This book discusses issues related to terrorism and suggests how to perform risk assessment via academic research. First, this book discusses several behavioral disorders and theories related to crime. Theories are important because they describe the problem, they control the survey questions during a study (the instrument must be valid), and they provide possible solutions to the problem. Second, this book discusses terrorism and risk management, emergency response, HazMat scenes, agroterrorism, and some of the pros and cons of different strategies for managing terrorism. Finally, this book shows how to investigate a problem via academic research. Several research proposal examples are provided. Reading about a problem is good, but knowing how to solve a problem is better. What the readers will come to realize is that there are many assumptions and limitations related to a study, which may impact the credibility of the study. Hence, readers will come to realize the value of scholarly, peer-reviewed articles.
This book may prove valuable to anyone who is interested in joining the Indiana State Police but who is currently over the department's maximum age limit for initial hire or rehire. This book contains information that may prove valuable to anyone who may decide to challenge the department's age-hiring policy in court.
This book provides an overview of effectively understanding information. One goal of this book is for law enforcers to understand the legality of their actions via math, grammar, and logic. This book applies math and English to the law so that police officers may effectively articulate their actions in court. For example, specific laws and police actions can be evaluated via truth tables and Venn Diagrams. Some of the factors that can influence the value of information include assumptions, limitations, different lenses of truth, different ethical systems, different police department orientations, and the format in which the data are presented. For example, a suspect may attempt to mislead an officer by using existential and universal quantifiers and by using the converse of conditional statements. Another goal of this book is to apply basic math skills to common law enforcement scenarios. For example, the methods of determining angles, distances, and speeds are presented.
This book is designed for criminal justice instructors. It requires them to help students work through the various police reports. The reports are intentionally left incomplete to require students to work through them. Some reports may seem to ask confusing questions, which may lead to unreliable responses. This is to be used as a lesson: unreliable responses create statistics that are not valid. Managers need to improve the forms in order to obtain valid data. This book first discusses communication theory and how it applies to police officers and prosecutors in the courtroom. Information presented in the courtroom by police officers has a significant impact upon the jurors. Indeed, police officers communicate both verbally and nonverbally in the courtroom and this affects their credibility on the stand. Furthermore, by employing persuasion theories, prosecutors can align the officers' testimonies to the jurors' particular communication preference. Second, this book discusses truth as it relates to probable cause and beyond reasonable doubt. Finally, because report writing is a significant part of police work, this book presents a variety of police forms that will engage students in written communication.
This book provides an overview of police-community relations. First, this book examines elderly people and some of their concerns. To best serve the public, the police must understand the concerns of the public. Second, this book discusses various criminal theories and their limitations. Theories are effective for understanding problems and for solving the problems. However, every theory has a limitation. Third, this book discusses ethical systems and police department orientations, which are used to judge good police officer behavior. Fourth, this book discusses communication, deviance, and dealing with disadvantaged individuals. Fifth, this book discusses hot spots, crime prevention through environmental design, community policing, and community intervention. Finally, this book discusses how to estimate the implementation of a police-community relations program and provides several examples of how to evaluate a program via academic research.
This book is written for college students and focuses on qualitative research. Reading about a problem may be good (a literature review), but learning how to investigate the problem yourself is better. Research is a systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information in order to better understand the subject of study. All research involves theory, data collection, and attempts to solve a problem by answering a question. A quantitative research study indicates how variables are numerically related and may be used to determine the method of operandi and to make predictions based on confidence levels; however, a qualitative study indicates why variables are related and may be used to determine motives. In either case, by manipulating the independent variables, the dependent variables may be effectively managed. This book presents information on qualitative research and provides a comprehensive qualitative research study.
This book may prove valuable to anyone who is interested in joining the Indiana State Police but who is currently over the department's maximum age limit for initial hire or rehire. This book contains information that may prove valuable to anyone who may decide to challenge the department's age-hiring policy in court. In addition, this book discusses ethical behaviors that impact police behaviors.
Police Intelligence: Totality of Circumstances is an essential resource and is designed for any individual who may encounter the field of criminal justice, whether the person is a police chief who oversees the department’s standard operating procedures, a police officer who enforces the law, a civilian who is expected to follow the law, a lawyer who may challenge an action in court, or a judge who will interpret the law. This book, in part, applies math and logic to laws and policies to objectively assess them. Laws and policies are written as English logical statements. English logical statements can be converted into mathematical logical statements, which can be objectively assessed via Boolean algebra. Specifically, truth tables, Venn diagrams, flowcharts, logic gates, and logic circuits can all be used to assess laws, policies, and proper police actions. For example, mathematically it is not a glass, blue, marble means almost the exact opposite of it is not glass, not blue, and not marble. In addition, one must consider existential and universal quantifiers, conditional statements, and subsets to correctly interpret laws and policies. Thus, it is important for individuals to understand how to mathematically assess English logical statements (e.g., the law) because if they do not, opponents in court may do it for them. This book is important because collecting and understanding information and effectively communicating are vital skills in law enforcement. It discusses different reference points for assessing good behavior, different lenses of truth, limitations of information, and assumptions. Furthermore, it examines a variety of ways to collect and assess information, which include interrogation techniques, interviewing techniques, an interrogatory and a deposition, ciphering and deciphering messages, body language, handwriting analysis, job interview questions, and crime scene search patterns. The chapters present a methodological reasoning process that is sorely lacking among police agencies— and one that is essential for developing critical thinking skills and carrying out orders within legal confines. Police Intelligence: Totality of Circumstances is an indispensable resource for helping students and officers to collect and assess information. Whether it is verbal or nonverbal information, ciphered messages, or using different bases for numeric communication, individuals in criminal justice should learn to think outside the box to collect and understand available information.
This book is designed for young readers. This book may be helpful to students who are learning multiple languages. This book presents information about US local law enforcement work in three different languages (English, Japanese, and Traditional Chinese), which allows the students to make quick comparisons between the languages.
This book provides an overview of effectively understanding information. One goal of this book is for law enforcers to understand the legality of their actions via math, grammar, and logic. This book applies math and English to the law so that police officers may effectively articulate their actions in court. For example, specific laws and police actions can be evaluated via truth tables and Venn Diagrams. Some of the factors that can influence the value of information include assumptions, limitations, different lenses of truth, different ethical systems, different police department orientations, and the format in which the data are presented. For example, a suspect may attempt to mislead an officer by using existential and universal quantifiers and by using the converse of conditional statements. Another goal of this book is to apply basic math skills to common law enforcement scenarios. For example, the methods of determining angles, distances, and speeds are presented.
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