Social justice is a matter of life and death. It affects the way people live, their consequent chance of illness, and their risk of premature death. We watch in wonder as life expectancy and good health continue to increase in parts of the world and in alarm as they fail to improve in others.
Development strategies in a number of sectors can have adverse consequences for health and the environment. This report looks in particular at food and agriculture, water, energy, industry, and urbanization, in each case, examining the adverse health effects of various sectoral policies and recommending approaches and action aimed at mitigating or preventing them. The discussion is underpinned by concern for the principles of a more equitable access to resources both within and between countries, and participation of the public in formulating, implementing and evaluating plans and projects... [Editeur]
Social justice is a matter of life and death. It affects the way people live, their consequent chance of illness, and their risk of premature death. We watch in wonder as life expectancy and good health continue to increase in parts of the world and in alarm as they fail to improve in others.
Overweight and obesity have become urgent global health issues in recent decades. Globally the number of overweight children under the age of 5 years has increased from 32 million in 2000 to 41 million in 2014 corresponding to an increase in prevalence from 5.0% to 6.1%. It is estimated that at the current pace by 2020 some 9% of all children under 5 years will be overweight. Furthermore an increase in adult obesity prevalence has been observed in all countries and globally the prevalence of obesity among adults has doubled from 1980 to 2014 from 5% to 11% for men and from 8% to 15% for women. Overweight and obesity were estimated to account for 3.4 million deaths annually and 93.6 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) 1 in 2010. The burden of overweight and obesity is inequitably distributed and affects some population groups and geographical areas more than others based on their social characteristics which are also inequitably distributed. Vulnerability to overweight and obesity might depend on for instance urban or rural residence socioeconomic status ethnicity or the geographical area where people live and their nutritional status in the first 1000 days of life. This report intends to assist policy-makers in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region by contributing to a better understanding of the unequal distribution of overweight and obesity in the Region and by providing policy options to address the social determinants of overweight and obesity. Identifying vulnerable population groups or areas can help policymakers programme managers and other actors to improve programme targeting and increase the effectiveness and improve the health and well-being of the most vulnerable.
Although poverty and gender significantly influence health and socio-economic development, health professionals are not always adequately prepared to address such issues in their work. This publication, one of a set of modules intended for use in pre-service and in-service training of health professionals in the Western Pacific Region, focuses on the inter-relationship between poverty and health, including definitions of poverty and its multiple dimensions; indicators of poverty including methods of determining the prevalence of poverty and inequality within a community; how the health care system can address issues of poverty, with a special focus on low-income women and those from other marginalised or vulnerable groups.
This technical brief provides information to inform Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) and wastewater elements within multi-sectoral antimicrobial resistance (AMR) national action plans (NAPs). It includes a summary of evidence and the co-benefits rationale for action in each sector and presents a menu of actions for consideration and refinement in each country context. The technical brief also identifies sector specific policy options and to additional information, including knowledge gaps and research needs, as well as additional technical resources to support planning and implementation.
Development strategies in a number of sectors can have adverse consequences for health and the environment. This report looks in particular at food and agriculture, water, energy, industry, and urbanization, in each case, examining the adverse health effects of various sectoral policies and recommending approaches and action aimed at mitigating or preventing them. The discussion is underpinned by concern for the principles of a more equitable access to resources both within and between countries, and participation of the public in formulating, implementing and evaluating plans and projects... [Editeur]
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