In about the 11th century BC, the Shang Dynasty declined in national strength, and was destroyed by King Wu of Zhou and a capital was established in Haojing- west of what is now Xi'an, in Shanxi Province. This period is known as the Western Zhou Dynasty. Handicrafts were monopolised by the royal family and were characterised by more extensive distribution than the Shang Dynasty with more workshops and finer division of labour. Jade was only one of the many handicrafts and as something of value was very popular among royals and vassals. The pieces of importance were artefacts are: the Y3 Tomb of the Gongyu State in Baoji of Shaanxi, Guo State Tombs in Sanenxia, Luoyang, Henan Province and the Jing State tomb of Gong Yu State in Houma of Shanxi. From this period there are also bronze wares and ceramics. In this period bronze wares changed in type, shape and inscription, emblazonary and casting. Ceramics developed significantly and hand stamped hand-made pottery flourished. This book, the second in a ten-volume collection, brings to the English-speaking world a series of books from China which has been complied by an Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Cultural Relics. There are 383 descriptions.
This book is more or less a companion volume of the author’s book Introduction to Social Systems Engineering published by Springer in March, 2018. Since social systems engineering is a complex emerging discipline, this book will focus more on the evolution of the concept and the formation process. This is related to the book Introduction to Social Systems Engineering within the context of the author’s working and study experience of around 33 years in engineering and 36 years in policy research and planning at national and regional level.
Now fully revised and updated, The United States and China offers a comprehensive synthesis of US-Chinese relations from initial contact to the present. Balancing the modern (1784–1949) and contemporary (1949–present) periods, Dong Wang retraces centuries of interaction between two of the world’s great powers from the perspective of both sides. She examines state-to-state diplomacy, as well as economic, social, military, religious, and cultural interplay within varying national and international contexts. As China itself continues to grow in global importance, so too does the US-Chinese relationship, and this book provides an essential grounding for understanding its past, present, and possible futures.
Biopharmaceuticals are a unique class of compounds due to their extreme structural complexity. The current text puts together a variety of the state‐of‐the art approaches that use mass spectrometry to evaluate various aspects of biopharmaceutical products ranging from monitoring stress‐related structural changes to their quantitation in pharmacokinetic studies.
The book is a systematic study of the China-Britain relationship during the 1942–1949 period with a particular focus on the two countries’ discussions over both the 1943 Sino-British treaty and the discarded Sino-British commercial treaty, the future of Hong Kong, and the political status of Tibet. These were dominated by two underlying themes: the elimination of the British imperialist position in China and the establishment of an equal and reciprocal bilateral relationship. The negotiations started promisingly in 1942–1943, but, by 1949, had failed to reach a satisfactory settlement. Behind the failure lay a complex set of domestic considerations and external factors, including the powerful infl uence of the United States. Even after seven decades, the failure still has a contemporary impact. Recent Sino-British disputes over the Hong Kong Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement and incessant Indo-Chinese confl icts and skirmishes over their unsettled borders all attest to the enduring legacy of the years 1942–1949 as setting the scene for subsequent Sino-British and Sino-Indian relations. From this perspective, the history has never left us.
North America maintains the largest collection of archival materials relating to the Chinese Republican era (1911–1949) outside of China. Most of the archival materials are also unique, and the collections contain special materials supplementing historical records in China and Taiwan. In many cases, North America's holdings represent the best and only public access to the tumultuous Republican government and society of the first half of the twentieth century. An essential guide for researchers and students of Republican China, this volume, presented in both English and Chinese, covers personal papers, correspondences, memoirs, diaries, photographs, moving images, and other materials held at academic and research institutions across the United States and Canada. It includes concise descriptions of the people, organizations, and events connected to each entry and notes when certain collections are closely related and when materials are digitized for online access. The book corrects common errors associated with the library records of many archives and updates or completes information on the objects of these records. More than a straightforward itemization, this book adds significant depth to any research on the history and global import of China's modern development.
This book gives an in-depth research on digital business environment as well as its indicators analysis by means of collecting huge data and cases in China. Additionally, it’s on the first try to apply bibliometric method to business environment literature review. The main contents of this book contain the research on the connotation and evaluation indicator system of digital business environment, and a series of excellent practices in improving the business environment in China in the aspects of digital infrastructure construction, digital market order, digital security, digital government application, digital literacy and innovation, etc. The expected readers are scholars who study business environment-related topics, groups interested in digital business environment, businessmen and officials. The most significant features of this book lie in its novel topics and detailed cases, which can help readers to have a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of China's digital business environment construction.
Wang Hui asks what it means for China to be modern and for modernity to be Chinese. Is there a rupture between tradition and modernity in China? How has Confucian thought evolved? Did China become modern in the Middle Ages? A deep intellectual history, The Rise of Modern Chinese Thought revises our senses of both modernity and Chinese philosophy.
China is known for its deep veneration of history. Far more than a record of the past, history to the Chinese is the magister vitae (teacher of life): the storehouse of moral lessons and bureaucratic precedents. Mirroring the Past presents a comprehensive history of traditional Chinese historiography from antiquity to the mid-qing period. Organized chronologically, the book traces the development of historical thinking and writing in Imperial China, beginning with the earliest forms of historical consciousness and ending with adumbrations of the fundamentally different views engendered by mid-nineteenth-century encounters with the West. The historiography of each era is explored on two levels: first, the gathering of material and the writing and production of narratives to describe past events; second, the thinking and reflecting on meanings and patterns of the past. Significantly, the book embeds within this chronological structure integrated views of Chinese historiography, bringing to light the purposive, didactic, and normative uses of the past. authors lay bare the ingenious ways in which Chinese scholars extracted truth from events and reveal how schemas and philosophies of history were constructed and espoused. They highlight the dynamic nature of Chinese historiography, revealing that historical works mapped the contours of Chinese civilization not for the sake of understanding history as disembodied and theoretical learning, but for the pragmatic purpose of guiding the world by mirroring the past in all its splendor and squalor.
Framing Piracy examines film distribution--legal and illegal--in the largest, mostly untapped market in the world: Greater China. Tracing networks of optical disc (VCD, DVD) and online piracy, this book tackles issues of politics, globalization, and technology. It features a wealth of original research, new distribution data, and interviews with film distributors, government officials, and film pirates. With changes afoot in China upon its entering the World Trade Organization, this timely book shows that such transformations have far-reaching implications for policy, theory, and practice.
This book analyzes Revolutionary Committees during the Cultural Revolution period in the People’s Republic of China. It aims to draw serious scholarly attention to, and bring about an impartial assessment of, the events in this period independent of partisan hysteria. The project explains what the Revolutionary Committee was composed of, how it formed, and how it differed from the pre- and post-Cultural Revolution governance institutions.
Probability theory has always been an active field of research in China, but, until recently, almost all of this research was written in Chinese. This book contains surveys by some of China's leading probabilists, with a fairly complete coverage of theoretical probability and selective coverage of applied topics. The purpose of the book is to provide an account of the most significant results in probability obtained in China in the past few decades and to promote communication between probabilists in China and those in other countries. This collection will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in mathematics and probability theory, as well as to researchers in such areas as physics, engineering, biochemistry, and information science. Among the topics covered here are: stochastic analysis, stochastic differential equations, Dirichlet forms, Brownian motion and diffusion, potential theory, geometry of manifolds, semi-martingales, jump Markov processes, interacting particle systems, entropy production of Markov processes, renewal sequences and p-functions, multi-parameter stochastic processes, stationary random fields, limit theorems, strong approximations, large deviations, stochastic control systems, and probability problems in information theory.
After Mao Zedong’s Anti-Rightist Campaign of 1957–58, Chinese intellectuals were subjected to "re-education" by the state. In Banished to the Great Northern Wilderness, Ning Wang draws on labor farm archives, interviews, and memoirs to provide a remarkable look at the suffering and complex psychological world of these banished Beijing intellectuals. Wang’s use of newly uncovered Chinese-language sources challenges the concept of the intellectual as renegade martyr, showing how exiles often declared allegiance to the state for self-preservation. While Mao’s campaign victimized the banished, many of those same people also turned against their comrades. Wang describes the ways in which the state sought to remold the intellectuals, and he illuminates the strategies the exiles used to deal with camp officials and improve their chances of survival.
This text explores urban public life through the microcosm of the Chengdu teahouse. Like most public spaces, the teahouse was and still is an enduring symbol of Chinese popular culture, stemming back centuries and prevailing through political transformations, modernization, and globalization. The time period covered begins basically with the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949-50, goes through the end of the Cultural Revolution and into the post-Mao reform era.
This Springer Brief represents a comprehensive review of information theoretic methods for robust recognition. A variety of information theoretic methods have been proffered in the past decade, in a large variety of computer vision applications; this work brings them together, attempts to impart the theory, optimization and usage of information entropy. The authors resort to a new information theoretic concept, correntropy, as a robust measure and apply it to solve robust face recognition and object recognition problems. For computational efficiency, the brief introduces the additive and multiplicative forms of half-quadratic optimization to efficiently minimize entropy problems and a two-stage sparse presentation framework for large scale recognition problems. It also describes the strengths and deficiencies of different robust measures in solving robust recognition problems.
This book engages with the critical decline of postmodernism and newer currents of thinking that have come to the fore, including postcolonialism, feminism, and cultural studies, constituting an exploration of the cultural landscape after the heyday of postmodernism in the West and its profound influence on the Chinese cultural scene. Topics discussed include the prevalent theoretical trends and cultural phenomena in the West in the wake of postmodernism, how these developments have influenced contemporary Chinese literary and cultural criticism, and how Chinese scholars can have an equal dialogue with the dominant Western theorists. The chapters examine critical issues and figures in the fields, including postmodernity and globalization, as well as the theories of Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Homi Bhabha, and Judith Butler. Taking a comparative and cross-cultural perspective, especially between China and the West, the title also sheds light on the imprint of Western theoretical trends on the literature and culture of contemporary China, exemplified in diasporic writing, cinema, women’s literature, popular culture, and the overall orientation of contemporary Chinese literature. The book will be a critical reference for all levels of reader interested in postmodernism, critical theory, postcolonialism, feminism, cultural studies, comparative and world literature, and contemporary Chinese literature and culture.
Chopsticks have become a quintessential part of the Japanese, Chinese and Korean culinary experience across the globe, with more than one fifth of the world's population using them daily to eat. In this vibrant, highly original account of the history of chopsticks, Q. Edward Wang charts their evolution from a simple eating implement in ancient times to their status as a much more complex, cultural symbol today. Opening in the Neolithic Age, at the first recorded use of chopsticks, the book surveys their practice through Chinese history, before exploring their transmission in the fifth century to other parts of Asia, including Vietnam, Korea, Japan and Mongolia. Calling upon a striking selection of artwork, the author illustrates how chopstick use has influenced Asian cuisine, and how, in turn the cuisine continues to influence chopstick use, both in Asia and across the globe.
Maoism and Grassroots Religion explores grassroots religious life under and after Mao in Rui'an County, Wenzhou of southeast China, a region widely known for its religious vitality. Drawing from unexplored local state archives, records of religious institutions, memoirs, and interviews, it tells the story of local communities' encounter with the Communist revolution, and its consequences, especially competition and struggles for religious property and ritual space. Rather than being totally disrupted, Xiaoxuan Wang shows, religious life under Mao was characterized by remarkable variety and unevenness and was contingent on the interactions of local dynamics with Maoist campaigns--including land reform, the Great Leap Forward, and the Cultural Revolution. The revolutionary experience strongly determined the trajectories and development patterns of different religions, inter-religious dynamics, and state-religion relationships in the post-Mao era. Wang goes beyond the image of totalistic control and suppression, to show how Maoism is relevant to religious revitalization in the post-Mao era and, more broadly, the modern fate of Chinese religions and secularism in East Asia. Maoism permanently altered the religious landscape in China, especially by inadvertently promoting the localization and even (in some areas) expansion of Protestant Christianity, as well as the reinvention of traditional communal religion. Contrary to the popular image of total suppression and disruption during the Mao years, this book shows that religious changes under Mao were highly complex and contingent on a confluence of political campaigns, local politics and community responses.The post-Mao religious revival had deep historical roots in the Mao years, Wang argues, and cannot be explained by contemporary economic motives and cultural logics alone. This book calls for a new understanding of Maoism and secularism in the People's Republic of China.
本書收集溫家寶總理在各種訪談、演講、會議中引用的詩文、名句120條,詳列出處,釋義,概述引文的作者、作品背景以及引用背景,分析溫總理為什麼要在此時此地、此情此境引用此人此言,讓讀者借此窺見溫總理的素養、品格和他對中國改革、民生諸問題的觀點、態度等,從而深切地理解溫總理的行事與為人;並通過溫總理的解讀、闡發,更深刻地領會這些智慧寶珠的奧妙。 This book has 124 lines of Chinese sayings quoted by Premier Wen in various interviews, speeches and conferences. The source, authors, meaning, and background of the quotations are given in detail. The contexts in which Premier Wen quoted these lines are also comprehensively analyzed. The book gives an insight into his views and thoughts on China’s reform and the welfare of the people. Through these quotations, readers will get to know Premier Wen, his personality and his perspectives. Readers will also grasp the wisdom of the sages through Premier Wen’s exposition of his quotations. 本書特點: 1. 溫家寶總理是中國最擅長引經據典的國家領導人之一。他的言談裏不經意間就會跳出一些經典的詩文、名句。這些引文言簡意賅、意蘊深遠,是人類歷史文化長河中凝成的智慧寶珠。 2. 而溫總理引用詩文,也並非一時一地為切合情境或豐富文采而用,它們往往具有極其深刻的寓意,同時折射出溫總理的思想、觀念、風格、操守。 3. 此書首次全面收錄溫家寶總理經典引句,從獨特的視角切入政治人物的內心。 4. 深入挖掘引言背景,幫助讀者領會其中深意。
This book taps into the best elements of Chinese traditional culture to show respect to the pioneers of Hebei women’s education and to provide references to today’s education reform and development. It contains six chapters, describing the basic requirements for Chinese women of the Feudal Period, the development of women’s normal education, prominent educators in Home Economics, and the outstanding alumnae of Hebei Normal University. The book allows insights into the educational, social, cultural, economic and political movements from ancient China to the late Qing dynasty, the Republic of China, and the People’s Republic of China.
This book explores the complexities of cultivating ‘Confucian individuals’ through classics study in contemporary China by drawing on the individualization thesis and its implications for the Confucian education revival. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted at a Confucian classical school, three topics are investigated: parents’ narratives and actions related to ‘dis-embedding’ their children from mainstream state education and transferring them to Confucian education as an alternative; the specific discourses and practices of teaching and learning the classics in everyday school life, guided by the aim of training students to become autonomous learners; and the institutional and subjective dilemmas that arise when parents and students seek to ‘re-embed’ themselves in either the state education system or further Confucian studies at an advanced academy for the next stage of education. The research presented in this book contributes to understanding the hidden dynamics of individualization in the Confucian education revival and the intricacies of subject-making through Confucian teaching and learning in the socialist state of China.
Can Christian identity and national identity be reconciled? For Christians in China, this question is particularly fraught. While Sinicization offers the indigenous church one path forward, it fails to provide a tenable solution for believers unwilling to submit their love of God under love of country. Dr. Jue Wang explores an alternative roadmap for Chinese Christian identity in the writings of Zhang Yijing. The editor of True Light, a Chinese Baptist publication, Zhang was also a Chinese patriot, Confucian, and life-long proponent of science and reason. Utilizing the lens of identity studies, Dr. Wang examines Zhang’s process of reconciling faith and culture in his quest to be both authentically Christian and authentically Chinese. This study offers a fascinating glimpse into the modern history of the Chinese church, while uncovering the significance of an often-overlooked Chinese Christian apologist. Zhang’s example offers encouragement and hope for believers around the world seeking to integrate social, cultural, and national identities under the lordship of Christ.
The East Asian Modern Girl reports the long-neglected experiences of modern women in East Asia during the interwar period. The edited volume includes original studies on the modern girl in Taiwan, Korea, Manchuria, Japan, Shanghai, and Hong Kong, which reveal differentiated forms of colonial modernity, influences of global media and the struggles of women at the time. The advent of the East Asian modern girl is particularly meaningful for it signifies a separation from traditional Confucian influences and progression toward global media and capitalism, which involves high political and economic tension between the East and West. This book presents geo-historical investigations on the multi-force triggered phenomenon and how it eventually contributed to greater post-war transformations.
This brief presents characterizations of identification errors under a probabilistic framework when output sensors are binary, quantized, or regular. By considering both space complexity in terms of signal quantization and time complexity with respect to data window sizes, this study provides a new perspective to understand the fundamental relationship between probabilistic errors and resources, which may represent data sizes in computer usage, computational complexity in algorithms, sample sizes in statistical analysis and channel bandwidths in communications.
The late Ming Dynasty (1572-1644) and the early Qing Dynasty (1644-1722) saw the true splendour of short essays in China. No other period in the history of short essays in ancient China can match them in the quality and number of works, literary schools, or the variety of styles. Compared with those written before or after, the short essays in these periods were richer in the choice of topics, and freer in form, focusing not only on real social life, but also on worldly experience and life's little delights. They are a rich and vital part of China's literary and cultural heritage.The 127 short essays in this wonderful book are considered to be the very best examples from an era of China's history that's synonymous with beautifully crafted short essays. 82 essays are from the Ming Dynasty and 45 essays are from the Qing Dynasty, written by more than a hundred different Chinese authors from both dynasties. These are arranged in the order of the authors' birth dates and tenderly translated into English by leading Chinese translators Wang Hong and Zhang Shunsheng, who have faithfully represented the styles and literary achievements made by the featured essayists. It's a wonderful book that will delight fans of classic Chinese short essays, as well as providing the perfect introduction to readers new to the genre.Professor Wang Hong is a prolific and accomplished translator of ancient Chinese classics. Many of his translations have been included in the Library of Chinese Classics, such as Mozi, Brush Talks from Dream Brook (also publishing by Paths International), The Discourses of the States and The Classic of Mountains of Seas.This is the first ever English language version of The Short Essays of the Ming and Qing Dynasties to be published either inside or outside of China.
Tu Youyou's Journey in the Search for Artemisinin is an autobiographical science book chronicling in detail the great experiences of Tu Youyou from her childhood to winning the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.As Tu Youyou is the first female scientist from China to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, this win created a sudden wave of interest in medicine, resulting in numerous autobiographical books about Tu Youyou appearing on the market. Contrary to these mass market titles, this book is uniquely different as it is fully authorized by the Nobel laureate herself. Her once-confidential experimental data and Artemisinin research reports are now revealed in this book for all to learn and comprehend. In addition, one of the book authors, Dr Wang Manyuan, is the only PhD student supervised by Professor Tu.Pharmaceutical researchers can use the book's valuable contents to reference, quote and analyse while searching for their own scientific inspirations. It also successfully serves as a guide for budding scientists and future Nobel Prize winners as it provides the proper guidance and methods of scientific research.
Social network are nowadays inherent parts of our lives and highly developed communication technique helps us maintain our relationships. But how did it work in the early 19th century, in a time without cell phones and internet? A Chinese Hong Merchant in Canton Trade named Houqua (1769–1843), who lived in isolated Qing China, gives us an outstanding answer. Despite various barriers in cultures, languages, political situations and his identity as a Chinese merchant strictly under control of the Qing government, Houqua established a commercial network across three continents: Asia, North America and Europe. This book will not only uncover his secrets and actions in his Chinese social network especially patronage relationships in traditional Chinese society, but also reconstruct his intercultural network, including his unique and even "modern" friendship with some American traders which lasted almost half a century after Houqua ́s death.
This book addresses the current development status of high-speed railways globally and analyzes their operational schemes and practices under emergent conditions. It covers methods and problem-solving philosophy with regard to complexity analysis, capacity evaluation, passenger-flow forecasts, operating strategies, passenger-flow allocation, resource allocation and supporting technologies in the context of serious accidents and adverse environmental influences on train operation and service organization of high-speed railways. The abnormal scenarios, emergent conditions, adverse events and corresponding theoretical and applicational solutions dealing with the train operation both in line and network scale are all from real-world cases related to and designed for Chinese high-speed railway network which is the largest in scale, the highest in complexity and the most difficult in tackling with the complex and diverse climate and geographical environment , and thus makes the book both theoretically rigorous and practically applicable. It not only helps readers consider the train and network interactions from the perspective of complexity science, but also provides them with a philosophical framework and approaches available to construct their own roadmap and problem-solving paradigms in their daily research or management. This book is suitable for researchers, postgraduates and managerial and engineering practitioners in railway-related fields, especially in high-speed railway operation and emergency management.
Scholars of Daoism in the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) have paid particular attention to the interaction between the court and certain Daoist priests and to the political results of such interaction; the focus has been on either emperors or Daoist masters. Yet in the Ming era, a special group of people patronized Daoism and Daoist establishments: these were the members of the imperial clan, who were enfeoffed as as princes. By illuminating the role the Ming princes played in local religion, Richard G.W Wang demonstrates in 'The Ming Prince and Daoism' that the princedom sa served to mediate between official religious policy and the commooners' interests ... . Locally, the Ming princes played an important cultural role as well by promoting the development of local religions. This book is the first to explore the interaction between Ming princes as religious patrons and local Daoism. Barred by imperial law from any serious political or military engagement, the Ming princes were ex officio managers of state rituals at the local level, with Daoist priests as key performers. Moreover, institutionally, most regular ceremonies related to a prince's life, were mandated to be conducted by Daoist musician-dancers, and as a result the princely courtly rites were characterized by a Daoist flavor. For this reason the princes became very closely involved in Daoist clerical and liturgical life.
High-speed turnouts, a key technology for high-speed railways, have a great influence on the safe and stable running of high-speed trains. Design of High-Speed Railway Turnouts: Theory and Applications, comprehensively introduces the technical characteristics and requirements of high-speed turnouts, including design theories and methods of turnout layout geometry, wheel and rail relations, track stiffness, welded turnout, turnout conversion, turnout components, and manufacture and laying technologies of turnouts. Analyzing the operational problems of China's high-speed turnout in particular, this book discusses the control of structure irregularity, state irregularity, geometrical irregularity and dynamic irregularity during the design, manufacture, laying, and maintenance of turnouts. At the end of this reference book, the author provides high-speed turnouts management methods, maintenance standards, testing and monitoring technology, and maintenance technology. Design of High-Speed Railway Turnouts: Theory and Applications will enable railway technicians all over the world to develop an in-depth knowledge of the design, manufacture, laying, and maintenance technology of high-speed turnouts. - The first book in the world to focus explicitly on high-speed turnouts, including design, construction, maintenance and management of high speed turnouts - Expounds the theory of vehicle-turnout system coupling dynamics in detail, aligning this with several examples of computation, and examines the results of dynamic experiments which validate the theory - Written by Ping Wang, who is recognized as a leading researcher and main developer of high-speed turnouts in China
In about the 11th century BC, the Shang Dynasty declined in national strength, and was destroyed by King Wu of Zhou and a capital was established in Haojing- west of what is now Xi'an, in Shanxi Province. This period is known as the Western Zhou Dynasty. Handicrafts were monopolised by the royal family and were characterised by more extensive distribution than the Shang Dynasty with more workshops and finer division of labour. Jade was only one of the many handicrafts and as something of value was very popular among royals and vassals. The pieces of importance were artefacts are: the Y3 Tomb of the Gongyu State in Baoji of Shaanxi, Guo State Tombs in Sanenxia, Luoyang, Henan Province and the Jing State tomb of Gong Yu State in Houma of Shanxi. From this period there are also bronze wares and ceramics. In this period bronze wares changed in type, shape and inscription, emblazonary and casting. Ceramics developed significantly and hand stamped hand-made pottery flourished. This book, the second in a ten-volume collection, brings to the English-speaking world a series of books from China which has been complied by an Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Cultural Relics. There are 383 descriptions.
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