Here are some examples of how you can tempt your friends to accept attractive-looking bets. But mathematical analysis shows that these bets are unfair. Mathematical tricks and curiosities are presented like: the magic number 70 in exponential growth; how to estimate the birth-and mortality rate in your town; why the best team does not always win; the famous TV-Show of Monty Hall with the car and the two goats behind three doors; the story behind the fairy tales of the 1'001 Arabian nights; why the last judgment occurs in 800 years; etc. Finally there is a long list of easy and difficult riddles.
The Paul Scherrer Institute in Villigen Switzerland is the largest Research Institute in Switzerland. It has four worldclass accelerators: two Proton Cyclotrons and two Electron Accelerators. They produce beams of neutrons, pions, muons and X-rays. These are used in Materials Sciences, Energy Research and Medical Applications. A special cyclotron is dedicated to irradiate tumours with protons. Over the last 22 years more than 8'000 cancer patients have been treated this way.
While regression models have become standard tools in medical research, understanding how to properly apply the models and interpret the results is often challenging for beginners. Regression Models as a Tool in Medical Research presents the fundamental concepts and important aspects of regression models most commonly used in medical research, including the classical regression model for continuous outcomes, the logistic regression model for binary outcomes, and the Cox proportional hazards model for survival data. The text emphasizes adequate use, correct interpretation of results, appropriate presentation of results, and avoidance of potential pitfalls. After reviewing popular models and basic methods, the book focuses on advanced topics and techniques. It considers the comparison of regression coefficients, the selection of covariates, the modeling of nonlinear and nonadditive effects, and the analysis of clustered and longitudinal data, highlighting the impact of selection mechanisms, measurement error, and incomplete covariate data. The text then covers the use of regression models to construct risk scores and predictors. It also gives an overview of more specific regression models and their applications as well as alternatives to regression modeling. The mathematical details underlying the estimation and inference techniques are provided in the appendices.
Modern mainstream economics is attracting an increasing number of critics of its high degree of abstraction and lack of relevance to economic reality. Economists are calling for a better reflection of the reality of imperfect information, the role of banks and credit markets, the mechanisms of economic growth, the role of institutions and the possibility that markets may not clear. While it is one thing to find flaws in current mainstream economics, it is another to offer an alternative paradigm which, can explain as much as the old, but can also account for the many 'anomalies'. That is what this book attempts. Since one of the biggest empirical challenges to the 'old' paradigm has been raised by the second largest economy in the world - Japan - this book puts the proposed 'new paradigm' to the severe test of the Japanese macroeconomic reality.
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