The modern microprocessor based electronic equipment most vulnerable to Intentional Destructive Electromagnetic Interferences (IDEI) includes High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) in all substation equipment. However, power equipment and especially transformers are also subject to the influence of HEMP. The book discusses problems and solutions for both kinds of substation equipment. Separated into eight chapters, the book covers: Technological progress and its consequences; Intentional Destructive Electromagnetic Interferences (IDEI); Methods and means of Digital Protective Relay (DPR) protection from electromagnetic pulse; Passive methods and means of DPR protection from electromagnetic pulse; Active methods and means of DPR protection from electromagnetic pulse; Tests of DPR resistance to IDEI impacts; Organizational and technical measures to protect DPR from HEMP; and Protection of power equipment and transformers from HEMP. Key features: Practical approach focusing on technical solutions for difficult problems. Full data on electromagnetic threats and methods of their prevention are concentrated. Addresses a gap in knowledge in the power system industry. This book emphasizes practical recommendations on protection of power substations' electric equipment from IDEI that intended for not only staff operating electric equipment, but also for manufacturers of this equipment, specialists of designing companies, managers of electric energy industry as well as for teachers and postgraduate students.
Digital (microprocessor-based) protection relays (DPR) are dominating the global market today, essentially pushing all other types of relays out of the picture. These devices play a vital role in power operations for fields ranging from manufacturing, transportation, and communication to banking and healthcare. Digital Protective Relays: Problems and Solutions offers a unique focus on the problems and disadvantages associated with their use, a crucial aspect that goes largely unexamined. While there is already a massive amount of literature documenting the benefits of using digital relays, devices as sophisticated as DPR obviously have faults and drawbacks that need to be understood. This book covers these, delving into the less familiar inner workings of DPR to fill a critical literary void and help decision makers and specialists in the field of protection relays find their way out of the informational vacuum. The book provides vital information to assist them in evaluating relay producers' claims and then choose the right product. Tearing away the informational "curtain" that exists today, this book: Describes construction of functional modules of existing relays Analyzes drawbacks and problems of digital relays Details specific technical problems and their solutions Assesses dangers of intentional destructive electromagnetic intrusions Discusses alternative (non-microprocessor-based) protection relays, and problems related to international standards Focusing on practical solutions, this book explains how to correctly choose digital relays and ensure their proper use while avoiding the many problems they can present. The author avoids mathematics and theory in favor of more practical, tangible information not easily found elsewhere. Setting itself apart from other books on the subject, this volume shines a light into the long hidden "black box" of information
Cyber and Electromagnetic Threats in Modern Relay Protection provides a detailed overview of the vulnerabilities of digital protection relays to natural and intentional destructive impacts, including cyber attacks and electromagnetic intrusions. From lightning strikes, electromagnetic fields generated by operating equipment, and issues with control cable shielding to modern technical tools that realize intentional destructive impacts remotely, this first-of-its-kind text covers the latest cyber and electromagnetic threats to digital protection relays. Emphasizing the importance of relay protection to the infrastructure of a country, this book: Explains how technological advances in the power industry, like the smart grid, can create dangerous vulnerabilities Discusses traditional passive means of protection, such as screened cabinets, filters, cables, special materials, and covers Describes advanced protective solutions based on hardware methods Cyber and Electromagnetic Threats in Modern Relay Protection is a valuable reference for engineers involved in the design, development, and use of relay protection. It is also beneficial for scientists, researchers, and students of vocational schools and technical universities.
How do you protect electrical systems from high energy electromagnetic pulses? This book completes the overview of systems and practices against EMPs from high altitude sources started with the previous "Protecting Electrical Equipment - Good Practices for preventing high altitude electromagnetic pulse impacts", including practical protection methods and means for evaluating their effectiveness.
How do you protect electrical systems from high energy electromagnetic pulses? This book is designed for researchers who wish to design toughned systems against EMPs from high altitude sources. It discusses numerous factors affectíng the strength of EMPs as well as their impact on electronic components, devices and power electrical equipment. This book includes practical protection methods and means for evaluating their effectiveness.
Power Supply Devices and Systems of Relay Protection brings relay protection and electrical power engineers a single, concentrated source of information on auxiliary power supply systems and devices. The book also tackles specific problems and solutions of relay protection power supply systems and devices, which are often not dealt with in the literature. The author, an experienced engineer with more than 100 patents, draws on his own experience to offer practical, tested advice to readers. A Guide to Relay Protection Power Supply for Engineers and Technicians The first chapter reviews the electronics and primary elements of the system, including transistors, thyristors, optocouplers, logic elements, and relays, and their principles of operation. This background gives staff who service relay protection power supply systems the necessary electronics knowledge to help them work more effectively with the equipment. The next chapters of the book then cover built-in digital protection relay power supplies, battery chargers, accumulator batteries, uninterruptible power supply, and characteristic features of auxiliary DC systems at substations and power plants. The final chapters discuss questions and problems that engineers and technicians may face. These include insulation problems, issues in auxiliary DC power supply such as voltage dips, and electromagnetic disturbances such as blackouts, spikes, and surges. The author also explains how to address them. Suitable for beginners and experienced engineers alike, the book is written for those who work with relay protection systems and with AC and DC auxiliary power systems in power plants and substations. It combines theory and practical recommendations to provide a valuable reference on power supply devices and systems.
Is it possible to design and make automatic devices for industrial and power engineering without microcircuits and microprocessors and without complex power supplies? Electronic Devices on Discrete Components for Industrial and Power Engineering answers the question above with a resounding “Yes!” by describing ten original automatic devices based exclusively on modern discrete components. The book reveals that devices based on high-voltage transistors and thyristors as well as miniature vacuum and high power gas-filled reed switches are actually much simpler to implement and more reliable than traditional devices. By identifying elementary functional modules and the basic working principles of semi-conductor devices, the text allows for the construction of complete automatic devices. It also contains an extensive reference section that includes information on modern high-voltage bipolar, FET and IGBT transistors, thyristors and triacs, as well as reed switches.
This publication discusses general problems related to the structure of current overload protection systems in high voltage (HV) electrical installations and introduces a family of new devices based on reed switch contacts, solid-state units, hybrid technology and automatic systems based on these components. It highlights their application in high
Electric relays pervade the electronics that dominate our world. They exist in many forms, fulfill many roles, and each have their own behavioral nuances and peculiarities. To date, there exists no comprehensive reference surveying the broad spectrum of electric relays, save one-Electric Relays: Principles and Applications. This ambitious work is not only unique in its scope, but also in its practical approach that focuses on the operational and functional aspects rather than on theory and mathematics. Accomplished engineer Dr. Vladimir Gurevich builds the presentation from first principles, unfolding the concepts and constructions via discussion of their historical development from the earliest ideas to modern technologies. He uses a show-not-tell approach that employs nearly 1300 illustrations and reveals valuable insight based on his extensive experience in the field. The book begins with the basic principles of relay construction and the major functional parts, such as contact and magnetic systems. Then, it devotes individual chapters to the various types of relays. The author describes the principles of function and construction for each type as well as features of several relays belonging to a type that operate on different principles. Remarkably thorough and uniquely practical, Electric Relays: Principles and Applications serves as the perfect introduction to the plethora of electric relays and offers a quick-reference guide for the experienced engineer.
Who is this Vladimir Putin? Who is this man who suddenly--overnight and without warning--was handed the reigns of power to one of the most complex, formidable, and volatile countries in the world? How can we trust him if we don't know him? First Person is an intimate, candid portrait of the man who holds the future of Russia in his grip. An extraordinary compilation of over 24 hours of in-depth interviews and remarkable photographs, it delves deep into Putin's KGB past and explores his meteoric rise to power. No Russian leader has ever subjected himself to this kind of public examination of his life and views. Both as a spy and as a virtual political unknown until selected by Boris Yeltsin to be Prime Minister, Putin has been regarded as man of mystery. Now, the curtain lifts to reveal a remarkable life of struggles and successes. Putin's life story is of major importance to the world.
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