Provides all new material on urban, industrial, and highway pollution, as well as on management and restoration of streams, lakes, and watershed management techniques. * Includes revised chapters on agricultural diffuse pollution; control of urban, highway, and industrial diffuse pollution; and wetlands considerations. * All regulatory data is up to date, with new material provided on judicial law based on significant decisions made in recent years.
A guide for urban areas to achieve sustainability by recovering water, energy, and solids Integrated Sustainable Urban Water, Energy, and Solids Management presents an integrated and sustainable system of urban water, used (waste) water, and waste solids management that would save and protect water quality, recover energy and other resources from used water and waste solids including plastics, and minimize or eliminate the need for landfills. The author—a noted expert on the topic—explains how to accomplish sustainability with drainage infrastructures connected to receiving waters that protect or mimic nature and are resilient to natural and anthropogenic stresses, including extreme events. The book shows how to reduce emissions of greenhouse gasses to net zero level through water conservation, recycling, and generating blue and green energy from waste by emerging emission free technologies while simultaneously installing solar power on houses and wind power in communities. Water conservation and stormwater capture can provide good water quality for diverse applications from natural and reclaimed water to blue and green energy and other resources for use by present and future generations. This important book: Considers municipal solid waste as an ongoing source of energy and resources that will eliminate the need for landfills and can be processed along with used water Presents an integrated approach to urban sustainability Offers an approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by communities to net zero Written for students, urban planners, managers, and waste management professionals, Integrated Sustainable Urban Water, Energy, and Solids Management is a must-have guide for achieving sustainable integrated water, energy, and resource recovery in urban areas.
The current literature compartmentalizes the complex issue of water and wastewater into its discrete components; technology, planning, policy, construction, economics, etc. Considered from the perspective of sustainability, however, water in the urban environment must be approached as a single resource that can be continuously reused and recycled. This book will be the first to capture all of the current work on this idea in a single, integrated, plan for designing the water-centric cities of the future. From new construction to the retrofitting of existing systems, this book presents the case for a new urban relationship to water, one with a more sustainable connection to the environment and the hydrological cycle. Through case studies of successfully planned and built systems around the world, the book will educate the reader about the need for a new approach to urban water management, and make the case that these changes are not only possible but imperative.
Reinventing Politics gives an account of East European politics from the time of Soviet domination to the 1989-90 revolutions, and considers the effect of tyranny on East European culture and politics, the chances for successful and harmonious development in the region, and its relationship with the rest of Europe. “Using primary materials from Eastern European democratic movements, Tismaneanu shows how dissident enclaves, grassroots political groups, independent unions and underground initiatives spearheaded the spontaneous outbursts of discontent that led to the nonviolent collapse of communist dictatorships…In an illuminating, exciting comparative analysis of the breakup of the Soviet Union's outer empire, Tismaneanu …identifies bureaucratic inertia, renascent authoritarian tendencies and the lure of populist adventurers as key obstacles to democracy.” —Publishers Weekly
Well-structured and adopting a pedagogical approach, this self-contained monograph covers the fundamentals of scanning probe microscopy, showing how to use the techniques for investigating physical and chemical properties on the nanoscale and how they can be used for a wide range of soft materials. It concludes with a section on the latest techniques in nanomanipulation and patterning. This first book to focus on the applications is a must-have for both newcomers and established researchers using scanning probe microscopy in soft matter research. From the contents: * Atomic Force Microscopy and Other Advanced Imaging Modes * Probing of Mechanical, Thermal Chemical and Electrical Properties * Amorphous, Poorly Ordered and Organized Polymeric Materials * Langmuir-Blodgett and Layer-by-Layer Structures * Multi-Component Polymer Systems and Fibers * Colloids and Microcapsules * Biomaterials and Biological Structures * Nanolithography with Intrusive AFM Tipand Dip-Pen Nanolithography * Microcantilever-Based Sensors
This book covers linear and nonlinear optics as well as optical spectroscopy at solid surfaces and at interfaces between a solid and a liquid or gas. The authors give a concise introduction to the physics of surfaces and interfaces. They discuss in detail physical properties of solid surfaces and of their interfaces to liquids and gases and provide the theoretical background for understanding various optical techniques. The major part of the book is dedicated to a broad review on optical techniques and topical applications such as infrared and optical spectroscopy or optical microscopy. Discussions of nonlinear optics, but also nano-optics and local spectroscopy complement this self-contained work. Helpful features include about 50 problems with solutions, a glossary and a thoroughly elaborated list of topical references. The book is suited as a text for graduate students but also for scientists working in physics, chemistry, materials or life sciences who look for an expert introduction to surface optical aspects of their studies.
This is the first time detailed and updated information on the targeted delivery of imaging agents has been collected into a single handbook. This comprehensive volume presents the scientific background together with the latest experimental and clinical data in this fast-growing area. The Handbook of Targeted Delivery of Imaging Agents meets the requirements of the broadest audience including researchers, practitioners, and students. The basic principles of targeted delivery of imaging are presented and discussed together with various imaging agents and different imaging modalities such as gamma-imaging, MR-imaging, and CT, PET, and SPECT imaging. The book consists of eight parts and 39 chapters covering all aspects of targeted drug delivery-from the imaging theory and chemistry of imaging agents to their experimental and clinical use for targeted visualization of cancer, including ovarian, prostate, colorectal, and thyroid cancer, cardiovascular (atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and thromboses) and neurological diseases, infection, and inflammation sites. A special section discusses the targeted delivery of imaging agents into lymph nodes, which are often sites of metasteses during different malignant diseases. Monoclonal antibody-based targeted imaging agents are considered together with new approaches involving the use of labeled micelles, liposomes, and polymer-coated particles. The book describes the possible application of designer antibodies for the delivery of diagnostic agents, including the preparation, properties, labeling, and experimental use of multifunctional antibodies. The alternative improvement of antibody-directed targeting describes the application of avidin-biotin system for the delivery of imaging agents. Long circulating blood pool imaging agents are considered as a special group of organ-specific pharmaceuticals. The latest trends in the synthesis of immunoscintigraphic, MR, and CT agents are presented. This Handbook of Targeted Delivery of Imaging Agents is a must-have reference for all those who need to stay abreast of the latest developments in this hot field.
The Advance Variation is the most ambitious way to meet the solid French Defence. Its popularity among club players is not difficult to understand: by advancing the e-pawn to e5 on the third move, White not only gains space but also blocks in Black’s c8 Bishop and hampers Black’s kingside development by taking away the f6-square. The closed nature of the positions arising from the Advance Variation leads to strategic play where positional understanding is much more important than studying the latest theoretical developments. White can use the advantage in space by building up an attack against the Black king. Grandmaster Evgeny Sveshnikov has played the Advance Variation in countless games with excellent results and is, as former World Champion Anatoly Karpov puts it, ‘the world expert’ in this variation. Together with his son, International Master Vladimir Sveshnikov, he has thoroughly updated and expanded his earlier investigations that he presented in his first book on the French Advance in 2003. The Sveshnikovs know that when you are teaching new patterns it is much more productive to use illustrative games than to show stand-alone, concrete variations. That is why they present many annotated grandmaster games in which they clearly explain the ideas and plans for both sides. They also provide exercises and test positions in order to reinforce what has been learned. After reading and studying this book, White players, from amateurs to Grandmasters, will make their opponents’ lives even more difficult.
Complex Nonlinearity: Chaos, Phase Transitions, Topology Change and Path Integrals is a book about prediction & control of general nonlinear and chaotic dynamics of high-dimensional complex systems of various physical and non-physical nature and their underpinning geometro-topological change. The book starts with a textbook-like expose on nonlinear dynamics, attractors and chaos, both temporal and spatio-temporal, including modern techniques of chaos–control. Chapter 2 turns to the edge of chaos, in the form of phase transitions (equilibrium and non-equilibrium, oscillatory, fractal and noise-induced), as well as the related field of synergetics. While the natural stage for linear dynamics comprises of flat, Euclidean geometry (with the corresponding calculation tools from linear algebra and analysis), the natural stage for nonlinear dynamics is curved, Riemannian geometry (with the corresponding tools from nonlinear, tensor algebra and analysis). The extreme nonlinearity – chaos – corresponds to the topology change of this curved geometrical stage, usually called configuration manifold. Chapter 3 elaborates on geometry and topology change in relation with complex nonlinearity and chaos. Chapter 4 develops general nonlinear dynamics, continuous and discrete, deterministic and stochastic, in the unique form of path integrals and their action-amplitude formalism. This most natural framework for representing both phase transitions and topology change starts with Feynman’s sum over histories, to be quickly generalized into the sum over geometries and topologies. The last Chapter puts all the previously developed techniques together and presents the unified form of complex nonlinearity. Here we have chaos, phase transitions, geometrical dynamics and topology change, all working together in the form of path integrals. The objective of this book is to provide a serious reader with a serious scientific tool that will enable them to actually perform a competitive research in modern complex nonlinearity. It includes a comprehensive bibliography on the subject and a detailed index. Target readership includes all researchers and students of complex nonlinear systems (in physics, mathematics, engineering, chemistry, biology, psychology, sociology, economics, medicine, etc.), working both in industry/clinics and academia.
Microbial Pesticides: Biological Resources, Production and Application provides a concise and accessible introduction on the history of microbial pesticides, their impact on global ecology, human society and economies, as well as a thorough and tangible description of the state-of-the-art technologies available for the production, application, limitations and long–term viability of these bio-products. Information is listed per biological group (i.e., virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microsporidia and microbial metabolites), and is supported by sound scientific data. The book is copiously illustrated, with original pictures clarifying the most common techniques and protocols utilized in microbiological biocontrol technology. Finally, images of all biological active ingredients currently used in commercially produced formulations, as well as laboratory developed formulations, are illustrated and listed in detailed tables for prompt access. - Provides a concise and accessible introduction to the history of microbial pesticides and their impact on global ecology, human society and economies - Offers a thorough and tangible description of state-of-the-art technologies surrounding the production, application, limitations and long-term viability of bio-products - Reports current regulatory measures and protocols used to assess host range and collateral impact(s) of microbial formulations based on virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microsporidia and microbial metabolites - Features lists by biological group (i.e., virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microsporidia and microbial metabolites) - Links sound scientific data and concise, accessible language
Light is in a sense “one-handed” when interacting with atoms of conventional materials. This is because out of the two field components of light, electric and magnetic, only the electric “hand” efficiently probes the atoms of a material, whereas the magnetic component remains relatively unused because the interaction of atoms with the magnetic field component of light is normally weak. Metamaterials, i.e. artificial materials with rationally designed properties, can enable the coupling of both of the field components of light to meta-atoms, enabling entirely new optical properties and exciting applications with such “two-handed” light. Among the fascinating properties is a negative refractive index. The refractive index is one of the most fundamental characteristics of light propagation in materials. Metamaterials with negative refraction may lead to the development of a superlens capable of imaging objects and their fine structures that are much smaller than the wavelength of light. Other exciting applications of metamaterials include novel antennae with superior properties, optical nano-lithography and nano-circuits, and “meta-coatings” that can make objects invisible. The word “meta” means “beyond” in Greek, and in this sense the name “metamaterials” refers to “beyond conventional materials.” Metamaterials are typically man-made and have properties not available in nature. What is so magical about this simple merging of “meta” and “materials” that has attracted so much attention from researchers and has resulted in exponential growth in the number of publications in this area? The answer you can find in this book.
Chemical derivatisation of functional groups has proved popular since the beginning of organic mass spectrometry as a means to enhance the stability and volatility of the analytes as well as facilitating structure elucidation. This book provides comprehensive information on the wide range of derivatisation methods. Each chapter looks at a particular area of derivatisation and includes extensive references to the literature for further research where necessary. There are nearly 1800 references, which, as well as full bibliographic information, include chapter/paper titles where appropriate and Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) to allow easy retrieval of the online version of the referenced publication. The emergence of atmospheric pressure ionisation and other soft ionisation techniques has not diminished the interest in such chemical techniques, as witnessed by the many chemical tags used in quantitative proteomics (Chapter 9). The last two chapters, a substantial part of the book, deal with derivatisation for use with soft ionisation of both small and large molecules. Chapters Silylation Acylation Alkylation (Arylation) Cyclic derivatives Monofunctional compounds Polyfunctional compounds On-line derivatisation/degradation Soft ionisation—small molecules Soft ionisation—large molecules
With its many beautiful colour pictures, this book gives fascinating insights into the unusual forms and behaviour of matter under extremely high pressures and temperatures. These extreme states are generated, among other things, by strong shock, detonation and electric explosion waves, dense laser beams, electron and ion beams, hypersonic entry of spacecraft into dense atmospheres of planets and in many other situations characterized by extremely high pressures and temperatures. Written by one of the world's foremost experts on the topic, this book will inform and fascinate all scientists dealing with materials properties and physics and also serve as an excellent introduction to plasma-, shock-wave and high-energy-density physics for students and newcomers seeking an overview. This second edition is thoroughly revised and expanded, in particular with new material on high energy-density physics, nuclear explosions and other nuclear transformation processes.
Nanomaterials are mainly categorized into three groups: fundamental building blocks, dispersions or composites of building blocks in randomly ordered matrices, and spatially resolved, ordered nanostructures. Today, nanomaterials that offer some unique optical properties may find application as pure materials or may be integrated into larger structures. This book presents examples of both pure and composite materials that include organic–inorganic nanocomposites and quantum dots embedded into different matrices for various applications in modern nanotechnology. This edition has been thoroughly revised and updated with the most recent developments in the field. The newly added introductory paragraphs will help students and young researchers in better understanding the chapters. The new sections on frequently used physical constants and units conversions as well as the updated bibliography add to the book’s utility. This textbook is unique compared with its counterparts in the market in respect of its scope as it contains introductory sections to the important topics on nanomaterial optics. This feature broadens its readership from engineers and researchers working in the field of materials science and optics, to lecturers, graduate students, and beginners who want to deepen their knowledge in nanomaterial optics.
This history of the Romanian Communist Party (RCP) traces its origins as a tiny, clandestine revolutionary organization in the 1920s, to its years in national power from 1944 to 1989, and to the post-1989 metamorphoses.
The use of high-pressure techniques has become popular for studying the nature of substances and phenomena occurring in them, especially as a means of obtaining new materials (synthesis under high pressure) and processing known materials (hydroextrusion). A product of many years of research by the authors and their colleagues, Phase Transitions in Solids under High Pressure discusses the relationships of phase transformations in solids under high pressure, the mechanism of these transformations, crystal geometry, the effect of deformation, the conditions of formation, and preservation of the high-pressure phases under normal pressure. The book begins with an introduction that describes the relationship of the thermodynamics of phase transformations and the kinetics of the transformations. This is followed by a chapter explaining the equipment and mostly original procedures for investigating phase transformation in solids under high hydrostatic and quasi-hydrostatic pressures. The book covers phase transformations under high pressure in a wide temperature range in the elements carbon, silicon, germanium, titanium, zirconium, iron, gallium, and cerium as well as in titanium- and iron-based alloys and AIBVII, AIIBVI, and AIIIBV compounds. In addition, the book examines the kinetics of phase transformations in iron-based alloys in isobaric–isothermal conditions. The authors present results for phase transformations in deformation under high pressure, describe several non-trivial effects associated with phase transformations under high pressure, and analyze the kinetics and hysteresis of high-temperature and low-temperature phase transformations. They conclude by describing the role of investigations under high pressure for determining general relationships governing phase transformations in solids.
Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts, which has appeared in semi-annual volumes since 1969, is devoted to the recording, summarizing and indexing of astronomical publications throughout the world. It is prepared under the auspices of the International Astronomical Union (according to a resolution adopted at the 14th General Assembly in 1970). Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts aims to present a comprehensive documenta tion of literature in all fields of astronomy and astrophysics. Every effort will be made to ensure that the average time interval between the date of receipt of the original literature and publication of the abstracts will not exceed eight months. This time interval is near to that achieved by monthly abstracting journals, compared to which our system of accumu lating abstracts for about six months offers the advantage of greater convenience for the user. Volume 32 contains literature published in 1982 and received before February 11, 1983; some older literature which was received late and which is not recorded in earlier volumes is also included. We acknowledge with thanks contributions to this volume by Dr. J. Bou~a, Prague, who surveyed journals and publications in Czech and supplied us with abstracts in English.
NMR Spectroscopy in Liquids and Solids provides an introduction of the general concepts behind Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and its applications, including how to perform adequate NMR experiments and interpret data collected in liquids and solids to characterize molecule systems in terms of their structure and dynamics.The book is composed of t
A guide for urban areas to achieve sustainability by recovering water, energy, and solids Integrated Sustainable Urban Water, Energy, and Solids Management presents an integrated and sustainable system of urban water, used (waste) water, and waste solids management that would save and protect water quality, recover energy and other resources from used water and waste solids including plastics, and minimize or eliminate the need for landfills. The author—a noted expert on the topic—explains how to accomplish sustainability with drainage infrastructures connected to receiving waters that protect or mimic nature and are resilient to natural and anthropogenic stresses, including extreme events. The book shows how to reduce emissions of greenhouse gasses to net zero level through water conservation, recycling, and generating blue and green energy from waste by emerging emission free technologies while simultaneously installing solar power on houses and wind power in communities. Water conservation and stormwater capture can provide good water quality for diverse applications from natural and reclaimed water to blue and green energy and other resources for use by present and future generations. This important book: Considers municipal solid waste as an ongoing source of energy and resources that will eliminate the need for landfills and can be processed along with used water Presents an integrated approach to urban sustainability Offers an approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by communities to net zero Written for students, urban planners, managers, and waste management professionals, Integrated Sustainable Urban Water, Energy, and Solids Management is a must-have guide for achieving sustainable integrated water, energy, and resource recovery in urban areas.
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