Spinoza’s Modernity is a major, original work of intellectual history that reassesses the philosophical project of Baruch Spinoza, uncovers his influence on later thinkers, and demonstrates how that crucial influence on Moses Mendelssohn, G. E. Lessing, and Heinrich Heine shaped the development of modern critical thought. Excommunicated by his Jewish community, Spinoza was a controversial figure in his lifetime and for centuries afterward. Willi Goetschel shows how Spinoza’s philosophy was a direct challenge to the theological and metaphysical assumptions of modern European thought. He locates the driving force of this challenge in Spinoza’s Jewishness, which is deeply inscribed in his philosophy and defines the radical nature of his modernity.
Kant's philosophy is often treated as a closed system, without reference to how it was written or how Kant arrived at its familiar form, the critique. In fact, the style of the critique seems so artless that readers think of it as an unfortunate by-product--a style of stylelessness. In Constituting Critique, Willi Goetschel shows how this apparent gracelessness was deliberately achieved by Kant through a series of writing experiments. By providing an account of the process that culminated in his three Critiques, this book offers a new perspective on Kant's philosophical thought and practice. Constituting Critique traces the stages in Kant's development to reveal how he redefined philosophy as a critical task. Following the philosopher through the experiments of his early essays, Goetschel demonstrates how Kant tests, challenges, and transforms the philosophical essay in his pursuit of a new self-reflective literary genre. From these experiments, critique emerges as the philosophical form for the critical project of the Enlightenment. The imperatives of its transcendental style, Goetschel contends, not only constitute and inform the critical moment of Kant's philosophical praxis, but also have an enduring place in post-Kantian philosophy and literature. By situating the Critiques within the context of Kant's early essays, this work will redirect the attention of Kant scholars to the origins of their form. It will also encourage contemporary critical theorists to reconsider their own practice through an engagement with its source in Kant.
Heinrich Heine's role in the formation of Critical Theory has been systematically overlooked in the course of the successful appropriation of his thought by Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, and the legacy they left, in particular for Adorno, Benjamin and the Frankfurt School. This book examines the critical connections that led Adorno to call for a “reappraisal” of Heine in a 1948 essay that, published posthumously, remains under-examined. Tracing Heine's Jewish difference and its liberating comedy of irreverence in the thought of the Frankfurt School, the book situates the project of Critical Theory in the tradition of a praxis of critique, which Heine elevates to the art of public controversy. Heine's bold linking of aesthetics and political concerns anticipates the critical paradigm assumed by Benjamin and Adorno. Reading Critical Theory with Heine recovers a forgotten voice that has theoretically critical significance for the formation of the Frankfurt School. With Heine, the project of Critical Theory can be understood as the sustained effort to advance the emancipation of the affects and the senses, at the heart of a theoretical vision that recognizes pleasure as the liberating force in the fight for freedom.
At the end of the 1970s, Keith Haring decorates the walls of the subway tunnels in New York with simple, two-dimensional characters. His tag is "The Radiant Child.” In contrast to the graffiti scene, which consists of little more than repetitions of such tags, Keith develops a diverse language of symbols. They seem to be mystic messages. In 1990 Haring dies, aged 31, from AIDS.
In 1961 Andy Warhol resolved to become the chronicler of the affluent society. His series of consumption products is heralded by hand-painted dollar bills, coke bottles, and the 32 varieties of Campbell's soup cans. In 1968 he is shot down. The doctors declare him clinically dead. But Andy remains productive for nearly 20 years more. He dies in 1987. Author Willi Bloss asked Annette Schulze-Kremer to draw this comic biography as a reference to the 1960 years and to Mort Drucker, one of their favorites from the magazine MAD
Vincent van Gogh becomes only 37 years old. Only the last 10 years of his life he is engaged in painting. Restlessly and exhausting he travels through the Netherlands, Belgium, Great Britain and France. Together with his colleagues Cezanne, Toulouse-Lautrec and Gauguin he is regarded today as one of the most important artists of the expressionism movement. This comic guide, written and drawn by Willi Bloss, catches the main marks of the master's life and refers optically to the unerring style that van Gogh used for his sketches.
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