The Handbook for Chemical Process Research and Development focuses on developing processes for chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Forty years ago there were few process research and development activities in the pharmaceutical industry, partially due to the simplicity of the drug molecules. However, with the increasing structural complexity, especially the introduction of chiral centers into the drug molecules and strict regulations set by the EMA and FDA, process R&D has become one of the critical departments for pharmaceutical companies. This book assists with the key responsibility of process chemists to develop chemical processes for manufacturing pharmaceutical intermediates and final drug substances for clinical studies and commercial production.
This fully updated second edition reflects the significant changes in process chemistry since the first edition and includes more common process issues such as safety, cost, robustness, and environmental impact. Some areas have made notable progress such as process safety, stereochemistry, new reagents and reagent surrogates. Forty years ago there were few process research and development activities in the pharmaceutical industry, partly due to the simplicity of drug molecules. With increasing structural complexity especially the introduction of chiral centers into drug molecules and stricter regulations, process R&D has become one of the critical departments for pharmaceutical companies. Features: This unique volume now in its second edition is designed to provide readers with an unprecedented strategy and approach which will help chemists and graduate students develop chemical processes in an efficient manner. Promotes an industrial mindset concerning safety and commercial viability when developing methods. The author discusses development strategies with case studies and experimental procedures. Focuses on mechanism-guided process development which provides readers with practical strategies and approaches. Addresses more common process issues such as safety, cost, robustness, and environmental impact. This book provides a new direction for scientists, researchers, and students in materials science and polymer chemistry who seek to better understand the chemistry behind conducting polymers and improve their performance for use in advanced energy applications.
This SpringerBrief explores the physiological roles of Skp1-Cullin1-F-box Complex (SCF) and Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) in normal cells and in tumor formation. These two related, multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase enzymes, APC and SCF are thought to be the major driving forces governing proper cell cycle progression. Defective cell cycle regulation leads to genomic instability and ultimately, cancer development. Selective degradation of key cell cycle regulators by the ubiquitin-proteasome system has been proven to be a major regulatory mechanism for ensuring ordered and coordinated cell cycle progression. The SCF and APC E3 ligases have been characterized to play pivotal roles in regulating the cell cycle progression by timely degrading various critical cell cycle regulators. This Brief reviews recent studies that have shown that deregulation of signaling pathways in which the two ubiquitin ligases are involved causes aberrant cell cycle regulation, in turn leading to tumorigenesis. The text also discusses how SCF and APC may present promising therapeutic targets to treat various cancers.
China’s development momentum will last for 200 more years. This book focused on China’s Economic System Reform and Opening-up to the Outside World, and answered the why, when, who, where, and how? The author used his observation and analysis to break down the Reform step by step. The story started from China’s national situation, followed by the kick-off, the operation, the policy, the little-known side of the senior decision-making process, and the organizational behaviors of the Communist Party of China. The Destiny of Chinese Nation and the development strategy are the unique achievements in China Studies. In 2009, the author presided over the program “The Planning of Economic and Cultural Industries Development of Xuanwu District, Beijing, 2009–2015.” He anticipated that the population of the Beijing metropolitan area shall be 70–100 million, and pointed out the necessity to build one more international airport in South Beijing. He also concluded the program “World Metropolis, Humanistic Beijing, and the Planning of the Cultural Finance during 2010–2015” by the same inferences. In 2014, the construction of Xiong An New District began. The Beijing Economic Circle has brought the prediction of 100-million population close to reality. On September 25, 2019, Beijing Da Xing International Airport was officially opened to traffic.
An argument that individuals and collectives form memories by analogous processes and a case study of collective retrograde amnesia. We form individual memories by a process known as consolidation: the conversion of immediate and fleeting bits of information into a stable and accessible representation of facts and events. These memories provide a version of the past that helps us navigate the present and is critical to individual identity. In this book, Thomas Anastasio, Kristen Ann Ehrenberger, Patrick Watson, and Wenyi Zhang propose that social groups form collective memories by analogous processes. Using facts and insights from neuroscience, psychology, anthropology, and history, they describe a single process of consolidation with analogous—not merely comparable—manifestations on any level, whether brain, family, or society. They propose a three-in-one model of memory consolidation, composed of a buffer, a relator, and a generalizer, all within the consolidating entity, that can explain memory consolidation phenomena on individual and collective levels. When consolidation is disrupted by traumatic injury to a brain structure known as the hippocampus, memories in the process of being consolidated are lost. In individuals, this is known as retrograde amnesia. The authors hypothesize a "social hippocampus" and argue that disruption at the collective level can result in collective retrograde amnesia. They offer the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) as an example of trauma to the social hippocampus and present evidence for the loss of recent collective memory in mainland Chinese populations that experienced the Cultural Revolution.
The authors of Individual and Collective Memory Consolidation propose that that individuals and collectives form memories by analogous processes. This BIT examines the collective retrograde amnesia in mainland Chinese populations that experienced the Cultural Revolution and discusses the persistence of consolidated collective memory despite traumatic disruption.
Face recognition has been actively studied over the past decade and continues to be a big research challenge. Just recently, researchers have begun to investigate face recognition under unconstrained conditions. Unconstrained Face Recognition provides a comprehensive review of this biometric, especially face recognition from video, assembling a collection of novel approaches that are able to recognize human faces under various unconstrained situations. The underlying basis of these approaches is that, unlike conventional face recognition algorithms, they exploit the inherent characteristics of the unconstrained situation and thus improve the recognition performance when compared with conventional algorithms. Unconstrained Face Recognition is structured to meet the needs of a professional audience of researchers and practitioners in industry. This volume is also suitable for advanced-level students in computer science.
The US will have a 1-billion population by 2061. The author believes that an active and open immigration policy is beneficial to the United States in the long run. The bipartisan duopoly must be broken in order to incubate a more competitive election ecology. Five hundred regional economy engines (REE) are proposed to be built across the United States to revitalize the community economy. A New Marshall Plan is recommended to expand the whole-spectrum presence of the US globally. For the benefits of the people of both the US and China and world peace, the author boldly conceived that the USA and China to form a union to create a trans-Pacific “Pacific Union” by peaceful negotiation, not war. The author does not consider that the pandemic, protests, mass looting, two-party struggles, vote-counting, Occupying the US Capitol, bias media, economic difficulties, illegal immigration, and international rivals, and so on pose a real threat to the United States. The various “symptoms” that have manifested indicate that the United States is facing an unprecedented, comprehensive transition period. However, the nation has not fully awakened, so it is necessary to have a reminder. The book has eleven chapters, including (1) The Mirror of History, (2) The United States in 1946, (3) Korean War, Vietnam War, and Star Wars, (4) President Donald John Trump, (5) President Joseph Robinette Biden Jr., (6) Cultural transformation, (7) US Economy, (8) US Foreign Affairs in 2020 and Comments, (9) The US during 1944–2020, (10) Strategy, (11) Script: Dreams, and Outlook. There are descriptions of and comments on events in 2020 from brand-new perspectives. The starting point of the book is to place the interests of the country and the people of the United States first. The book will be a good friend to those who are serious about the future of the United States, whether they are voters, the US presidents, or members of Congress, governors, mayors, members of nonpartisan political organizations, teachers and students in political science, researches in American studies, and anyone who cares about world peace. You will surely get unprecedented inspiration and useful advice from it. This is the book that deserves every American to read. It will help you in the next forty years.
This book introduces readers to adaptive interference mitigation techniques based on multiple antennas for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) in the time, domain, spatial and spatial-temporal domains. As the performance of GNSS can easily be impacted by various intentional and unintentional interferences, the book explores in detail various types of interference, including jamming , high dynamic jamming, spoofing, multipath and pulsed interference. It offers a valuable reference work for graduate students and engineers in the field of satellite navigation and signal processing.
This book introduces readers to adaptive interference mitigation techniques based on multiple antennas for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) in the time, domain, spatial and spatial-temporal domains. As the performance of GNSS can easily be impacted by various intentional and unintentional interferences, the book explores in detail various types of interference, including jamming , high dynamic jamming, spoofing, multipath and pulsed interference. It offers a valuable reference work for graduate students and engineers in the field of satellite navigation and signal processing.
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