Development strategies in a number of sectors can have adverse consequences for health and the environment. This report looks in particular at food and agriculture, water, energy, industry, and urbanization, in each case, examining the adverse health effects of various sectoral policies and recommending approaches and action aimed at mitigating or preventing them. The discussion is underpinned by concern for the principles of a more equitable access to resources both within and between countries, and participation of the public in formulating, implementing and evaluating plans and projects... [Editeur]
Social justice is a matter of life and death. It affects the way people live, their consequent chance of illness, and their risk of premature death. We watch in wonder as life expectancy and good health continue to increase in parts of the world and in alarm as they fail to improve in others.
Since the last meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on Problems Related to Alcohol Consumption WHO has undertaken a range of major initiatives to support Member States and reinforce the evidence on which policies work to develop global and regional information systems and to promote effective policies in health-care settings. These initiatives provide the background for the continuing role of WHO in supporting Member States to reduce the harm done by alcohol. In resolution WHA58.26 the Fifty-eighth World Health Assembly in 2005 requested the Director-General to report to the Sixtieth World Health Assembly on evidence-based strategies and interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm including a comprehensive assessment of public-health problems caused by harmful use of alcohol and to draw up recommendations for effective policies and interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm . To this end a WHO Expert Committee on Problems Related to Alcohol Consumption was convened with the main objectives of reviewing a range of public health problems attributable to alcohol consumption as well as scientific and empirical evidence of effectiveness of different policy options and providing technical recommendations on effective policies and interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm.
Based on The New York Times Best-Selling series, this timeline of world history gives a fresh take on global events, from King Tut to Malala Yousafzai. For the first time ever, the Who Was? subjects are gathered into a single title! The Who Was? History of the World is a journey along the timeline of history, noting the birthdays of 150 people in the series and what was happening in the world at that moment in time. Follow the timeline to learn who was doing what when, from the days of ancient Egypt, all the way up to the present.
This timeline of world history gives a fresh take on global events, from King Tut to Malala Yousafzai, and includes ten pages of bobblehead stickers! More than 150 Who Was? subjects gathered into a single hardcover title! This deluxe edition serves as a companion to the entire series, with a foil cover and ten additional pages of bobblehead stickers. The Who Was? History of the World is a journey along the timeline of history, noting the birthdays of 150 people featured in the series, and what was happening in the world at that moment in time. Follow the timeline to learn who was doing what when, from the days of ancient Egypt, all the way up to the present. And be sure to keep this beautiful edition handy for homework help and quick reference. World history the Who Was? way!
This report presents the recommendations of a WHO Expert Committee commissioned to coordinate activities leading to the adoption of international recommendations to assure the quality safety and efficacy of vaccines blood products and other biological medicines and the establishment of international biological reference standards for these products and related diagnostic devices. The report of particular relevance to manufacturers and national regulatory authorities starts with a discussion of general issues brought to the Committee's attention. The second part of the report contains written specifications that establish international regulatory expectations for the following products; DNA vaccines pertussis (whole cell) vaccine plasma (human) for fractionation rabies vaccine and rotavirus vaccine. The report also provides a risk assessment and defines conditions for the safe production of pandemic strain influenza vaccines. The third part of the report provides information on the status and development of international reference materials for various antibodies antigens blood products and related substances and in vitro diagnostic devices.
The Codex Alimentarius is a collection of international standards for all the principal foods, whether processed, semi-processed or raw, including provisions regarding food hygiene, nutritional quality, food additives, pesticide residues and labelling issues. This volume contains all the Codex Standards and the Code of Practice adopted by the Codex Alimentarius Commission in regard to fats and oils. It takes into account those texts adopted at the 24th session of the Commission in July 2001.
The World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations advises the Director-General of WHO in the area of medicines quality assurance. It provides independent expert recommendations and guidance to ensure that medicines meet standards of quality, safety and efficacy in all WHO Member States. Its advice is developed through a broad consensus-building process and covers all areas of quality assurance of medicines, from their development to their distribution to patients. In the area of quality control, the Expert Committee reviewed new and revised specifications and general texts for inclusion in The International Pharmacopoeia, and received the annual report of the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM), the custodian centre for International Chemical Reference Substances (ICRS). The Committee adopted a number of monographs, general texts and ICRS. It noted the report on Phase 6 of the External Quality Assurance Assessment Scheme (EQAAS) and on new approaches to ensure sustainability of this scheme through user fees. The Committee further acknowledged the progress of good pharmacopoeial practices (GPhP), and adopted the document on GPhP which was prepared by the consecutive international meetings of world pharmacopoeias. In the various quality assurance-related areas the Expert Committee was presented with a number of new and revised guidelines related to good manufacturing practices (GMP), distribution and trade of pharmaceuticals and regulatory practice. It adopted 10 guidelines as listed below as well as 22 new specifications and general texts for inclusion in The International Pharmacopoeia. The Committee took note of ongoing work to promote collaboration and information exchange through the good regulatory practice project and welcomed the development of a comprehensive set of guidelines for all national regulatory authorities through this project.
Learn how a young girl who lived on a Christmas tree farm grew up to become one of the most celebrated musical artists of the twenty-first century in this addition to the #1 New York Times bestselling series. Taylor Swift always knew she wanted to be a country music artist, so at age thirteen, she convinced her parents to move their family out of Pennsylvania to Nashville. As a singer, songwriter, and guitarist, Taylor wrote songs about teenage heartbreak and fitting in with her peers, and she performed these and other tunes at open mic nights and karaoke events. Breaking into the music industry took longer than she expected because record executives thought there was no place in country music for her songs. But Taylor was fearless and proved them wrong. Since the release of her self-titled debut album in 2006, Taylor Swift has dominated the music charts, reinvented her sound, won numerous awards, shaken off public criticism, and spoken up for herself and others. Whether you're a lifelong Swiftie or someone who just loves learning about musicians, this enchanting book will teach you all about the experiences that helped Taylor Swift become the successful superstar many kids and adults looks up to.
Called the "Great Pathfinder", Daniel Boone is most famous for opening up the West to settlers through Kentucky. A symbol of America's pioneering spirit Boone was a skilled outdoorsman and an avid reader although he never attended school. Sydelle Kramer skillfully recounts Boone's many adventures such as the day he rescued his own daughter from kidnappers.
Get ready for the electrifying biography of Nikola Tesla--part creative genius, part mad scientist, and 100% innovator. When Nikola Tesla arrived in the United States in 1884, he didn't have much money, but he did have a letter of introduction to renowned inventor Thomas Edison. The working relationship between the two men was short lived, though, and the two scientist-inventors became harsh competitors. One of the most influential scientists of all time, Nikola Tesla is celebrated for his experiments in electricity, X-rays, remote controls, and wireless communications. His invention of the Tesla coil was instrumental in the development of radio technology.
No Taxation without Representation!" The Boston Tea Party stands as an iconic event of the American Revolution—outraged by the tax on tea, American colonists chose to destroy the tea by dumping it into the water! Learn all about the famed colonialists who fought against the British Monarchy, and read about this act of rebellion from our history! With black-and-white illustrations throughout and sixteen pages of photos, the Boston Tea party is brought to life!
BACKGROUND: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), defined as a state of persistent immune response to prior-acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens without evidence of clinically manifested active TB, affects about one-third of the world's population. Approximately 10% of people with LTBI will develop active TB disease in their lifetime, with the majority developing it within the first five years after initial infection. Currently available treatments have an efficacy ranging from 60% to 90%. Systematic testing and treatment of LTBI in at-risk populations is a critical component of WHO's eight-point framework adapted from the End TB Strategy to target pre-elimination and, ultimately, elimination in low incidence countries. OVERVIEW: Recognizing the importance of expanding the response to LTBI, in 2014 WHO developed Guidelines on the Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection. The guidelines are primarily targeted at high-income or upper middle-income countries with an estimated TB incidence rate of less than 100 per 100 000 population, because they are most likely to benefit from it due to their current TB epidemiology and resource availability. The overall objective of the guidelines is to provide public health approach guidance on evidence-based practices for testing, treating and managing LTBI in individuals with the highest risk of progression to active disease. Specific objectives include identifying and prioritizing at-risk population groups for targeted intervention of LTBI testing and treatment, including defining an algorithm, and recommending specific treatment options. The guidelines are expected to provide the basis and rationale for the development of national guidelines for LTBI management based on available resources, epidemiology of TB including intensity of transmission, the health-care delivery system of the country, and other national and local determinants.
In 1789, George Washington became the first president of the United States. He has been called the father of our country for leading America through its early years. Washington also served in two major wars during his lifetime: the French and Indian War and the American Revolution. With over 100 black-and-white illustrations, Washington's fascinating story comes to life - revealing the real man, not just the face on the dollar bill!
The WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization is commissioned by WHO to establish detailed recommendations and guidelines for the manufacturing, licensing, and control of blood products, cell regulators, vaccines and related in vitro diagnostic tests. Members of the Expert Committee are scientists from national control agencies, academia, research institutes, public health bodies and the pharmaceutical industry acting as individual experts and not as representatives of their respective organizations or employers. The decisions and recommendations of the Committee are based entirely on scientific principles and considerations of public health. The Expert Committee on Biological Standardization meets on an annual basis since 1947 and is reponsible for the establishment of the WHO International Biological Reference Preparations and for the adoption of the WHO Recommendations and Guidelines. The Expert Committee directly reports to the Executive Board, which is the executive arm of the World Health Assembly.
The World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations advises the Director-General of WHO in the area of medicines quality assurance. It provides independent expert recommendations and guidance to ensure that medicines meet standards of quality safety and efficacy in all WHO Member States. Its advice is developed through a broad consensus-building process and covers all areas of quality assurance of medicines from their development to their distribution to patients. In the area of quality control the Expert Committee reviewed new and revised specifications and general texts for inclusion in The International Pharmacopoeia and received the annual report of the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM) the custodian centre for International Chemical Reference Substances (ICRS). The Committee adopted a number of monographs general texts and ICRS. It noted the report on Phase 5 of the External Quality Assurance Assessment Scheme (EQAAS) and on new approaches to ensure sustainability of this scheme through user fees. The Committee further received a concept paper on the benefits of good pharmacopoeial practices (GPhP) and was informed of progress achieved with developing a comprehensive document on GPhP through discussions at consecutive international meetings of world pharmacopoeias. In the various quality assurance-related areas the Expert Committee was presented with a number of new and revised guidelines related to good manufacturing practices (GMP) distribution and trade of pharmaceuticals and regulatory practice. It adopted eight guidelines and 16 technical supplements as listed below including a new guidance text on good review practice prepared under the leadership of the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation Regulatory Harmonization Steering Committee. The Committee took note of ongoing work to promote collaboration and information exchange through the good regulatory practice project and welcomed the development of a comprehensive set of guidelines for all national regulatory authorities through this project. The report includes the following annexes which are recommended as new WHO guidelines: . Annex 1. Procedure of the development of monographs for inclusion in The International Pharmacopoeia (revision); . Annex 2. Updating mechanism for the section on radiopharmaceuticals in The International Pharmacopoeia (revision); . Annex 3. Supplementary guidelines on good manufacturing practices: validation; Appendix 7: non-sterile process validation (revision); . Annex 4. General guidance for inspectors on hold-time studies (new); . Annex 6. Recommendations for quality requirements when plant-derived artemisinin is used as a starting material in the production of antimalarial active pharmaceutical ingredients (revision); . Annex 7. Guidelines on registration requirements to establish interchangeability (revision); . Annex 8. Guidance on the selection of comparator pharmaceutical products for equivalence assessment of interchangeable multisource (generic) products (revision); . Annex 9: Good review practices guidelines for regulatory authorities (new). In addition 16 technical supplements to the WHO model guidance for the storage and transport of time- and temperature-sensitive pharmaceutical products were adopted for publication in a format which is appropriate to the large volume of this guidance (Annex 5). The newly adopted monographs were adopted for inclusion in The International Pharmacopoeia. Following the implementation of the revised general monograph on parenteral preparations the Committee adopted the proposed endotoxin limits for 11 parenteral dosage form monographs lacking such specification together with related updates to relevant monographs. The Committee adopted 12 ICRS newly characterized by the custodian centre EDQM. The Committee further adopted the workplan for new monographs to be included in The International Pharmacopoeia.
One day in 1882, Thomas Edison flipped a switch that lit up lower Manhattan with incandescent light and changed the way people live ever after. The electric light bulb was only one of thousands of Edison’s inventions, which include the phonograph and the kinetoscope, an early precursor to the movie camera. As a boy, observing a robin catch a worm and then take flight, he fed a playmate a mixture of worms and water to see if she could fly! Here’s an accessible, appealing biography with 100 black-and-white illustrations.
The Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical Preparations works towards clear, independent and practical standards and guidelines for the quality assurance of medicines. Standards are developed by the Committee through worldwide consultation and an international consensus-building process. The following new guidelines were adopted and recommended for use, in addition to 20 monographs and general texts for inclusion in The International Pharmacopoeia and 11 new International Chemical Reference Substances. The International Pharmacopoeia - updating mechanism for the section on radiopharmaceuticals; WHO good manufacturing practices for pharmaceutical products: main principles; Model quality assurance system for procurement agencies; Assessment tool based on the model quality assurance system for procurement agencies: aide-memoire for inspection; Guidelines on submission of documentation for prequalification of finished pharmaceutical products approved by stringent regulatory authorities; and Guidelines on submission of documentation for a multisource (generic) finished pharmaceutical product: quality part.
Born in 1925, Maria Tallchief spent part of her childhood on an Osage reservation in Oklahoma. With the support of her family and world-renowned choreographer George Balanchine, she rose to the top of her art form to become America's first prima ballerina. Black-and-white illustrations provide visual sidebars to the history of ballet while taking readers through the life of this amazing dancer.
Learn how a young girl who once lived on a Christmas tree farm grew up to become one of the most celebrated musical artists of the twenty-first century in this new deluxe addition to the #1 New York Times bestselling series. Taylor Swift always knew she wanted to be a country music artist, so at age thirteen, she convinced her parents to move their family from Pennsylvania to Nashville. Since the release of her self-titled debut album in 2006, Taylor Swift has dominated the music charts, reinvented her sound, won numerous awards, shaken off public criticism, and spoken up for herself and others. This new deluxe edition hardcover biography features lavender-sprayed edges, printed endpapers, purple interior illustrations, and a foil-effect cover, sure to please Taylor fans everywhere. Whether you're a lifelong Swiftie or someone who just loves learning about musicians, this enchanting book will teach you all about the experiences that helped Taylor Swift become the successful superstar many kids and adults looks up to.
Ladies and Gentlemen, children of all ages, step right up for Who HQ's entertaining biography of P. T. Barnum: politician, businessman, and The Greatest Showman on Earth! After moving from Connecticut to New York City in 1834, twenty-four-year-old Phineas Taylor Barnum launched his now-legendary career as a showman. Even though spectators debated whether his exhibitions were authentic wonders, hoaxes, or a little bit of both, they were always astounded by what they saw. And readers are sure to be amazed by the story of how Barnum went from owning a museum filled with rare and unusual items to transforming the American circus into a popular and thrilling phenomenon.
This publication sets out the discussions of the Committee's 67th meeting, including i) the principles governing the toxicological evaluation and assessments of intake of food additives (in particular, flavouring agents) and contaminants; ii) evaluations of technical, toxicological and intake data for certain food additives (annatto extracts, natamycin, propyl paraben, synthetic lycopene and lycopene from Blakeslea trispora, and quillaia extract type 2) and food contaminants (aluminium, 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and methylmercury); and iii) revised specifications for the following food additives: carob bean gum, guar gum, titanium dioxide and zeaxanthin.
Learn about the incredible legacy of the first Native American athlete and Olympian to earn a gold medal for the United States in this exciting addition to the #1 New York Times Best-Selling series. While most athletes excel in just one sport, Jim Thorpe was different. Born in Oklahoma in 1887, he played both professional football and baseball, and ran track and field. Jim was not only a sports icon but also a trailblazer. Raised as part of the Sac and Fox tribal nation, he was the first Native American person to win an Olympic gold medal for the United States. And although his personal life was not always as successful as his career, Jim remains one of the greatest athletes in American history.
As a field reporter in the 1960s, Gloria Steinem worked hard to dig up important stories. She went undercover to expose the grim realities of gender inequality in America. As her message continued to grow, she became the spokeswoman of the women’s liberation movement and created the feminist publication, Ms. magazine. Steinem continues to speak and write about women and women’s roles in media and politics.
Snakebites are well-known medical emergencies in many parts of the world especially in rural areas. Agricultural workers and children are most affected. The incidence of snakebite mortality is particularly high in South-East Asia. Rational use of snake anti-venom can substantially reduce mortality and morbidity due to snake bites. These guidelines are a revised and updated version of those published in 2011. The geographical coverage extends from India in the west to DPR Korea and Indonesia in the east Nepal and Bhutan in the north and to Sri Lanka and Indonesia in the south and south-east. Snakes inhabiting the Indonesian islands east of Wallace?s line (West Papua and Maluku Islands) are part of the Australasian elapid fauna differing from those west of this line. This publication aims to pass on a digest of available knowledge about all clinical aspects of snake-bite to medically trained personnel including medical doctors nurses dispensers and community health workers. They aim to provide suffcient practical information to allow medically trained personnel to assess and treat patients with snake-bites at different levels of the health service.
Discover more about Stevie Wonder, the music prodigy whose awards include 25 Grammy Awards and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Stevie Wonder is one of the most successful singer-songwriter-musicians of our time. Signing his first record deal when he was only eleven, he had his first No.1 hit when he was thirteen. Since then he has had thirty US top ten hits, won a range of awards for his music and his civil rights work, and created such iconic songs as "Isn't She Lovely" and "I Just Called to Say I Love You." Stevie Wonder is a beloved entertainer who continues to tour and perform around the world.
Born a slave in Maryland, Harriet Tubman knew first-hand what it meant to be someone's property; she was whipped by owners and almost killed by an overseer. It was from other field hands that she first heard about the Underground Railroad which she travelled by herself north to Philadelphia. Throughout her long life (she died at the age of ninety-two) and long after the Civil War brought an end to slavery, this amazing woman was proof of what just one person can do.
When Derek Jeter was eight years old, he announced that he was going to play baseball for the New York Yankees. Jeter earned the attention of major league scouts in high school and was drafted to the New York Yankees in 1992. Named Rookie of the Year, he helped the Yankees win the World Series five times, and became team captain in 2003. With his good looks, easygoing personality, and sense of humor, Derek has always been a fan favorite. Retiring from baseball in 2014, Derek Jeter leaves behind a legacy.
Find out how a young boy from the Midwest became one of the most important writers and activists of the Harlem Renaissance in this addition to the #1 New York Times bestselling series! Langston Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri, and was raised by his grandmother, who told him many stories of the Black American experience and taught him to be proud of his race from a young age. With her guidance, Langston went on to become a talented writer in high school, creating dramatic plays, poetry, and articles for the school paper. His career as a writer would continue to blossom. Langston pioneered Jazz Poetry and published nearly twenty poetry books during his lifetime as well as novels, books for children, nonfiction books, and plays. He was an activist and a major figure of the Harlem Renaissance period, alongside Zora Neale Hurston and Countee Cullen. Young readers can learn about Langston's beloved writing, including some of his most famous poems "Dreams" and "The Weary Blues," and his long-lasting legacy in this middle-grade biography.
Growing up the youngest of seven children in Puerto Rico, Roberto Clemente had a talent for baseball. His incredible skill soon got him drafted into the big leagues where he spent 18 seasons playing right field for the Pittsburgh Pirates. Who Was Roberto Clemente? tells the story of this remarkable athlete: a twelve-time All-Star, World Series MVP, and the first Latin American inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.
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