The Struggles of an Ordinary Man - The Turbulent History of China Through a Farmer's Eyes from 1900 to 2000 (Volume Two)" is the true record of one hundred years of modern history in rural areas of the Eastern Shandong Peninsula from the 1900 to 2000, including the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Anti-Japanese War (1938-1945), China's War of Liberation (1945-1949), the development of China after liberation (1950-1957), the Great Leap Forward Movement (1958-1959), the Three-year Disaster (1960-1962), the Socialist Education Movement (1964-1965), the Great Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), and the reform and opening up of China (1978-2000). This work, with the spirit of unvarnished realism and true-life style, illustrates the actual life and inner mind of an ordinary man in rural areas, and through his eyes to see the significant changes of China during the past one hundred years.
Based on AI and machine learning, this book systematically presents the theories and methods for complex electro-mechanical system fault prognosis, intelligent diagnosis, and health state assessment in modern industry. The book emphasizes feature extraction, incipient fault prediction, fault classification, and degradation assessment, which are based on supervised-, semi-supervised-, manifold-, and deep learning; machinery degradation state tracking and prognosis by phase space reconstruction; and complex electro-mechanical system reliability assessment and health maintenance based on running state info. These theories and methods are integrated with practical industrial applications, which can help the readers get into the field more smoothly and provide an important reference for their study, research, and engineering practice.
Advanced Seat Suspension Control System Design for Heavy Duty Vehicles provides systematic knowledge of the advanced seat suspension design and control for heavy duty vehicles. Nowadays, people are paying more and more attention to ride comfort and the health of drivers and passengers. This is especially for heavy duty vehicles, where drivers/operators are exposed to much severer vibrations than those in passenger vehicles due to a harsh working environment, operating conditions, and long hour driving, etc. Seat suspension systems can effectively help to suppress the high magnitude vibration transmitted to drivers with relatively simple structure and low cost, and hence are widely adopted in heavy duty vehicles. This book helps researchers and engineers to have a comprehensive understanding of the seat suspension system and to conduct in-depth studies on seat suspension design and control; this book covers a wide range of perspectives about seat suspension design and control methods. - Describes the variable damping, variable stiffness, and, especially, variable inertance seat suspensions - Provides the advanced and comprehensive knowledge about semi-active vibration control - Introduces the multiple-DOF seat suspension - Includes the innovative hybrid seat suspension and nonlinear seat suspension - All the introduced designs have been prototyped and experimentally validated - Provides Matlab Simulation programming codes
This book covers connectivity and edge computing solutions for representative Internet of Things (IoT) use cases, including industrial IoT, rural IoT, Internet of Vehicles (IoV), and mobile virtual reality (VR). Based on their unique characteristics and requirements, customized solutions are designed with targets such as supporting massive connections or seamless mobility and achieving low latency or high energy efficiency. Meanwhile, the book highlights the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in future IoT networks and showcases AI-based connectivity and edge computing solutions. The solutions presented in this book serve the overall purpose of facilitating an increasingly connected and intelligent world. The potential benefits of the solutions include increased productivity in factories, improved connectivity in rural areas, enhanced safety for vehicles, and enriched entertainment experiences for mobile users. Featuring state-of-the-art research in the IoT field, this book can help answer the question of how to connect billions of diverse devices and enable seamless data collection and processing in future IoT. The content also provides insights regarding the significance of customizing use case-specific solutions as well as approaches of using various AI methods to empower IoT. This book targets researchers and graduate students working in the areas of electrical engineering, computing engineering, and computer science as a secondary textbook or reference. Professionals in industry who work in the field of IoT will also find this book useful.
The aim of this book is to extend the application field of 'anomalous diffusion', and describe the newly built models and the simulation techniques to the models.The book first introduces 'anomalous diffusion' from the statistical physics point of view, then discusses the models characterizing anomalous diffusion and its applications, including the Fokker-Planck equation, the Feymann-Kac equations describing the functional distribution of the anomalous trajectories of the particles, and also the microscopic model — Langevin type equation. The second main part focuses on providing the high accuracy schemes for these kinds of models, and the corresponding convergence and stability analysis.
This book provides a timely and comprehensive study of developing efficient network slicing frameworks in both 5G wireless and core networks. It also presents protocol stack layer perspectives, which includes virtual network topology design, end-to-end delay modeling, dynamic resource slicing, and link-layer and transport-layer protocol customization. This book provides basic principles, concepts and technologies for communication, computing and networking. Optimization and queueing analysis techniques are applied to solving different problems for network slicing illustrated in this book as well. Researchers working in the area of network slicing in 5G networks and beyond, and advanced-level students majoring in electrical engineering, computer engineering and computer science will find this book useful as a reference or secondary textbook. Professionals in industry seeking solutions to resource management for 5G networks and beyond will also want to purchase this book.
Interaction in Mandarin Chinese and English as a Multilingua Franca: Context, Practice, and Perception proposes a model of context, practice, and perception and raises awareness of the importance of understanding language use and perception in context in order to avoid intercultural communication misunderstandings. This book provides an overview of previous research on the pragmatics of Chinese and English as a multilingua franca in multilingual contexts. It argues that context is socioculturally shaped, interactionally constructed, and personally related. Context can influence and be established by the practice and perception of communicative acts. This book also combines the proposed model with the discursive-interactional approach to uncover the interplay of context, practice, and perception of extended concurrent speech for strong disagreement by native Chinese speakers in spontaneous conversations in Mandarin and English as a multilingua franca.
This book discusses the intelligent optimization and control of complex metallurgical processes, including intelligent optimization and control of raw-material proportioning processes, coking process, and reheating furnaces; intelligent control of thermal state parameters in sintering processes; and intelligent decoupling control of gas collection and mixing-and-pressurization processes. The intelligent control and optimization methods presented were originally applied to complex metallurgical processes by the authors, and their effectiveness and their advantages have been theoretically proven and demonstrated practically. This book offers an up-to-date overview of this active research area, and provides readers with state-of-the-art methods for the control of complex metallurgical processes.
This book focuses on target tracking and information fusion with random finite sets. Both principles and implementations have been addressed, with more weight placed on engineering implementations. This is achieved by providing in-depth study on a number of major topics such as the probability hypothesis density (PHD), cardinalized PHD, multi-Bernoulli (MB), labeled MB (LMB), d-generalized LMB (d-GLMB), marginalized d-GLMB, together with their Gaussian mixture and sequential Monte Carlo implementations. Five extended applications are covered, which are maneuvering target tracking, target tracking for Doppler radars, track-before-detect for dim targets, target tracking with non-standard measurements, and target tracking with multiple distributed sensors. The comprehensive and systematic summarization in target tracking with RFSs is one of the major features of the book, which is particularly suited for readers who are interested to learn solutions in target tracking with RFSs. The book benefits researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of random finite sets, target tracking, sensor fusion/data fusion/information fusion, etc.
This brief focuses on medium access control (MAC) in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), and presents VeMAC, a novel MAC scheme based on distributed time division multiple access (TDMA) for VANETs. The performance of VeMAC is evaluated via mathematical analysis and computer simulations in comparison with other existing MAC protocols, including the IEEE 802.11p standard. This brief aims at proposing TDMA as a suitable MAC scheme for VANETs, which can support the quality-of-service requirements of high priority VANET applications.
This book presents the current research on safety message dissemination in vehicular networks, covering medium access control and relay selection for multi-hop safety message broadcast. Along with an overall overview of the architecture, characteristics, and applications of vehicular networks, the authors discuss the challenging issues in the research on performance improvement for safety applications, and provide a comprehensive review of the research literature.A cross layer broadcast protocol is included to support efficient safety message broadcast by jointly considering geographical location, physical-layer channel condition, and moving velocity of vehicles in the highway scenario. To further support multi-hop safety message broadcast in a complex road layout, the authors propose an urban multi-hop broadcast protocol that utilizes a novel forwarding node selection scheme. Additionally, a busy tone based medium access control scheme is designed to provide strict priority to safety applications in vehicle-to-infrastructure communications.This book offers useful insights into protocol design and inspires a new line of thinking in performance improvements for safety applications in vehicular networks. It is a valuable resource for professionals, researchers, or advanced-level students working in vehicular networks or quality of service.
This book demonstrates that the reliable and secure communication performance of maritime communications can be significantly improved by using intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) aided communication, privacy-aware Internet of Things (IoT) communications, intelligent resource management and location privacy protection. In the IRS aided maritime communication system, the reflecting elements of IRS can be intelligently controlled to change the phase of signal, and finally enhance the received signal strength of maritime ships (or sensors) or jam maritime eavesdroppers illustrated in this book. The power and spectrum resource in maritime communications can be jointly optimized to guarantee the quality of service (i.e., security and reliability requirements), and reinforcement leaning is adopted to smartly choose the resource allocation strategy. Moreover, learning based privacy-aware offloading and location privacy protection are proposed to intelligently guarantee the privacy-preserving requirements of maritime ships or (sensors). Therefore, these communication schemes based on reinforcement learning algorithms can help maritime communication systems to improve the information security, especially in dynamic and complex maritime environments. This timely book also provides broad coverage of the maritime wireless communication issues, such as reliability, security, resource management, and privacy protection. Reinforcement learning based methods are applied to solve these issues. This book includes four rigorously refereed chapters from prominent international researchers working in this subject area. The material serves as a useful reference for researchers, graduate students. Practitioners seeking solutions to maritime wireless communication and security related issues will benefit from this book as well.
Dynamics of Coupled Systems in High-Speed Railways: Theory and Practice presents the relationship between various coupled systems that can affect train operation, including interaction between track and train, the pantograph-catenary system and train, power supply system and train, and airflow and train, with respect to the structure and characteristics of high-speed railway. The overall simulation optimization and control are achieved based on an analysis of the dynamics generated by coupled systems in high-speed trains, with a theoretical framework for the dynamics presented in the book. Presents the first book available on the dynamics of coupled systems in high-speed trains Provides a systematic view of high-speed vehicle dynamics, covering the issues that are especially concerned for high speed operations, such as high-speed pantograph and catenary, aerodynamic characteristics and running stability of high-speed trains Covers the optimization of dynamic performance, the design of parameters, the simulation of high-speed train service processes, and the identification of high-speed train state and condition assessment
This book provides a timely and comprehensive study of dynamic resource management for network slicing in service-oriented fifth-generation (5G) and beyond core networks. This includes the perspective of developing efficient computation resource provisioning and scheduling solutions to guarantee consistent service performance in terms of end-to-end (E2E) data delivery delay. Network slicing is enabled by the software defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) paradigms. For a network slice with a target traffic load, the E2E service delivery is enabled by virtual network function (VNF) placement and traffic routing with static resource allocations. When data traffic enters the network, the traffic load is dynamic and can deviate from the target value, potentially leading to QoS performance degradation and network congestion. Data traffic has dynamics in different time granularities. For example, the traffic statistics (e.g., mean and variance) can be non-stationary and experience significant changes in a coarse time granularity, which are usually predictable. Within a long time duration with stationary traffic statistics, there are traffic dynamics in small timescales, which are usually highly bursty and unpredictable. To provide continuous QoS performance guarantee and ensure efficient and fair operation of the network slices over time, it is essential to develop dynamic resource management schemes for the embedded services in the presence of traffic dynamics during virtual network operation. Queueing theory is used in system modeling, and different techniques including optimization and machine learning are applied to solving the dynamic resource management problems. Based on a simplified M/M/1 queueing model with Poisson traffic arrivals, an optimization model for flow migration is presented to accommodate the large-timescale changes in the average traffic rates with average E2E delay guarantee, while addressing a trade-off between load balancing and flow migration overhead. To overcome the limitations of Poisson traffic model, the authors present a machine learning approach for dynamic VNF resource scaling and migration. The new solution captures the inherent traffic patterns in a real-world traffic trace with non-stationary traffic statistics in large timescale, predicts resource demands for VNF resource scaling, and triggers adaptive VNF migration decision making, to achieve load balancing, migration cost reduction, and resource overloading penalty suppression in the long run. Both supervised and unsupervised machine learning tools are investigated for dynamic resource management. To accommodate the traffic dynamics in small time granularities, the authors present a dynamic VNF scheduling scheme to coordinate the scheduling among VNFs of multiple services, which achieves network utility maximization with delay guarantee for each service. Researchers and graduate students working in the areas of electrical engineering, computing engineering and computer science will find this book useful as a reference or secondary text. Professionals in industry seeking solutions to dynamic resource management for 5G and beyond networks will also want to purchase this book.
This book explores the development of the Chinese animation film industry from the beginning of China’s reform process up to the present. It discusses above all the relationship between the communist state’s policies to stimulate "creative industries", concepts of creativity and aesthetics, and the creation and maintenance , through changing circumstances, of a national style by Chinese animators. The book also examines the relationship between Chinese animation, changing technologies including the rise first of television and then of digital media, and youth culture, demonstrating the importance of Chinese animation in Chinese youth culture in the digital age.
This book presents link-layer cooperative frameworks to improve transmission reliability and network throughput of distributed TDMA MAC protocols in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). The main objective of this book is to present link-layer node cooperation schemes to enhance the link-layer performance of vehicular networks, in terms of reliability and system throughput. The authors present approaches proposed for the medium access control (MAC) and node cooperation in VANETs. The authors also cover cooperative ADHOC MAC for point-to-point communication between a pair of source and destination nodes, and cooperative relay broadcasting for broadcast services in this book. The performance of node cooperation frameworks is evaluated via mathematical analysis and computer simulations, in comparison with distributed TDMA MAC protocols without cooperation. The proposed node cooperation frameworks enhance the performance of distributed TDMA MAC and make it more robust to tackle the dynamic networking conditions in VANETs. Furthermore, with cooperation enabled transmission, the performance of distributed TMDA MAC is more suitable to support the wide range of mobile applications and their strict service requirements which is discussed in this book. The proposed node cooperation schemes and distributed cooperation decisions can be extended to wireless systems other than distributed TDMA MAC, such as cellular communication, for vehicular communications introduced in this book. This book is useful for researchers from academia and industry, as well as advanced level students interested in vehicular communication networks. It is also useful for professionals and engineers developing applications that use cooperative wireless communication systems.
This book investigates statistical observables for anomalous and nonergodic dynamics, focusing on the dynamical behaviors of particles modelled by non-Brownian stochastic processes in the complex real-world environment. Statistical observables are widely used for anomalous and nonergodic stochastic systems, thus serving as a key to uncover their dynamics. This study explores the cutting edge of anomalous and nonergodic diffusion from the perspectives of mathematics, computer science, statistical and biological physics, and chemistry. With this interdisciplinary approach, multiple physical applications and mathematical issues are discussed, including stochastic and deterministic modelling, analyses of (stochastic) partial differential equations (PDEs), scientific computations and stochastic analyses, etc. Through regularity analysis, numerical scheme design and numerical experiments, the book also derives the governing equations for the probability density function of statistical observables, linking stochastic processes with PDEs. The book will appeal to both researchers of electrical engineering expert in the niche area of statistical observables and stochastic systems and scientists in a broad range of fields interested in anomalous diffusion, especially applied mathematicians and statistical physicists.
This timely book provides broad coverage of vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) issues, such as security, and network selection. Machine learning based methods are applied to solve these issues. This book also includes four rigorously refereed chapters from prominent international researchers working in this subject area. The material serves as a useful reference for researchers, graduate students, and practitioners seeking solutions to VANET communication and security related issues. This book will also help readers understand how to use machine learning to address the security and communication challenges in VANETs. Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) support vehicle-to-vehicle communications and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications to improve the transmission security, help build unmanned-driving, and support booming applications of onboard units (OBUs). The high mobility of OBUs and the large-scale dynamic network with fixed roadside units (RSUs) make the VANET vulnerable to jamming. The anti-jamming communication of VANETs can be significantly improved by using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to relay the OBU message. UAVs help relay the OBU message to improve the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio of the OBU signals, and thus reduce the bit-error-rate of the OBU message, especially if the serving RSUs are blocked by jammers and/or interference, which is also demonstrated in this book. This book serves as a useful reference for researchers, graduate students, and practitioners seeking solutions to VANET communication and security related issues.
This volume presents a pedagogical review of the functional distribution of anomalous and nonergodic diffusion and its numerical simulations, starting from the studied stochastic processes to the deterministic partial differential equations governing the probability density function of the functionals. Since the remarkable theory of Brownian motion was proposed by Einstein in 1905, it had a sustained and broad impact on diverse fields, such as physics, chemistry, biology, economics, and mathematics. The functionals of Brownian motion are later widely attractive for their extensive applications. It was Kac, who firstly realized the statistical properties of these functionals can be studied by using Feynman's path integrals.In recent decades, anomalous and nonergodic diffusions which are non-Brownian become topical issues, such as fractional Brownian motion, Lévy process, Lévy walk, among others. This volume examines the statistical properties of the non-Brownian functionals, derives the governing equations of their distributions, and shows some algorithms for solving these equations numerically.
This brief presents a stochastic microscopic mobility model that describes the temporal changes of intervehicle distances. The model is consistent with simulated and empirical vehicle traffic patterns. Using stochastic lumpability methods, the proposed mobility model is mapped into an aggregated mobility model that describes the mobility of a group of vehicles. In addition, the proposed mobility model is used to analyze the spatiotemporal VANET topology. Two metrics are proposed to characterize the impact of vehicle mobility on VANET topology: the time period between successive changes in communication link state (connection and disconnection) and the time period between successive changes in node’s one-hop neighborhood. Using the proposed lumped group mobility model, the two VANET topology metrics are probabilistically characterized for different vehicular traffic flow conditions. Furthermore, the limiting behavior of a system of two-hop vehicles and the overlap-state of their coverage ranges is modeled, and the steady-state number of common vehicle neighbors between the two vehicles is approximately derived. The proposed mobility model will facilitate mathematical analysis in VANETs. The spatiotemporal VANET topology analysis provides a useful tool for the development of mobility-aware vehicular network protocols. Mobility Modeling for Vehicular Communication Networks is designed for researchers, developers, and professionals involved with vehicular communications. It is also suitable for advanced-level students interested in communications, transport infrastructure, and infotainment applications.
This brief focuses on radio resource allocation in a heterogeneous wireless medium. It presents radio resource allocation algorithms with decentralized implementation, which support both single-network and multi-homing services. The brief provides a set of cooperative networking algorithms, which rely on the concepts of short-term call traffic load prediction, network cooperation, convex optimization, and decomposition theory. In the proposed solutions, mobile terminals play an active role in the resource allocation operation, instead of their traditional role as passive service recipients in the networking environment.
Based on AI and machine learning, this book systematically presents the theories and methods for complex electro-mechanical system fault prognosis, intelligent diagnosis, and health state assessment in modern industry. The book emphasizes feature extraction, incipient fault prediction, fault classification, and degradation assessment, which are based on supervised-, semi-supervised-, manifold-, and deep learning; machinery degradation state tracking and prognosis by phase space reconstruction; and complex electro-mechanical system reliability assessment and health maintenance based on running state info. These theories and methods are integrated with practical industrial applications, which can help the readers get into the field more smoothly and provide an important reference for their study, research, and engineering practice.
Advanced Seat Suspension Control System Design for Heavy Duty Vehicles provides systematic knowledge of the advanced seat suspension design and control for heavy duty vehicles. Nowadays, people are paying more and more attention to ride comfort and the health of drivers and passengers. This is especially for heavy duty vehicles, where drivers/operators are exposed to much severer vibrations than those in passenger vehicles due to a harsh working environment, operating conditions, and long hour driving, etc. Seat suspension systems can effectively help to suppress the high magnitude vibration transmitted to drivers with relatively simple structure and low cost, and hence are widely adopted in heavy duty vehicles. This book helps researchers and engineers to have a comprehensive understanding of the seat suspension system and to conduct in-depth studies on seat suspension design and control; this book covers a wide range of perspectives about seat suspension design and control methods. - Describes the variable damping, variable stiffness, and, especially, variable inertance seat suspensions - Provides the advanced and comprehensive knowledge about semi-active vibration control - Introduces the multiple-DOF seat suspension - Includes the innovative hybrid seat suspension and nonlinear seat suspension - All the introduced designs have been prototyped and experimentally validated - Provides Matlab Simulation programming codes
This book covers connectivity and edge computing solutions for representative Internet of Things (IoT) use cases, including industrial IoT, rural IoT, Internet of Vehicles (IoV), and mobile virtual reality (VR). Based on their unique characteristics and requirements, customized solutions are designed with targets such as supporting massive connections or seamless mobility and achieving low latency or high energy efficiency. Meanwhile, the book highlights the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in future IoT networks and showcases AI-based connectivity and edge computing solutions. The solutions presented in this book serve the overall purpose of facilitating an increasingly connected and intelligent world. The potential benefits of the solutions include increased productivity in factories, improved connectivity in rural areas, enhanced safety for vehicles, and enriched entertainment experiences for mobile users. Featuring state-of-the-art research in the IoT field, this book can help answer the question of how to connect billions of diverse devices and enable seamless data collection and processing in future IoT. The content also provides insights regarding the significance of customizing use case-specific solutions as well as approaches of using various AI methods to empower IoT. This book targets researchers and graduate students working in the areas of electrical engineering, computing engineering, and computer science as a secondary textbook or reference. Professionals in industry who work in the field of IoT will also find this book useful.
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