Washington Academy of Sciences's Books

Incorporating Safety Into Long-range Transportation Planning

By: Simon Washington,National Cooperative Highway Research Program

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Incorporating Safety Into Long-range Transportation Planning

By: Simon Washington,National Cooperative Highway Research Program

TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 546 examines where and how safety can be effectively addressed and integrated into long-range transportation planning at the state and metropolitan levels. The report includes guidance for practitioners in identifying and evaluating alternative ways to incorporate and integrate safety considerations in long-range statewide and metropolitan transportation planning and decision-making processes"--Publisher's description.

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Page Count

179

Publisher

Transportation Research Board

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309088461

ISBN 13

9780309088466

Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington

Past, Present, and Future

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Sea Level Rise in California, Oregon, and Washington

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Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington

Past, Present, and Future

By: National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Sea Level Rise in California, Oregon, and Washington

Tide gauges show that global sea level has risen about 7 inches during the 20th century, and recent satellite data show that the rate of sea-level rise is accelerating. As Earth warms, sea levels are rising mainly because ocean water expands as it warms; and water from melting glaciers and ice sheets is flowing into the ocean. Sea-level rise poses enormous risks to the valuable infrastructure, development, and wetlands that line much of the 1,600 mile shoreline of California, Oregon, and Washington. As those states seek to incorporate projections of sea-level rise into coastal planning, they asked the National Research Council to make independent projections of sea-level rise along their coasts for the years 2030, 2050, and 2100, taking into account regional factors that affect sea level. Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future explains that sea level along the U.S. west coast is affected by a number of factors. These include: climate patterns such as the El Niño, effects from the melting of modern and ancient ice sheets, and geologic processes, such as plate tectonics. Regional projections for California, Oregon, and Washington show a sharp distinction at Cape Mendocino in northern California. South of that point, sea-level rise is expected to be very close to global projections. However, projections are lower north of Cape Mendocino because the land is being pushed upward as the ocean plate moves under the continental plate along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. However, an earthquake magnitude 8 or larger, which occurs in the region every few hundred to 1,000 years, would cause the land to drop and sea level to suddenly rise.

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274

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309255945

ISBN 13

9780309255943

A Decision Framework for Managing the Spirit Lake and Toutle River System at Mount St. Helens

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Geological and Geotechnical Engineering,Committee on Long-Term Management of the Spirit Lake/Toutle River System in Southwest Washington

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A Decision Framework for Managing the Spirit Lake and Toutle River System at Mount St. Helens

The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in southwest Washington State radically changed the physical and socio-economic landscapes of the region. The eruption destroyed the summit of the volcano, sending large amounts of debris into the North Fork Toutle River, and blocking the sole means of drainage from Spirit Lake 4 miles north of Mount St. Helens. As a result of the blockage, rising lake levels could cause failure of the debris blockage, putting the downstream population of approximately 50,000 at risk of catastrophic flooding and mud flows. Further, continued transport of sediment to the river from volcanic debris deposits surrounding the mountain reduces the flood carrying capacity of downstream river channels and leaves the population vulnerable to chronic flooding. The legacy of the 1980 eruption and the prospect of future volcanic, seismic, and flood events mean that risk management in the Spirit Lake Toutle River system will be challenging for decades to come. This report offers a decision framework to support the long-term management of risks related to the Spirit Lake and Toutle River system in light of the different regional economic, cultural, and social priorities, and the respective roles of federal, tribal, state, and local authorities, as well as other entities and groups in the region. It also considers the history and adequacy of characterization, monitoring, and management associated with the Spirit Lake debris blockage and outflow tunnel, other efforts to control transport of water and sediment from the 1980 and later eruptions, and suggests additional information needed to support implementation of the recommended decision framework.

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Page Count

337

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309464471

ISBN 13

9780309464475

Introduction to Three-Dimensional Climate Modeling

By: Warren M. Washington,Claire Parkinson

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Introduction to Three-Dimensional Climate Modeling

By: Warren M. Washington,Claire Parkinson

Warren M. Washington is consultant and advisor to a number of government officials and committees on climate-system modelling. Now along with Claire Parkinson (NASA) he gives the reader insight into the complex field of climate modelling. Updated and revised from the first edition, this book is a welcome reference on climate modeling; an area that is becoming more and more sought after in light of environmental changes. Suitable for those wanting an in-road into understanding climate modeling but also an excellent companion for those with some prior knowledge of modeling meteorological systems.

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Page Count

372

Publisher

University Science Books

Published Date

ISBN 10

1891389351

ISBN 13

9781891389351

Climate Change Denial

Heads in the Sand

By: Haydn Washington,John Cook

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Climate Change Denial

Heads in the Sand

By: Haydn Washington,John Cook

Humans have always used denial. When we are afraid, guilty, confused, or when something interferes with our self-image, we tend to deny it. Yet denial is a delusion. When it impacts on the health of oneself, or society, or the world it becomes a pathology. Climate change denial is such a case. Paradoxically, as the climate science has become more certain, denial about the issue has increased. The paradox lies in the denial. There is a denial industry funded by the fossil fuel companies that literally denies the science, and seeks to confuse the public. There is denial within governments, where spin-doctors use 'weasel words' to pretend they are taking action. However there is also denial within most of us, the citizenry. We let denial prosper and we resist the science. It also explains the social science behind denial. It contains a detailed examination of the principal climate change denial arguments, from attacks on the integrity of scientists, to impossible expectations of proof and certainty to the cherry picking of data. Climate change can be solved - but only when we cease to deny that it exists. This book shows how we can break through denial, accept reality, and thus solve the climate crisis. It will engage scientists, university students, climate change activists as well as the general public seeking to roll back denial and act.

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Page Count

194

Publisher

Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

1136530053

ISBN 13

9781136530050

Book's by Washington Academy of Sciences

Incorporating Safety Into Long-range Transportation Planning

Incorporating Safety Into Long-range Transportation Planning

Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington

Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington

A Decision Framework for Managing the Spirit Lake and Toutle River System at Mount St. Helens

A Decision Framework for Managing the Spirit Lake and Toutle River System at Mount St. Helens

Introduction to Three-Dimensional Climate Modeling

Introduction to Three-Dimensional Climate Modeling

Climate Change Denial

Climate Change Denial

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