Regulation is a public policy approach closely related to calculations of the equilibrium of supply and demand and to cost-benefit analyses. Governments combine a variety of incentives and restrictions on behavior, including laws and regulations, in order to guide enterprises and smaller entities within the economy toward pursuing policies in the public interest. This book offers an in-depth and systematic review of the economic theory of regulation, with particular emphasis on the Chinese context. The basic concepts cover economic and social regulation, regulatory process, regulation under asymmetric information, and capture theory. Drawing on a broad range of cases from across the telecommunications, electric power, and water sectors since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the author explores economic regulation in China with reference to natural monopoly, investment, price level and price structure, entry, and competition. In addition, he discusses theories of externalities and asymmetric information, which are analyzed in the light of China’s environmental and product quality regulation. The author argues that the Chinese government has deregulated its economy to a large extent in the past and proposes that the Chinese government will enforce more social regulation in the future. Students and scholars of government regulation, economics, and industrial organization will find this volume to be an essential guide.
Fast pyrolysis and related catalytic pyrolysis are of increasing interest as pathways to advanced biofuels that closely mimic traditional petroleum products. Research has moved from empirical investigations to more fundamental studies of pyrolysis mechanisms. Theories on the chemical and physical pathways from plant polymers to pyrolysis products have proliferated as a result. This book brings together the latest developments in pyrolysis science and technology. It examines, reviews and challenges the unresolved and sometimes controversial questions about pyrolysis, helping advance the understanding of this important technology and stimulating discussion on the various competing theories of thermal deconstruction of plant polymers. Beginning with an introduction to the biomass-to-biofuels process via fast pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis, chapters address prominent questions such as whether free radicals or concerted reactions dominate deconstruction reactions. Finally, the book concludes with an economic analysis of fast pyrolysis versus catalytic pyrolysis. This book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers interested in the science behind renewable fuel technology, and particularly the thermochemical processing of biomass.
This book is devoted to establishing a completely new concept within economics referred to as "trading economics" which is a reconstructed economic system in theory that seeks perfect harmony between micro and macro elements in a structured way, hence making the economic theory a rigorous system supported by internal logical continuity. Representing a revolution of the existing theoretical framework, trading economics has changed the logic of mainstream economics. Specifically, it deduces the "macro whole" from the "micro individuals", and it introduces a systematic and comprehensive analysis approach. It stresses that within an interconnected world, the interaction between trading agents is the fundamental driving force behind the operation, development and evolution of the economic system.
As China globalizes, the number of marriages between Chinese people and foreigners is increasing. These Chinese--foreign marriages have profound implications for China’s cultural identity. This book, based on extensive original research, outlines the different types of Chinese--foreign marriage, and divorce, and the changing scale and changing patterns of such marriages, and divorces, and examines how such marriages and divorces are portrayed in different kinds of media. It shows how those types of Chinese--foreign marriage where Chinese patriotism and Chinese values are preserved are depicted favourably, whereas other kinds of Chinese--foreign marriage, especially those where Chinese women marry foreign nationals, are disapproved of, male foreign nationals being seen as having a propensity to infidelity, deception, violence and taking advantage of Chinese women. The book contrasts the portrayal of Chinese--foreign marriage with the reality, and with the depiction of Chinese--Chinese marriage where many of the same problems apply. Overall, the book sheds much light on changing social processes and on current imaginings of China’s place in the world.
This book aims to evaluate and improve the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) of automotive lithium-ion batteries. The authors first introduce the basic working principle and dynamic test characteristics of lithium-ion batteries. They present the dynamic transfer model, compare it with the traditional second-order reserve capacity (RC) model, and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed new model. In addition, they propose the chaotic firefly optimization algorithm and demonstrate its effectiveness in improving the accuracy of SOC and SOH estimation through theoretical and experimental analysis. The book will benefit researchers and engineers in the new energy industry and provide students of science and engineering with some innovative aspects of battery modeling.
This book presents novel research ideas and offers insights into radar system design, artificial intelligence and signal processing applications. Further, it proposes a new concept of antenna spatial polarization characteristics (SPC), suggesting that the antenna polarization is a function of the spatial direction and providing new ideas for radar signal processing (RSP) and anti-jamming. It also discusses the design of an advanced signal-processing algorithm, and proposes new polarimetric and anti-jamming methods using antenna inherent properties. The book helps readers discover the potential of radar information processing and improve its anti-interference and target identification ability. It is of interest to university researchers, radar engineers and graduate students in computer science and electronics who wish to learn the core principles, methods, algorithms, and applications of RSP.
This book and its sister volumes constitute the proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Neural Networks (ISNN 2005). ISNN 2005 was held in the beautiful mountain city Chongqing by the upper Yangtze River in southwestern China during May 30–June 1, 2005, as a sequel of ISNN 2004 successfully held in Dalian, China.
This book describes systematically the theory and technology of the precision forming of large, complex and thin-walled superalloy castings for aircraft engines, covering all the important basic aspects of the manufacturing process, including process design, wax pattern, ceramic molds, casting and solidification, heat treatment, repair casting and dimension precision control. The correlation of casting defects, structural characteristics and performance of castings is revealed through a range of tests. It also discusses the latest technologies and advances in this field – such as imaging the solidification process by means of synchrotron radiography, 3D computerized tomography and reconstruction of microporosity defects, analysis and diagnosis of error sources for dimension over-tolerance and adjusted pressure casting technology – which are of particular interest. Providing essential insights, the book offers a valuable guide to the design and manufacture of superalloy casting parts for aircraft engines.
With the development of societies fossil energy is no longer the only energy resource, and increasing attention had been paid to alternative energy. Biomass is considered to be one of the alternatives due to efficiency and low cost. This book presents biomass pyrolysis behavior for three main components: Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin, and discusses the influence of mineral salts , zeolite catalysts and metal oxide on their pyrolysis.
This accessible book offer a comprehensive and critical introduction to the law on business organizations in the People�s Republic of China. The coverage focuses on the 2005-adopted PRC Company Law and the most recent legislative and regulatory develop
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications, ADMA 2005, held in Wuhan, China in July 2005. The conference was focused on sophisticated techniques and tools that can handle new fields of data mining, e.g. spatial data mining, biomedical data mining, and mining on high-speed and time-variant data streams; an expansion of data mining to new applications is also strived for. The 25 revised full papers and 75 revised short papers presented were carefully peer-reviewed and selected from over 600 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on association rules, classification, clustering, novel algorithms, text mining, multimedia mining, sequential data mining and time series mining, web mining, biomedical mining, advanced applications, security and privacy issues, spatial data mining, and streaming data mining.
This book addresses automated software fingerprinting in binary code, especially for cybersecurity applications. The reader will gain a thorough understanding of binary code analysis and several software fingerprinting techniques for cybersecurity applications, such as malware detection, vulnerability analysis, and digital forensics. More specifically, it starts with an overview of binary code analysis and its challenges, and then discusses the existing state-of-the-art approaches and their cybersecurity applications. Furthermore, it discusses and details a set of practical techniques for compiler provenance extraction, library function identification, function fingerprinting, code reuse detection, free open-source software identification, vulnerability search, and authorship attribution. It also illustrates several case studies to demonstrate the efficiency, scalability and accuracy of the above-mentioned proposed techniques and tools. This book also introduces several innovative quantitative and qualitative techniques that synergistically leverage machine learning, program analysis, and software engineering methods to solve binary code fingerprinting problems, which are highly relevant to cybersecurity and digital forensics applications. The above-mentioned techniques are cautiously designed to gain satisfactory levels of efficiency and accuracy. Researchers working in academia, industry and governmental agencies focusing on Cybersecurity will want to purchase this book. Software engineers and advanced-level students studying computer science, computer engineering and software engineering will also want to purchase this book.
Framing Piracy examines film distribution--legal and illegal--in the largest, mostly untapped market in the world: Greater China. Tracing networks of optical disc (VCD, DVD) and online piracy, this book tackles issues of politics, globalization, and technology. It features a wealth of original research, new distribution data, and interviews with film distributors, government officials, and film pirates. With changes afoot in China upon its entering the World Trade Organization, this timely book shows that such transformations have far-reaching implications for policy, theory, and practice.
Regulation is a public policy approach closely related to calculations of the equilibrium of supply and demand and to cost-benefit analyses. Governments combine a variety of incentives and restrictions on behavior, including laws and regulations, in order to guide enterprises and smaller entities within the economy toward pursuing policies in the public interest. This book offers an in-depth and systematic review of the economic theory of regulation, with particular emphasis on the Chinese context. The basic concepts cover economic and social regulation, regulatory process, regulation under asymmetric information, and capture theory. Drawing on a broad range of cases from across the telecommunications, electric power, and water sectors since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the author explores economic regulation in China with reference to natural monopoly, investment, price level and price structure, entry, and competition. In addition, he discusses theories of externalities and asymmetric information, which are analyzed in the light of China’s environmental and product quality regulation. The author argues that the Chinese government has deregulated its economy to a large extent in the past and proposes that the Chinese government will enforce more social regulation in the future. Students and scholars of government regulation, economics, and industrial organization will find this volume to be an essential guide.
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