Though China is still a long way off from challenging the U.S. dollar's global reserve currency status, as the largest holder of U.S. debt, Beijing is undoubtedly nervous about the prospect of a weaker dollar and is taking steps to diversify its reserves, as well as to internationalize the renminbi. There also seems little doubt that in the next decade China will emerge as a major player in the international financial system. Given the strategic geopolitical and economic implications of these developments, the following report attempts to provide a clearer understanding of what is motivating Beijing's current moves, where its policy is likely headed, and the implications for the United States.
In this volume, we report new results about various boundary value problems for partial differential equations and functional equations, theory and methods of integral equations and integral operators including singular integral equations, applications of boundary value problems and integral equations to mechanics and physics, numerical methods of integral equations and boundary value problems, theory and methods for inverse problems of mathematical physics, Clifford analysis and related problems. Contributors include: L Baratchart, B L Chen, D C Chen, S S Ding, K Q Lan, A Farajzadeh, M G Fei, T Kosztolowicz, A Makin, T Qian, J M Rassias, J Ryan, C-Q Ru, P Schiavone, P Wang, Q S Zhang, X Y Zhang, S Y Du, H Y Gao, X Li, Y Y Qiao, G C Wen, Z T Zhang, and others.
This publication catalogue focuses on twelve masterpieces of Chinese landscape and figure paintings. An essay by Wen C. Fong presents an in-depth stylistic analysis and contextual history of the famed Riverbank; a detailed physical analysis is also included. An extended essay by Maxwell K. Hearn examines all twelve major paintings in the book, which range in date from the tenth to the early eighteenth century. -- Metropolitan Museum of Art website.
Integrating complementary treatment options with traditional veterinary practice is a growing trend in veterinary medicine. Veterinarians and clients alike have an interest in expanding treatment options to include alternative approaches such as Western and Chinese Herbal Medicine, Acupuncture, Nano-Pharmacology, Homotoxicology, and Therapeutic Nutrition along with conventional medicine. Integrating Complementary Medicine into Veterinary Practice introduces and familiarizes veterinarians with the terminology and procedures of these complementary treatment modalities in a traditional clinical format that facilitates the easy integration of these methods into established veterinary practices.
Chinese President Xi Jinping launched the Silk Road Economic Belt component of the One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative at Kazakhstan in 2013. OBOR is a development strategy and framework that focuses on connectivity and cooperation among countries primarily in Eurasia. It consists of two main components, the land-based 'Silk Road Economic Belt' (SREB) and ocean-going 'Maritime Silk Road' (MSR). This book studies the equilibrium or balance between overland and maritime trade routes of OBOR.This book has two major sections. The interpretive section examines contemporary media narratives related to the OBOR initiative and how contemporary commentators appropriate narratives about historical events related to the maritime Silk Road to interpret current policy agendas and legitimize diplomatic or economic exchanges. In terms of institutional studies, the chapters related to Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) will look at the issues facing the Bank in its quest in forming a new world platform for multilateral development financing.The other section, the empirical case study of the publication highlights the fact that Euro-China High Speed Rail (HSR) and Central Asia-China HSR are not viable at the moment as passenger volume is not sufficient to justify the HSR line. This section examines the overland route of the OBOR and looks at recent Chinese HSR history and conventional sub-high speed rail technology development, and identifies technical & economic criteria determining the appropriate technology for a certain line. The chapter in this section will use the developed criteria to analyze the various rail linkage projects currently under study in the OBOR framework, highlight the economic, bureaucratic and geo-political challenges that these projects likely face and lay down conditions that will determine the outcome of these projects.
The first comprehensive assemblage in the West of paintings on this subject, the Robert H. Ellsworth Collection comprises works in the classical Chinese medium of ink on paper and in the traditional formats of scrolls, album leaves, and fans."--BOOK JACKET.
Mercenary King Chen Yang returned to the city to protect his comrade's sister, the goddess. In the bustling city, Chen Yang was like a fish in water, carefree and at ease. And to see how the previous generation's soldiers would use their iron fists and wits to build a business empire...
In the author's opinion, commercial relations between China and Britain in the 1950s determined subsequent economic relations between the countries more than is commonly recognized. This book examines how trade was effected by the revolution and the crises surrounding the Korean war.
Cosmetic surgery in China has grown rapidly in recent years of dramatic social transition. Facing fierce competition in all spheres of daily life, more and more women consider cosmetic surgery as an investment to gain “beauty capital” to increase opportunities for social and career success. Building on rich ethnographic data, this book presents the perspectives of women who have undergone cosmetic surgery, illuminating the aspirations behind their choices. The author explores how turbulent economic, socio-cultural and political changes in China since the 1980s have produced immense anxiety that is experienced by women both mentally and physically. This book will appeal to readers who are interested in gender studies, China studies, anthropology and sociology of the body, and cultural studies.
Using interviews, newspaper articles, online texts, official documents, and national surveys, Lei shows that the development of the public sphere in China has provided an unprecedented forum for citizens to organize, influence the public agenda, and demand accountability from the government.
This book presents, for the first time in English, a collection of speeches delivered by Wen Jiabao, China's Premier from 2003 to 2013, at the six successive Summer Davos Forums held in China from 2007 to 2012, his special address at the 2009 World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, Switzerland, and the transcripts of his question and answer sessions at these events. Offering important insights not only into how China's macroeconomic policies have responded to domestic and global challenges in the past six years, this book also reveals the strength and purpose of Wen Jiabao and the Chinese leadership as they steered the country through the global financial crisis, made important contributions to global economic recovery, and enhanced China's capacity for longterm and sustainable economic and social development through nationwide investments in education, environmental conservation, healthcare, and technological innovation.
The functions of Chinese numerals are in the main identical with those of English numerals. However, as Chinese numerals are closely associated with classifiers with which to form numeral-classifier compounds, they can only be fully understood when they are studied together with Chinese classifiers. Chinese classifiers are a very difficult problem for foreign learners to tackle, though it is not difficult to translate them into English. The fact that Chinese classifiers are difficult to master is because it concerns the usage peculiar to Chinese, but it doesn’t prevent foreign learners from understanding the meaning of the Chinese classifiers. What is difficult for them is how to use them correctly in their translation from E to C. The aim of this book is to tell the learners how to use Chinese classifiers correctly. In order to help the foreign learners to learn Chinese classifiers more handily and correctly, Appendix I: Classification of Chinese action classifiers and Appendix II: a detailed List of combination of Chinese classifiers and nouns, with more than 800 examples, are provided in this book.
This open access handbook, Ten Crises systematically traces the economic history of China from 1949 to 2020, unravelling the complex domestic and global factors leading to the cyclical crises identified by WEN and his research team, and examining the corresponding counteracting policies and measures by the government to resolve or defer the crises. The book offers profound insights into China's endeavours and predicaments on the path of modernization, and contemplates opportunities and lessons for the forging of alternative trajectories not only for China but also for the global south: to reconstruct rural communities for integrated cooperation and governance, and to revitalize ecological civilization.
What a fine and illuminating book! Shanghai Splendor is an important and captivating work of scholarship."—David Strand, author of Rickshaw Beijing: City People and Politics in the 1920s "This in an outstanding work. Although Shanghai has been among the most popular subjects for scholars in modern Chinese studies, one has yet to see a project as impressive as this. Yeh tells a most fascinating story."—David Der-wei Wang, author of The Monster That Is History: History, Violence, and Fictional Writing in 20th Century China
Withered Flowers reflects the whole process of the Socialist Education Movement, also called “four clean-ups” movement, in the early sixties. Mao Zedong intended to use the Socialist Education Movement to strike at his political enemies, the capitalist-roaders. However, the movement met with strong resistance from Mao’s political opponents and thus it ended up in failure. The novel, through vivid, faithful and in-depth description of the complete progress of the Socialist Education Movement step by step, succeeds in presenting to the readers a panorama of the Chinese socialist countryside at that time. It also brings to light a full picture of how the work teams dispatched by the Communist Party committees at various levels ruthlessly persecute the ordinary production team cadres, and the miserable and tragic lot of the daughters and daughters-in-law of the former landlords and rich peasants. The Socialist Education Movement was a historical period not to be ignored during Mao’s twenty-seven-year rule over China. As its scale was so large, its time was so long, its struggle was so relapsing and its targets of struggle were so vast in number, it was only next to the Cultural Revolution. That people have not attached due importance to it is because the countless people who were hurt and seriously humiliated in the movement were the insignificant production team cadres. As a matter of fact the Cultural Revolution may be regarded as the continuation of the Socialist Education Movement whereas the Socialist Education Movement, the skirmish of the Cultural Revolution. There has never been a literary work that so systematically and fully reflects the Socialist Education Movement so far, and thus this novel is all the more rare and valuable.
A major scholarly work, published in conjunction with the exhibition titled "Splendors of Imperial China: Treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei" (on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art during 1996, and scheduled for several other American cities during 1996-1997). Written by scholars of both Chinese and Western cultural backgrounds and conceived as a cultural history, the book synthesizes scholarship of the past three decades to present the historical and cultural significance of individual works of art and analyses of their aesthetic content, as well as reevaluation of the cultural dynamics of Chinese history. Includes some 600 illustrations, 436 in color. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
The three volume set LNCS 5551/5552/5553 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2009, held in Wuhan, China in May 2009. The 409 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 1.235 submissions. The papers are organized in 20 topical sections on theoretical analysis, stability, time-delay neural networks, machine learning, neural modeling, decision making systems, fuzzy systems and fuzzy neural networks, support vector machines and kernel methods, genetic algorithms, clustering and classification, pattern recognition, intelligent control, optimization, robotics, image processing, signal processing, biomedical applications, fault diagnosis, telecommunication, sensor network and transportation systems, as well as applications.
The enormous changes in twentieth-century Chinese higher education up to the Sino-Japanese War are detailed in this pioneering work. Yeh examines the impact of instruction in English and of the introduction of science and engineering into the curriculum. Such innovations spurred the movement of higher education away from the gentry academies focused on classical studies and propelled it toward modern middle-class colleges with diverse programs. Yeh provides a typology of Chinese institutions of higher learning in the Republican period and detailed studies of representative universities. She also describes student life and prominent academic personalities in various seats of higher learning. Social changes and the political ferment outside the academy affected students and faculty alike, giving rise, as Yeh contends, to a sense of alienation on the eve of war.
Revealing information that has been suppressed in the Chinese Communist Party's official history, Wen-hsin Yeh presents an insightful new view of the Party's origins. She moves away from an emphasis on Mao and traces Chinese Communism's roots to the country's culturally conservative agrarian heartland. And for the first time, her book shows the transformation of May Fourth radical youth into pioneering Communist intellectuals from a social and cultural history perspective. Yeh's study provides a unique description of the spatial dimensions of China's transition into modernity and vividly evokes the changing landscapes, historical circumstances, and personalities involved. The human dimension of this transformation is captured through the biography of Shi Cuntong (1899-1970), a student from the Neo-Confucian county of Jinhua who became a founding member of the Party. Yeh's in-depth analysis of the dynamics of change is combined with a compelling narrative of the moral dilemmas in the lives of Shi Cuntong and other early leaders. Using sources previously closed to scholars, including recently discovered documents in the archives of the First United Front, Yeh shows the urban Communist movement as an intellectual revolution in social consciousness. The Maoist legacy has often been associated with the excesses of the Cultural Revolution. Yeh's historical reconstruction of a pre-Mao, non-organizational dimension of Chinese socialism is thus of vital interest to those seeking to redefine the place of the Communist Party in a post-Mao political order.
The northern Chinese mountain range of Mount Wutai has been a preeminent site of international pilgrimage for over a millennium. Home to more than one hundred temples, the entire range is considered a Buddhist paradise on earth, and has received visitors ranging from emperors to monastic and lay devotees. Mount Wutai explores how Qing Buddhist rulers and clerics from Inner Asia, including Manchus, Tibetans, and Mongols, reimagined the mountain as their own during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Wen-Shing Chou examines a wealth of original source materials in multiple languages and media--many never before published or translated—such as temple replicas, pilgrimage guides, hagiographic representations, and panoramic maps. She shows how literary, artistic, and architectural depictions of the mountain permanently transformed the site's religious landscape and redefined Inner Asia's relations with China. Chou addresses the pivotal but previously unacknowledged history of artistic and intellectual exchange between the varying religious, linguistic, and cultural traditions of the region. The reimagining of Mount Wutai was a fluid endeavor that proved central to the cosmopolitanism of the Qing Empire, and the mountain range became a unique site of shared diplomacy, trade, and religious devotion between different constituents, as well as a spiritual bridge between China and Tibet. A compelling exploration of the changing meaning and significance of one of the world's great religious sites, Mount Wutai offers an important new framework for understanding Buddhist sacred geography.
Wang Hui, the most celebrated painter of late-seventeenth-century China, played a key role both in reinvigorating past traditions of landscape painting and in establishing the stylistic foundations for the imperially sponsored art of the Qing court. Drawing upon his protean talent and immense ambition, Wang developed an all-embracing synthesis of historical landscape styles that constituted one of the greatest artistic innovations of late imperial China." "This comprehensive study of the painter, the first published in English, features three essays that together consider his life and career, his artistic achievements, and his masterwork - the series of twelve monumental scrolls depicting the Kangxi emperor's Southern Inspection Tour of 1689. The first essay, by Wen C. Fong, closely examines Wang Hui's genius for "repossessing the past," his ability to engage in an inventive dialogue with previous masters and to absorb their stylistic personae while making works that were distinctly his own. Chin-Sung Chang next traces the entire trajectory of Wang's development as an artist, from his precocious youth in the village of Yushan, through growing local and national fame - first as a copyist, then as the creator of groundbreaking panoramic landscapes - to the ultimate confirmation of his stature with the commission to direct the Southern Inspection Tour project. Focusing on this extraordinary eight-year-long effort, Maxwell K. Hearn's essay discusses the contemporary sources for the scrolls, the working methods of Wang and his assistants (comparing drafts with finished versions), and the artistic innovations reflected in these imposing works, the extant examples of which measure more than two feet high and from forty-six to eighty-six feet long." "This publication accompanies the exhibition "Landscapes Clear and Radiant: The Art of Wang Hui (1632-1717)," held at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, from September 9, 2008, through January 4, 2009."--BOOK JACKET.
The functions of Chinese numerals are in the main identical with those of English numerals. However, as Chinese numerals are closely associated with classifiers with which to form numeral-classifier compounds, they can only be fully understood when they are studied together with Chinese classifiers. Chinese classifiers are a very difficult problem for foreign learners to tackle, though it is not difficult to translate them into English. The fact that Chinese classifiers are difficult to master is because it concerns the usage peculiar to Chinese, but it doesn’t prevent foreign learners from understanding the meaning of the Chinese classifiers. What is difficult for them is how to use them correctly in their translation from E to C. The aim of this book is to tell the learners how to use Chinese classifiers correctly. In order to help the foreign learners to learn Chinese classifiers more handily and correctly, Appendix I: Classification of Chinese action classifiers and Appendix II: a detailed List of combination of Chinese classifiers and nouns, with more than 800 examples, are provided in this book.
A variety of Chinese writings from the Song period (960–1279)—medical texts, religious treatises, fiction, and anecdotes—depict women who were considered peculiar because their sexual bodies did not belong to men. These were women who refused to marry, were considered unmarriageable, or were married but denied their husbands sexual access, thereby removing themselves from social constructs of female sexuality defined in relation to men. As elite male authors attempted to make sense of these women whose sexual bodies were unavailable to them, they were forced to contemplate the purpose of women’s bodies and lives apart from wifehood and motherhood. This raised troubling new questions about normalcy, desire, sexuality, and identity. In Divine, Demonic, and Disordered, Hsiao-wen Cheng considers accounts of “manless women,” many of which depict women who suffered from “enchantment disorder” or who engaged in “intercourse with ghosts”—conditions with specific symptoms and behavioral patterns. Cheng questions conventional binary gender analyses and shifts attention away from women’s reproductive bodies and familial roles. Her innovative study offers historians of China and readers interested in women, gender, sexuality, medicine, and religion a fresh look at the unstable meanings attached to women’s behaviors and lives even in a time of codified patriarchy.
In October 2002, WHO of the United Nations listed China’s Great Leap Forward, the two world wars and Stalin’s purge movement as the three most disastrous events of mankind in the 20th century. Rainbow Bridge reflects the chaotic years of the “Three Red Banners” pursued by the Communist Party of China (CPC). The “Three Red Banners,” namely, the CPC’s General Line for Socialist Construction, the Great Leap Forward and the people’s communes, focally representing the radical economic line of the CPC in late 1950s to early 1960s. This line had pushed the Chinese national economy to the verge of collapse. The novel exposes the shaping, the complete process and the disastrous consequences of the “Three Red Banners” with the “Great Leap Forward” as the main episode, through continuing describing Simon Chan’s experience and his relations with the people of various strata around him. It faithfully depicts the unprecedented nation-wide great famine caused by the “Three Red Banners” in an all-round way. The great famine, which leads to the death of more than thirty millions of people, lasts for as long as three years. The genuine friendship between Simon and Phoenix fostered through weal and woe during that time, their subtle relations and the tragedy in which Phoenix, this innocent, artless and beautiful country girl, drowns herself in the Rainbow River as a protest against the ultra-Leftist line, are an exceptionally sad and touching story of the Great Leap Forward. The novel gives authentic and detailed descriptions of all these things. Rainbow Bridge is the first and the only novel that exclusively gives a vivid, authentic and all-round narration of the Great Leap Forward movement so far.
Chinese Food for Life Care explores traditional Chinese ways of eating, and the Chinese people’s opinions as regards the choices of food in various situations. It discusses a great variety of traditionally consumed Chinese food items, explaining why some items are more popular than others in the country, and why the Chinese people generally believe “food and medicine are of the same origin.” The detailed accounts of the properties of different food items will serve as useful references for making decisions on what one should choose to eat according to his or her own physical conditions.
This book introduces readers to the history of design thinking in pre-modern China. The content is structured according to successive dynasties, covering the seven major periods of the pre-Qin, Qin and Han, Wei and Jin, Sui and Tang, Song and Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. Each chapter introduces the most representative individuals of the period and discusses their work and ideas in order to reveal the national and cultural features of the respective periods. A distinctive feature of cultural identity running through the long course of China’s historical development is the argument that actions are determined by ideas: Such a view can be found in long-standing thinking on art, design, and creativity. The book demonstrates that conscious design is the vital link between the ideas that constitute human cultures and the physical objects that make up their resulting material cultures. It is the attribute of design that defines what it is to be human and also produces the physical evidence of the evolution of Chinese civilization. The book reveals the integrated characteristics of Chinese culture and art and shows how both changing and recurring ideologies have influenced Chinese design practice since the ancient Shang and Zhou dynasties and how these forces have shaped the spirit and materiality of Chinese civilization. Design is the cornerstone that has made China one of the major contributors to human civilization throughout the thousands of years of its history. Given its focus, the book largely appeals to two main audiences: an academic readership of students and researchers interested in cultural studies and, a more general one, consisting of those interested in international comparisons and wishing to learn more about Chinese history, society, and culture. In order to appeal to both, the book is written in a clear and accessible language.
In this illustrated introduction Wen Haiming explores philosophers through Chinese history and distinguishes the 'Chinese philosophical sensibility' motivating their thoughts.
This collection of twenty essays provides an unprecedented overview of Chinese trade through the centuries, highlighting its scope, diversity, complexity, and the commodities that have linked it with Southeast Asia.
At the end of the Warring States Period, the Qin Kingdom began to become more and more powerful after the Shang Martingale Change Method was adopted. After the internal strife of Lao Ai and Lu Buwei, the First Emperor, Ying Zheng, appointed Li Si as the prime minister, and Wang Jian and Huan Gonggong as the grand generals. This action infuriated all the people in the world. Some of them raised their hands to fight back, and the most powerful force was the Mo family. Since the Mo family had always followed the strategy of "loving each other but attacking each other", the world's righteous scholars all responded, and those who responded threw life and death away, and the people of the martial world all revered them as "ink people". Faced with the pressure of the Blizzard Qin, could the Mo family turn the tide? This was how a life-and-death duel would begin? [Previous Chapter] [Table of Contents] [Next Chapter]
The International Legal Regime Relating to Marine Protected Areas in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction identifies the ‘participatory’, ‘competence’ and ‘geographical’ gaps in the international legal regime relating to marine protected areas (MPAs) in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) and provides insight into how to address these gaps. The book concludes that the gaps can be addressed only to a limited extent under the current international legal framework; however, the prospective international legally binding instrument (ILBI) on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ) might well make further contributions.
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