Collaboration among scholars has always been recognized as a fundamental feature of scientific discovery. The ever-increasing diversity among disciplines and complexity of research problems makes it even more compelling to collaborate in order to keep up with the fast pace of innovation and advance knowledge. Along with the rapidly developing Internet communication technologies and the increasing popularity of the social web, we have observed many important developments of scholarly collaboration on the academic social web. In this book, we review the rapid transformation of scholarly collaboration on various academic social web platforms and examine how these platforms have facilitated academics throughout their research lifecycle—from forming ideas, collecting data, and authoring articles to disseminating findings. We refer to the term "academic social web platforms" in this book as a category of Web 2.0 tools or online platforms (such as CiteULike, Mendeley, Academia.edu, and ResearchGate) that enable and facilitate scholarly information exchange and participation. We will also examine scholarly collaboration behaviors including sharing academic resources, exchanging opinions, following each other's research, keeping up with current research trends, and, most importantly, building up their professional networks. Inspired by the model developed Olson et al. [2000] on factors for successful scientific collaboration, our examination of the status of scholarly collaboration on the academic social web has four emphases: technology readiness, coupling work, building common ground, and collaboration readiness. Finally, we talk about the insights and challenges of all these online scholarly collaboration activities imposed on the research communities who are engaging in supporting online scholarly collaboration. This book aims to help researchers and practitioners understand the development of scholarly collaboration on the academic social web, and to build up an active community of scholars who are interested in this topic.
This new edition includes approximately 30% new materials covering the following information that has been added to this important work: extends the contents on Li-ion batteries detailing the positive and negative electrodes and characteristics and other components including binder, electrolyte, separator and foils, and the structure of Li-ion battery cell. Nickel-cadmium batteries are deleted. adds a new section presenting the modelling of multi-mode electrically variable transmission, which gradually became the main structure of the hybrid power-train during the last 5 years. newly added chapter on noise and vibration of hybrid vehicles introduces the basics of vibration and noise issues associated with power-train, driveline and vehicle vibrations, and addresses control solutions to reduce the noise and vibration levels. Chapter 10 (chapter 9 of the first edition) is extended by presenting EPA and UN newly required test drive schedules and test procedures for hybrid electric mileage calculation for window sticker considerations. In addition to the above major changes in this second edition, adaptive charging sustaining point determination method is presented to have a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle with optimum performance.
This is an engineering reference book on hybrid vehicle system analysis and design, an outgrowth of the author's substantial work in research, development and production at the National Research Council Canada, Azure Dynamics and now General Motors. It is an irreplaceable tool for helping engineers develop algorithms and gain a thorough understanding of hybrid vehicle systems. This book covers all the major aspects of hybrid vehicle modeling, control, simulation, performance analysis and preliminary design. It not only systemically provides the basic knowledge of hybrid vehicle system configuration and main components, but also details their characteristics and mathematic models. Provides valuable technical expertise necessary for building hybrid vehicle system and analyzing performance via drivability, fuel economy and emissions Built from the author's industry experience at major vehicle companies including General Motors and Azure Dynamics Inc. Offers algorithm implementations and figures/examples extracted from actual practice systems Suitable for a training course on hybrid vehicle system development with supplemental materials An essential resource enabling hybrid development and design engineers to understand the hybrid vehicle systems necessary for control algorithm design and developments.
Flaps and Reconstructive Surgery, by Drs. Fu-Chan Wei and Samir Mardini, explains how to achieve excellent results while performing all major conventional and perforator flaps used as both pedicled and free flap procedures. Respected microsurgeons from around the world describe how to use these flaps to reconstruct particular defects around the body. Videos demonstrate the entire spectrum of surgical reconstructive procedures and flaps, while high-quality illustrations, clear photographs and detailed case studies provide examples to help you achieve best possible outcomes. See how to make optimal use of perforator flaps for reconstruction of the mandible, maxilla, forehead, lower extremity ... pedicled flaps for reconstruction of shoulder motion in brachial plexus palsy ... anterolateral thigh flaps for reconstruction of defects in the head and neck, upper extremity, and lower extremity ... temporoparietal fascia flap for ear reconstruction ... nerve grafts for obstetric brachial plexus palsy reconstruction ... groin flaps for hand reconstruction ... harvest of the trimmed great toe, second toe, and combined second and third toe for hand and finger reconstruction ... harvest of the radial forearm flap ... exposure of recipient vessels in the facial artery and vein, transverse cervical artery and vein, and superficial temporal artery and vein ... and much more. Benefit from the knowledge, experience and unique insight of many of the world's most respected reconstructive micro surgeons. Watch surgeons perform procedures in real time with an unparalleled two-hour video collection that demonstrates harvest of the fibula flap for use in mandible reconstruction, the jejunum for esophagus reconstruction, and the SIEA, DIEP and IGAP flaps for breast reconstruction ... functioning muscle transfers for a variety of defects, including the gracilis muscle for facial reanimation and the gracilis musculocutaneous flap for finger flexion reconstruction with innervation using the intercostal nerves ... lymphaticovenous anastomoses and microvascular anastomosis of the artery using suture techniques and anastomosis of the vein ... and many other essential techniques. Visualize what to look for and how to proceed with high-quality illustrations of regional anatomy, flap anatomy, and step-by-step flap dissections, as well as clear photographs demonstrating successful reconstructions. Read detailed case studies that illustrate how to optimize every aspect of the care of the reconstructive surgery patient, including the postoperative period and long-term follow-up.
Summarizing our current knowledge of the topic, this book describes the roles and effects of hydrogen bonding in polymer materials by reviewing the latest developments over recent years. To this end, it discusses all relevant aspects from the fundamentals, via characterization, to properties and applications in various polymeric materials, including polymer blends, block copolymers, mesoporous materials, biomacromolecules and nanocomposites. Invaluable reading for scientists in polymers and materials as well as those working in macromolecular chemistry.
Practical applications and examples highlight this treatment of computational modeling for handling complex flowfields. A reference for researchers and graduate students of many different backgrounds, it also functions as a text for learning essential computation elements. Drawing upon his own research, the author addresses both macroscopic and microscopic features. He begins his three-part treatment with a survey of the basic concepts of finite difference schemes for solving parabolic, elliptic, and hyperbolic partial differential equations. The second part concerns issues related to computational modeling for fluid flow and transport phenomena. In addition to a focus on pressure-based methods, this section also discusses practical engineering applications. The third and final part explores the transport processes involving interfacial dynamics, particularly those influenced by phase change, gravity, and capillarity. Case studies, employing previously discussed methods, demonstrate the interplay between the fluid and thermal transport at macroscopic scales and their interaction with the interfacial transport.
3D printed electronics have captured much attention in recent years, owing to their success in allowing on-demand fabrication of highly-customisable electronics on a wide variety of substrates and conformal surfaces. This textbook helps readers understand and gain valuable insights into 3D printed electronics. It does not require readers to have any prior knowledge on the subject.3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing of Electronics: Principles and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress and discusses the fundamentals of the 3D printed electronics technologies, their respective advantages, shortcomings and potential applications. The book covers conventional contact printing techniques for printed electronics, 3D electronics printing techniques, materials and inks inks for 3D-printed electronics, substrates and processing for 3D-printed electronics, sintering techniques for metallic nanoparticle inks, designs and simulations, applications of 3D-printed electronics, and future trends. The book includes several related problems for the reader to test his or her understanding of the topics.This book is a good guide for anyone who is interested in the 3D printing of electronics. The book is also an effective textbook for undergraduate and graduate courses that aim to arm their students with a thorough understanding of the fundamentals of 3D printed electronics.Related Link(s)
Provides detailed descriptions of organic, inorganic, and hybrid solar cells and the latest developments in the quest to produce low-cost, long-lasting solar cells What will it take to transform solar energy from an important alternative source to a truly competitive and, perhaps, dominant one? Lower cost and longer life. Organic, Inorganic, and Hybrid Solar Cells: Principles and Practice provides in-depth information on the three types of existing solar cells, giving readers a good foundation for evaluating the technologies with the most potential for competing with energy from fossil fuels. Featuring a Foreword written by Nobel Peace Prize co-winner Dr. Woodrow W. Clark, this timely and comprehensive guide: Focuses on the realization of low-cost and long-life solar cells study and applications Reviews the properties of inorganic materials, primarily semiconductors Explores the electrical and optical properties of organic materials Discusses the interfacing of organic and inorganic materials: compatibility of deposition, the adhesion problem, formation of surface states, and band-level realignment Provides a detailed description of organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells, from the basic principles to practical devices Introduces a sandwiched structure for hybrid solar cells, which combines a far lower production cost than inorganic solar cells while stabilizing and extending the life of organic material far beyond that of organic solar cells Organic, Inorganic, and Hybrid Solar Cells: Principles and Practice is a first-rate professional reference for electrical engineers and important supplemental reading for graduate students in related areas of study.
This book presents a series of over 50 cases in 3D transesophageal echocardiography. In each case, background information is followed by a step-by-step approach to patient diagnosis and postoperative outcomes. The book’s most outstanding highlight consists in over 600 illustrations, which mainly focus on 3D transesophageal echocardiography in combination with 2D transesophageal echocardiography, X-ray fluoroscopy and computed tomography to demonstrate the various cardiovascular pathologies. Since the echo images obtained in clinic practice are moving images, it also includes more than 450 videos, which effectively supplement the static illustrations. The atlas is divided into 11 chapters. Chapters 1 through 3 describe abnormalities affecting mitral, aortic, tricuspid and pulmonary valves, while prosthetic valves are discussed in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 details abnormalities of the aorta. Chapters 6-8 examine coronary artery disease, congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathies, while Chapter 9 explores cases of infective endocarditis. Chapter 10 deals with tumor and mass lesions, and the other cases are collectively addressed in Chapter 11. In this second edition, authors add 3-5 new cases at each chapter. Now new technology in 3D TEE rendering technology such as TruVue, a kind of post processing techniques, is also included. Offering a valuable new resource, the book will enhance the usefulness of echocardiography during operations as a “third eye” for surgeons. With the advances in technology, clinicians are using three‐dimensional (3D) transoesophageal echocardiographic imaging is crucial for device selection during the procedure and to assess the functional result after procedure.
The book contains papers presented at a meeting by eucalyptus experts, scholars, consultants and company managers from different countries and regions. The authors report: (1) the most recent advances in eucalyptus research from different perspectives ? genetics, breeding, cultivation techniques, soil nutrition, plantation management, wood utilization, etc.; (2) the world-wide extension and development of the cultivated eucalyptus as a strategic forest tree with great economic, environmental and social significance; (3) plantation management merging ecological, environmental and legal concerns in operations practised by the private sector; (4) new approaches to utilization of eucalyptus woods. This book also represents a successful combination of academic research and practical operation in managing commercial eucalyptus plantations.
This book provides readers the fundamentals of optical metrology for precision engineering. The next-generation measurement technologies based on ultrashort pulse laser and optical frequency comb are also presented, making it an essential reference book for various engineering fields. • Introduces fundamental theories and techniques • Combines theories with practical applications • Presents technologies in an easy-to-understand way
This atlas is designed to be a user-friendly bench-side reference for pathology trainees and general pathologists in handling and interpreting specimens of hepatocellular carcinoma. It provides over 550 high-quality gross and microscopic photos focusing on hepatocellular carcinoma and its mimickers, and demonstrating a full range of various histological variants of hepatocellular carcinoma. Introductory text in each chapter summarises salient clinical associations, pathological features, and molecular alterations of different variants of hepatocellular carcinoma. Differentiation between hepatocellular carcinoma and its mimickers is illustrated through various case studies. The authors are nationally and internationally recognized hepatopathologists in the Asian-Pacific regions (Hong Kong, Korea, the Philippines, and Singapore), in which the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is high.The authors are nationally and internationally recognized hepatopathologists in the Asian-Pacific regions (Hong Kong, Korea, the Philippines, and Singapore), in which the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is high.The authors are nationally and internationally recognized hepatopathologists in the Asian-Pacific regions (Hong Kong, Korea, the Philippines, and Singapore), in which the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is high.The authors are nationally and internationally recognized hepatopathologists in the Asian-Pacific regions (Hong Kong, Korea, the Philippines, and Singapore), in which the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is high.The authors are nationally and internationally recognized hepatopathologists in the Asian-Pacific regions (Hong Kong, Korea, the Philippines, and Singapore), in which the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is high./divThe authors are nationally and internationally recognized hepatopathologists in the Asian-Pacific regions (Hong Kong, Korea, the Philippines, and Singapore), in which the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is high./divThe authors are nationally and internationally recognized hepatopathologists in the Asian-Pacific regions (Hong Kong, Korea, the Philippines, and Singapore), in which the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is high./div
The aggressive scaling of CMOS technology has inevitably led to vastly increased power dissipation, process variability and reliability degradation, posing tremendous challenges to robust circuit design. To continue the success of integrated circuits, advanced design research must start in parallel with or even ahead of technology development. This new paradigm requires the Predictive Technology Model (PTM) for future technology generations, including nanoscale CMOS and post-silicon devices. This paper presents a comprehensive set of predictive modeling developments. Starting from the PTM of traditional CMOS devices, it extends to CMOS alternatives at the end of the silicon roadmap, such as strained Si, high-k/metal gate, and FinFET devices. The impact of process variation and the aging effect is further captured by modeling the device parameters under the influence. Beyond the silicon roadmap, the PTM outreaches to revolutionary devices, especially carbon-based transistor and interconnect, in order to support explorative design research. Overall, these predictive device models enable early stage design exploration with increasing technology diversity, helping shed light on the opportunities and challenges in the nanoelectronics era.
Information Architecture is about organizing and simplifying information, designing and integrating information spaces/systems, and creating ways for people to find and interact with information content. Its goal is to help people understand and manage information and make the right decisions accordingly. This updated and revised edition of the book looks at integrated information spaces in the web context and beyond, with a focus on putting theories and principles into practice. In the ever-changing social, organizational, and technological contexts, information architects not only design individual information spaces (e.g., websites, software applications, and mobile devices), but also tackle strategic aggregation and integration of multiple information spaces across websites, channels, modalities, and platforms. Not only do they create predetermined navigation pathways, but they also provide tools and rules for people to organize information on their own and get connected with others. Information architects work with multi-disciplinary teams to determine the user experience strategy based on user needs and business goals, and make sure the strategy gets carried out by following the user-centered design (UCD) process via close collaboration with others. Drawing on the authors’ extensive experience as HCI researchers, User Experience Design practitioners, and Information Architecture instructors, this book provides a balanced view of the IA discipline by applying theories, design principles, and guidelines to IA and UX practices. It also covers advanced topics such as iterative design, UX decision support, and global and mobile IA considerations. Major revisions include moving away from a web-centric view toward multi-channel, multi-device experiences. Concepts such as responsive design, emerging design principles, and user-centered methods such as Agile, Lean UX, and Design Thinking are discussed and related to IA processes and practices.
This SpringerBrief explores the physiological roles of Skp1-Cullin1-F-box Complex (SCF) and Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC) in normal cells and in tumor formation. These two related, multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase enzymes, APC and SCF are thought to be the major driving forces governing proper cell cycle progression. Defective cell cycle regulation leads to genomic instability and ultimately, cancer development. Selective degradation of key cell cycle regulators by the ubiquitin-proteasome system has been proven to be a major regulatory mechanism for ensuring ordered and coordinated cell cycle progression. The SCF and APC E3 ligases have been characterized to play pivotal roles in regulating the cell cycle progression by timely degrading various critical cell cycle regulators. This Brief reviews recent studies that have shown that deregulation of signaling pathways in which the two ubiquitin ligases are involved causes aberrant cell cycle regulation, in turn leading to tumorigenesis. The text also discusses how SCF and APC may present promising therapeutic targets to treat various cancers.
A research tool for scholars studying modern China, particularly those focusing on the post-1949 communal system and economy. The work includes full bibliographic references to some 2,800 essay, articles, pamphlets, and other materials in Chinese taken from more than 130 publications, primarily from mainland. The entries are arranged are arranged topically with annotations. Includes a geographic index to the communes referred to in the listed items.
The global market for polymeric membranes used in water and wastewater treatment is experiencing robust growth, with polyamide (PA) thin film composite (TFC) membranes dominating reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) processes. This monograph presents the latest trends in characterization techniques for PA TFC membranes and provides the most current and relevant information on these techniques tailored specifically for TFC NF and RO membranes. Features • Focuses solely on the characterization of PA TFC membranes used in water and wastewater treatment. • Provides the latest insights into employing advanced and emerging characterization tools to analyze the intrinsic properties of the PA selective layer and evaluate the overall performance of PA TFC membranes during filtration processes. • Extensively examines the strengths and limitations of each membrane characterization tool, offering in-depth analyses for readers. This book is an indispensable reference and practical guide for advanced students, researchers, and scientists involved in NF and RO membrane fabrication and characterization, including those in the fields of chemical, materials, and environmental engineering.
This book explores Information theory (IT) tools, which have become state of the art to solve and understand better many of the problems in visualization. This book covers all relevant literature up to date. It is the first book solely devoted to this subject, written by leading experts in the field.
Big Mechanisms in Systems Biology: Big Data Mining, Network Modeling, and Genome-Wide Data Identification explains big mechanisms of systems biology by system identification and big data mining methods using models of biological systems. Systems biology is currently undergoing revolutionary changes in response to the integration of powerful technologies. Faced with a large volume of available literature, complicated mechanisms, small prior knowledge, few classes on the topics, and causal and mechanistic language, this is an ideal resource. This book addresses system immunity, regulation, infection, aging, evolution, and carcinogenesis, which are complicated biological systems with inconsistent findings in existing resources. These inconsistencies may reflect the underlying biology time-varying systems and signal transduction events that are often context-dependent, which raises a significant problem for mechanistic modeling since it is not clear which genes/proteins to include in models or experimental measurements. The book is a valuable resource for bioinformaticians and members of several areas of the biomedical field who are interested in an in-depth understanding on how to process and apply great amounts of biological data to improve research. - Written in a didactic manner in order to explain how to investigate Big Mechanisms by big data mining and system identification - Provides more than 140 diagrams to illustrate Big Mechanism in systems biology - Presents worked examples in each chapter
Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) CMOS technology has been regarded as another major technology for VLSI in addition to bulk CMOS technology. Owing to the buried oxide structure, SOI technology offers superior CMOS devices with higher speed, high density, and reduced second order effects for deep-submicron low-voltage, low-power VLSI circuits applications. In addition to VLSI applications, and because of its outstanding properties, SOI technology has been used to realize communication circuits, microwave devices, BICMOS devices, and even fiber optics applications. CMOS VLSI Engineering: Silicon-On-Insulator addresses three key factors in engineering SOI CMOS VLSI - processing technology, device modelling, and circuit designs are all covered with their mutual interactions. Starting from the SOI CMOS processing technology and the SOI CMOS digital and analog circuits, behaviors of the SOI CMOS devices are presented, followed by a CAD program, ST-SPICE, which incorporates models for deep-submicron fully-depleted mesa-isolated SOI CMOS devices and special purpose SOI devices including polysilicon TFTs. CMOS VLSI Engineering: Silicon-On-Insulator is written for undergraduate senior students and first-year graduate students interested in CMOS VLSI. It will also be suitable for electrical engineering professionals interested in microelectronics.
This issue of Clinics in Plastic Surgery, edited by Drs. Fu-Chan Wei and Nidal Farhan Al Deek, is devoted to Free Tissue Transfer to Head and Neck: Lessons Learned from Unfavorable Results. Articles in this issue include: The Triangle of Failure: Failure in Planning, Selection, and Execution; Lessons Learned from Unfavorable Microsurgical Head and Neck Reconstruction: Chang Gung Experience; Lessons Learned from Unfavorable Microsurgical Head and Neck Reconstruction: M.D Anderson Cancer Center Perspective; Lessons Learned from Unfavorable Microsurgical Head and Neck Reconstruction: Japan National Cancer Center Point of View; Insights from Mexico on the Unfavorable Results after Free Tissue Transfer to Head and Neck; “A Word from University of Toronto on the Unfavorable Results after Free Tissue Transfer to Head and Neck; Mount Sinai Medical Center and their Experience with Unfavorable Microsurgical Head and Neck Reconstruction; Mayo Clinic Experience with Unfavorable Results after Free Tissue Transfer to Head and Neck; University of Washington at Seattle and the Unfavorable Results after Free Tissue Transfer to Head and Neck; Henri Mondor Experience with Unfavorable Microsurgical Head and Neck Reconstruction; Liverpool Opinion on Unfavorable Microsurgical Head and Neck Reconstruction: Lessons Learned; The Osteoradionecrosis as Untoward Outcomes Following Successful Free Tissue Transfer to Head and Neck; Trismus as Untoward Outcomes after Successful Free Tissue Transfer to Head and Neck; and Oro- and –Naso- Cutaneous Fistulae as Untoward Outcomes after Successful Free Tissue Transfer to Head Neck.
This book provides a systematic description and analysis of laser heat-mode lithography, addressing the basic principles, lithography system, manipulation of feature size, grayscale lithography, resist thin films, and pattern transfer, while also presenting typical experimental results and applications. It introduces laser heat-mode lithography, where the resist thin films are essentially an opto-thermal response to the laser beam with changeable wavelength and are not sensitive to laser wavelength. Laser heat-mode lithography techniques greatly simplify production procedures because they require neither a particular light source nor a particular environment; further, there are no pre-baking and post-baking steps required for organic photoresists. The pattern feature size can be either larger or smaller than the laser spot by adjusting the writing strategy. The lithographic feature size can also be arbitrarily tuned from nanoscale to micrometer without changing the laser spot size. Lastly, the line edge roughness can be controlled at a very low value because the etching process is a process of breaking bonds among atoms. The book offers an invaluable reference guide for all advanced undergraduates, graduate students, researchers and engineers working in the fields of nanofabrication, lithography techniques and systems, phase change materials, etc.
The book describes in detail the technical aspects of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (LDLT), the routine practice of the world renowned Liver Transplant Team at Hong Kong's Queen Mary Hospital, and our views on various issues of the operation. The thorough review on the history and technical procedures of LDLT and discussion on various aspects of the operation and its future perspectives will serve as a unique reference for surgeons, researchers, nurses, medical students, patients and laypersons seeking information on LDLT.This latest edition offers updated operative results from our center and the latest modifications of the technique. With contributions from a leading microvascular surgeon, a critical care clinician, a psychiatrist, and two anesthetists from the same liver transplant team, the LDLT experience at Queen Mary Hospital is depicted in an even greater extent.
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