As a new member of the helper T cell subsets, Th17 cells have triggered more and more interest in exploring their development, regulation, function and therapeutic manipulation in distinct context since they were identified in 2005. This also causes a lot of confusion and debate about the generation and function of Th17 cells, especially their activity in the tumor immunopathology as our understanding grows. However, it is worth asserting that the most confusing part arises from the Th17-associated cytokines including IL-17 and IL-23 rather than the Th17 cells. IL-17 cytokine is not synonymous with Th17-cell subset, although IL-17 is the lineage-signature cytokine for Th17 cells. We will discuss the generation, cytokine profile, genetic control, plasticity and stemness of Th17 cells and address the role of Th17 cells and their associated cytokines in tumor immunity, and further explore the potential immunotherapy by targeting Th17 cells and their cytokines.
As a new member of the helper T cell subsets, Th17 cells have triggered more and more interest in exploring their development, regulation, function and therapeutic manipulation in distinct context since they were identified in 2005. This also causes a lot of confusion and debate about the generation and function of Th17 cells, especially their activity in the tumor immunopathology as our understanding grows. However, it is worth asserting that the most confusing part arises from the Th17-associated cytokines including IL-17 and IL-23 rather than the Th17 cells. IL-17 cytokine is not synonymous with Th17-cell subset, although IL-17 is the lineage-signature cytokine for Th17 cells. We will discuss the generation, cytokine profile, genetic control, plasticity and stemness of Th17 cells and address the role of Th17 cells and their associated cytokines in tumor immunity, and further explore the potential immunotherapy by targeting Th17 cells and their cytokines.
This book is an abridged version of Feng Qi’s two major works on the history of philosophy, The Logical Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy and The Revolutionary Course of Modern Chinese Philosophy. It is a comprehensive history of Chinese philosophy taking the reader from ancient times to the year 1949. It illuminates the characteristics of traditional Chinese philosophy from the broader vantage point of epistemology. The book revolves around important debates including those on “Heaven and humankind” (tian ren天人), “names and actualities” (mingshi名實), “principle and vital force” (liqi理氣), “the Way and visible things” (daoqi道器), “mind and matter/things” (xinwu心物), and “knowledge and action” (zhixing知行). Through discussion of these debates, the course of Chinese philosophy unfolds. Modern Chinese philosophy has made landmark achievements in the development of historical and epistemological theory, namely the “dynamic and revolutionary theory of reflection”. However, modern Chinese philosophy is yet to construct a systematic overview of logic and methodology, as well as questions of human freedom and ideals. Amid this discussion, the question of how contemporary China is to “take the baton” from the thinkers of the modern philosophical revolution is addressed.
This book reviews the historical evolution of U.S. monetary policy, and then uses various methods such as mathematical models and econometric analysis to study the impact of U.S. monetary policy adjustments on the domestic economy and the spillover effects on the world economy. Finally, it summarizes the challenges faced by the Chinese economy in the post financial crisis era and proposes relevant countermeasures and suggestions for China to respond to U.S. monetary policy adjustments.
This volumes provides a comprehensive review of interactions between differential geometry and theoretical physics, contributed by many leading scholars in these fields. The contributions promise to play an important role in promoting the developments in these exciting areas. Besides the plenary talks, the coverage includes: models and related topics in statistical physics; quantum fields, strings and M-theory; Yang-Mills fields, knot theory and related topics; K-theory, including index theory and non-commutative geometry; mirror symmetry, conformal and topological quantum field theory; development of integrable systems; and random matrix theory.
This book explores how social trust impacts the Chinese economy. Due to the profound social changes brought by rapid urbanization, China's traditional social trust system gradually weakens. How to rebuild and enhance social credit remains as a key and difficult project. Exploring case studies from the real estate market, private banking, and urban financing, this book explores the value of informal social links to the economic functions of a society and how to rebuild them when they erode. This is of interest to scholars of China's economy and society.
Weiping Liu contends that the impacts of learning environments on Chinese only children must be studied from a bioecological systems perspective by considering the direct and joint effects of learning environments and personality within the macro-environments of culture, public policy etc. Samples were chosen randomly from the 1980s and 1990s Chinese only children (N=2105) ranging from junior high, senior high and college students in east, middle and west China. With data analyses such as exploratory factor analysis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis, MANOVA and ANOVA, hypotheses formulated on these research purposes were tested to be true, especially, in terms of desirable learning outcomes. The author also provided practical and theoretical discussions.
Our biological system is enriched with enzyme-catalyzed (or enzymatic) reactions that mediate a great multitude of life processes such as gene transcription and metabolism, and the inappropriately up-regulated activity of these enzymatic reactions is a major cause of human diseases such as cancer and metabolic diseases. Therefore, the inhibitors of enzymatic reactions (generally called enzyme inhibitors) constitute a major class of therapeutic agents on the global drug market. One question would then be how to efficiently design enzyme inhibitors. This handbook is the first of its kind in the field, introducing to its readers in a single book the concepts whose exploitation has been demonstrated to be successful in efficiently furnishing effective active site-directed inhibitors for various enzymatic reactions. The book is organized by different concepts and for each concept there is a delineation of its mode of working and its applications with different types of enzymatic reactions. Active Site-directed Enzyme Inhibitors will help its readers to quickly and efficiently obtain effective active site-directed inhibitors for any of the enzymatic reactions under study without a need to resort to library screening- and biostructure-based techniques. This handbook is ideal as an immediate resource for researchers to consult or for students to supplement their study in medicinal chemistry and related courses.
This book states that the major aim audience are people who have some familiarity with Internet of things (IoT) but interested to get a comprehensive interpretation of the role of deep Learning in maintaining the security and privacy of IoT. A reader should be friendly with Python and the basics of machine learning and deep learning. Interpretation of statistics and probability theory will be a plus but is not certainly vital for identifying most of the book's material.
Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructured Materials: Fabrication, Properties, and Applications presents the latest fabrication, properties, and applications of hierarchical micro/nanostructured materials in two sections—powders and arrays. After a general introduction to hierarchical micro/nanostructured materials, the first section begins with a detailed discussion of the methods of mass production for hierarchical micro/nanostructured powders, including structure-directed solvothermal routes, template-etching strategies, and electrospinning technologies. It then proceeds to address structurally enhanced adsorption and photocatalytic performances. The second section describes strategies for the fabrication of hierarchical micro/nanostructured object arrays and their devices, such as modified colloidal lithographies-based solution and electrodeposition. It also examines the structure-dependent properties and performances of the micro/nanostructured arrays, including surface wettability, optical properties, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effects, and gas-sensing performances. In its cutting-edge coverage, Hierarchical Micro/Nanostructured Materials: Fabrication, Properties, and Applications explores the use of hierarchical micro/nanostructured materials in environmental remediation and detection devices, commenting on future trends and applications in catalysis, integrated nanophotonics, optical devices, super-high density storage media, sensors, nanobiotechnology, SERS substrates, and more.
This book focuses on target tracking and information fusion with random finite sets. Both principles and implementations have been addressed, with more weight placed on engineering implementations. This is achieved by providing in-depth study on a number of major topics such as the probability hypothesis density (PHD), cardinalized PHD, multi-Bernoulli (MB), labeled MB (LMB), d-generalized LMB (d-GLMB), marginalized d-GLMB, together with their Gaussian mixture and sequential Monte Carlo implementations. Five extended applications are covered, which are maneuvering target tracking, target tracking for Doppler radars, track-before-detect for dim targets, target tracking with non-standard measurements, and target tracking with multiple distributed sensors. The comprehensive and systematic summarization in target tracking with RFSs is one of the major features of the book, which is particularly suited for readers who are interested to learn solutions in target tracking with RFSs. The book benefits researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of random finite sets, target tracking, sensor fusion/data fusion/information fusion, etc.
This book conducts systematic theoretical research on the social mechanism running system based on China's targeted poverty alleviation model and poverty reduction experience. In light of the theories of Parsons’ structural functionalism, Luhmann’s social system theory, and Merton's structural functionalism, this book puts forward the "coupling" theory of China's targeted poverty alleviation strategy. From the theoretical level, the operation process of poverty reduction policy is a complex social system. The "coupling" theory of China's targeted poverty alleviation strategy is mainly a theoretical innovation for the general expression of China's targeted poverty alleviation model. In terms of the design and running process of the targeted poverty alleviation strategy, the multilevelness of antipoverty and the heterogeneity of poverty objects reflect the complexity of poverty reduction, which displays systematic complexity in the structural evolution and functional differentiation of poverty reduction, as well as the evolution of the subjective intention of poverty objects. Therefore, this book conducts a "systematic" analysis of the implementation conditions and operation process of targeted poverty alleviation from the perspective of "coupling," presenting a social practice mechanism in which multiple systems coordinate and interact with each other, the poverty reduction system is continuously optimized, and policy effectiveness is continuously improved in China's poverty reduction practice.
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