The political map of Eastern Europe changed dramatically in December 1991 when the leaders of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine huddled together in a Bielavieza Forest retreat and decided to dissolve the 15 union republics, which composed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). One of those republics was the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR). A United Nations member since 1945, Belarus has a rich cultural heritage that is seen as a promising base for the development of a solid national identity and for real independence. It is this cultural heritage and sense of history that nourish the ongoing efforts of the nationalist minority, as well as the larger democratic opposition, to resist the regime of President Alaksandr Luka?enka who is bent on restoring ties to Russia. Thus Belarus, with its burdens of the past and potential for the future, finds itself in a struggle that will affect not only its own destiny, but also the international structure of Eastern Europe. The A to Z of Belarus—through its chronology, introductory essays, appendixes, map, bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on important persons, places, events, and institutions and significant political, economic, social, and cultural aspects—traces Belarus' history and provides a compass for the direction the country is heading.
Iran has received much attention from a geopolitical and regional standpoint, but its economic challenges have not attracted a similar degree of interest. With a population of 69 million, considerable hydrocarbon resources, a dynamic and entrepreneurial middle class, and a relatively well-educated labor force, Iran's economic potential is considerable. This volume takes stock of critical developments in the Iranian economy in recent years. The study reviews the key issues and policy responses, highlights the nature of the challenges ahead, and draws implications for the next phase of reforms. The authors conclude that major challenges remain, although significant advances have been made in recent years in opening up the economy to international trade and foreign direct investment, encouraging the private sector, removing exchange restrictions, reforming the tax system, and enhancing macroeconomic management.
A fearless deep dive into the 2020 election from former MSNBC “Road Warrior” and now NBC Capitol Hill correspondent Ali Vitali, who covered the campaign trail every step of the way—investigating the gendered double standards placed on women presidential candidates of that cycle and those who came before, and what it will take for a woman to finally break the glass ceiling and win the White House. Opening with the moment when Joe Biden and Kamala Harris were finally declared the winners of the 2020 race—the long, drawn-out journey towards who would next inhabit the White House, and the resulting and disputed defeat of Donald Trump, Electable is a sweeping look at a lingering question from that Presidential race. Why, when we saw more women run for President of the United States than ever before in our history, did we still not cross that final hurdle? Following the 2020 race minute by minute as the reporter embedded with Elizabeth Warren, Ali Vitali witnessed up-close the way that our most recent election was unique—not simply for the way in which the incumbent conducted himself, but for the ways in which the field, rich with Democrats from all kinds of backgrounds, was both modern but also more of the same. With more female candidates than ever before, this was a history-making race, and yet these women—most of them incredibly qualified with decades of public service on their resumes—dealt once again with a different level of scrutiny than their male counterparts. Woven throughout is close examination of the treatment of Hillary Clinton, Geraldine Ferraro, Shirley Chisholm, and those on the right as well. Grappling with ideas around the “likeability” and “electability” issues, as well as fundraising hurdles many female candidates face, Vitali asks the same questions she and so many have been grappling with for decades, but especially since Hillary Clinton’s devastating defeat in 2016: Why is it so hard for a woman to be taken seriously as a presidential contender? What will it take for men and women to be held to the same standard? What happens next? Electable tackles these questions, with specific, behind-the-scenes, play-by-play detail. Gabbard, Harris, Williamson, Gillibrand, Warren, Klobuchar…and then there were none.
The adverse consequences of pollution impact on terrestrial ecosystems have been under careful investigation since the beginning of the twentieth century. Several thousand case studies have documented the biotic effects occurring in contaminated areas. However, after more than a century of research, ecologists are still far from understanding the effects of pollution on biota. Only a few generalisations have been made on the basis of extensive monitoring programs and numerous expe- ments with industrial contaminants. The need to reveal general patterns in the responses of terrestrial biota to ind- trial pollution and to identify the sources of variation in these responses became obvious more than a decade ago. At about that time, our team initiated a quanti- tive research synthesis of the biotic effects caused by industrial pollution, based on 1 a meta-analysis of published data. All meta-analyses conducted so far (covering diversity and abundance of soil microfungi, diversity of vascular plants, diversity and abundance of terrestrial arthropods, and plant growth and reproduction) c- sistently showed high heterogeneity in the responses of terrestrial biota to industrial pollution. At the same time, they demonstrated an unexpected shortage of infor- tion suitable for meta-analyses, as well as a considerable influence of methodology of primary studies on the outcome of the research syntheses. To overcome the identified problems, we designed a comparative study, the results of which are reported in this book.
This book deals with the geometrical structure of finite dimensional normed spaces, as the dimension grows to infinity. This is a part of what came to be known as the Local Theory of Banach Spaces (this name was derived from the fact that in its first stages, this theory dealt mainly with relating the structure of infinite dimensional Banach spaces to the structure of their lattice of finite dimensional subspaces). Our purpose in this book is to introduce the reader to some of the results, problems, and mainly methods developed in the Local Theory, in the last few years. This by no means is a complete survey of this wide area. Some of the main topics we do not discuss here are mentioned in the Notes and Remarks section. Several books appeared recently or are going to appear shortly, which cover much of the material not covered in this book. Among these are Pisier's [Pis6] where factorization theorems related to Grothendieck's theorem are extensively discussed, and Tomczak-Jaegermann's [T-Jl] where operator ideals and distances between finite dimensional normed spaces are studied in detail. Another related book is Pietch's [Pie].
School bullies are a fact of life, but what can parents really do to protect their children? Keith Vitali, a martial arts expert who has offered his advice on Oprah and given seminars around the country, provides the answer in Bullyproof Your Child. His book presents advice to parents on identifying the signs of verbal bullying, physical bullying, and cyberbullying and offers techniques proven to help children faced with bullying. Now any mom and dad can build a child’s confidence, offer advice on parrying verbal abuse, and—as a last resort—teach appropriate self-defense strategies. Vitali explains exactly what bullies are and what motivates them, recounts real-life incidents that provide insight into the physical and emotional harm bullies can inflict, and details his self-defense techniques with more than 150 color photographs and easy-to-follow, step-by-step descriptions. No child should live in fear of a bully, and no parent should be without Vitali’s invaluable advice. Now they won’t have to.
Belarus is one of fifteen successor states of the former Soviet Union. It’s the only post-Soviet state that is in full of control of its territory and has no territorial conflicts with its neighbors. It’s squeezed between Russia and the European Union. Belarus had never been an independent nation prior to the Soviet Union’s disintegration and its identity is still evolving. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Belarus contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Belarus.
Filled with innovative tips and advice for the fine artist on a budget, The Fine Artist's Guide to Marketing and Self-Promotion teaches you how to function as your own press agent. Learn how to create attention grabbing publicity videos, press releases, and e-mails; exhibit and publish your work in magazines and newspapers; assemble grant proposals; write effective résumés; use slides, CDs, Web sites, and other photographic and digital reproductions to get your work into the public eye, and how to qualify for arts-in-education residencies and artists’ communities. This updated book also features extensive listings of organizations, services, publications, and other vital resources, along with in-depth profiles of successful artists who have developed effective techniques for marketing and promoting their work. If you’re ready to take charge of your art career, you can’t afford to be without the information contained in this handy guide.
In this IBM® Redbooks® publication, we discuss and describe the positioning, functions, capabilities, and advanced programming techniques for IBM InfoSphereTM Streams (V2), a new paradigm and key component of IBM Big Data platform. Data has traditionally been stored in files or databases, and then analyzed by queries and applications. With stream computing, analysis is performed moment by moment as the data is in motion. In fact, the data might never be stored (perhaps only the analytic results). The ability to analyze data in motion is called real-time analytic processing (RTAP). IBM InfoSphere Streams takes a fundamentally different approach to Big Data analytics and differentiates itself with its distributed runtime platform, programming model, and tools for developing and debugging analytic applications that have a high volume and variety of data types. Using in-memory techniques and analyzing record by record enables high velocity. Volume, variety and velocity are the key attributes of Big Data. The data streams that are consumable by IBM InfoSphere Streams can originate from sensors, cameras, news feeds, stock tickers, and a variety of other sources, including traditional databases. It provides an execution platform and services for applications that ingest, filter, analyze, and correlate potentially massive volumes of continuous data streams. This book is intended for professionals that require an understanding of how to process high volumes of streaming data or need information about how to implement systems to satisfy those requirements. See: http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg247865.html for the IBM InfoSphere Streams (V1) release.
Family Storytelling as Authentic Pedagogy explores the use of family storytelling as a culturally responsible pedagogy for teacher candidates. Drawing on insights from a 10-year storytelling project utilizing the Chautauqua form of storytelling, it documents and describes a writing workshop process from the perspectives of teacher candidates acting in the role of storytelling and literacy coaches. It thereby showcases how Chautauqua storytelling can be used as an effective pedagogic strategy to recognize, value, and validate students’ lived experiences and advocates the teaching of Language Arts as experiential and authentic learning, which draws from the multicultural and multilingual perspectives of students. Serving as a resource for both researchers and pre- and in-service educators, it will appeal to scholars and practitioners with interests in literacy education, culturally responsive pedagogy, culturally relevant pedagogy, culturally sustaining pedagogy, critical pedagogy, critical race theory, liberatory pedagogy, storytelling arts, and Language Arts.
Bioterrorism poses a unique challenge to the medical care and public health systems. Unlike an explosion or chemical attack, which results in immediate and visible casualties, the public health impact of a biological attack can unfold gradually over time. Until a sufficient number of people arrive at the emergency rooms and doctors' offices complaining of similar illnesses, there may be no sign that an attack has taken place. The speed and accuracy with which the doctors and laboratories reach the correct diagnoses and report their findings to public health authorities has a direct impact on the number of people who become ill, and the number that die. The nation's ability to respond to a bioterrorist attack, therefore, depends crucially on the state of preparedness of its medical care systems and public health infrastructure. Public health experts have for years complained about the deterioration of the public health system through neglect and lack of funding. They warn that the nation is ill equipped and insufficiently prepared to respond to a bioterrorist attack. For example, they point out that there are too few medical personnel trained to spot biological attacks, a shortage of sophisticated laboratories to identify the agents, and inadequate supplies of drugs and vaccines to counteract the threat. They also contend that inadequate plans exist for setting up quarantines and emergency facilities to handle the sick and infectious victims. Improving public health preparedness and response capacity offers protection not only from bioterrorist attacks, but also from naturally occurring public health emergencies. Public health officials are increasingly concerned about our exposure and susceptibility to infectious disease and food-borne illness because of global travel, ubiquitous food imports, and the evolution of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This book reviews critical issues in the US public system and its vulnerability or lack thereof to bioterrorism.
The authors present the theory of asymptotic geometric analysis, a field which lies on the border between geometry and functional analysis. In this field, isometric problems that are typical for geometry in low dimensions are substituted by an "isomorphic" point of view, and an asymptotic approach (as dimension tends to infinity) is introduced. Geometry and analysis meet here in a non-trivial way. Basic examples of geometric inequalities in isomorphic form which are encountered in the book are the "isomorphic isoperimetric inequalities" which led to the discovery of the "concentration phenomenon", one of the most powerful tools of the theory, responsible for many counterintuitive results. A central theme in this book is the interaction of randomness and pattern. At first glance, life in high dimension seems to mean the existence of multiple "possibilities", so one may expect an increase in the diversity and complexity as dimension increases. However, the concentration of measure and effects caused by convexity show that this diversity is compensated and order and patterns are created for arbitrary convex bodies in the mixture caused by high dimensionality. The book is intended for graduate students and researchers who want to learn about this exciting subject. Among the topics covered in the book are convexity, concentration phenomena, covering numbers, Dvoretzky-type theorems, volume distribution in convex bodies, and more.
Mastering a Museum Plan offers a methodology for the creation of museum installations, whether they are small exhibits or museum-wide presentations. Houtgraaf and Vitali draw on their own museum planning experience at Naturalis to highlight six key areas on which installation planning should focus: intellectual and narrative content, spatial organization, the roles of team members, the role of the steering committee, a detailed timeline, and a budget. Mastering a Museum Plan provides an optimal structure for successful planning, one that allows a museum to articulate its message, organize its development activity, avoid the need for crisis management, and prevent the loss of human and material resources.
This book provides readers with a valuable reference on cyber weapons and, in particular, viruses, software and hardware Trojans. The authors discuss in detail the most dangerous computer viruses, software Trojans and spyware, models of computer Trojans affecting computers, methods of implementation and mechanisms of their interaction with an attacker — a hacker, an intruder or an intelligence agent. Coverage includes Trojans in electronic equipment such as telecommunication systems, computers, mobile communication systems, cars and even consumer electronics. The evolutionary path of development of hardware Trojans from "cabinets", "crates" and "boxes" to the microcircuits (IC) is also discussed. Readers will benefit from the detailed review of the major known types of hardware Trojans in chips, principles of their design, mechanisms of their functioning, methods of their introduction, means of camouflaging and detecting, as well as methods of protection and counteraction.
Introduces the methods and language of functional analysis, including Hilbert spaces, Fredholm theory for compact operators and spectral theory of self-adjoint operators. This work presents the theorems and methods of abstract functional analysis and applications of these methods to Banach algebras and theory of unbounded self-adjoint operators.
This book guides readers through the entire complex of interrelated theoretical and practical aspects of the end-to-end design and organization of production of silicon submicron integrated circuits. The discussion includes the theoretical foundations of the operation of field-effect- and bipolar transistors, the methods and peculiarities of the structural and schematic design, basic circuit-design and system-design engineering solutions for bipolar, CMOS, BiCMOS and TTL integrated circuits, standard design libraries, and typical design flows.
Killer Techniquer: Electric Guitar provides concepts and daily routines to help players gain more control over their instrument by improving technique and avoiding injury. The book includes comprehensive workouts and exercises: finger workouts for the left hand and picking exercises for the right. The exercises in thisbook are not written in standard notation or tablature. The patterns that make up the exercises are written with string numbers, fret numbers and/or a fretboard diagram. This will allow guitarists of any background to benefit from the material
This monograph develops an operator viewpoint for functional equations in classical function spaces of analysis, thus filling a void in the mathematical literature. Major constructions or operations in analysis are often characterized by some elementary properties, relations or equations which they satisfy. The authors present recent results on the problem to what extent the derivative is characterized by equations such as the Leibniz rule or the Chain rule operator equation in Ck-spaces. By localization, these operator equations turn into specific functional equations which the authors then solve. The second derivative, Sturm-Liouville operators and the Laplacian motivate the study of certain "second-order" operator equations. Additionally, the authors determine the general solution of these operator equations under weak assumptions of non-degeneration. In their approach, operators are not required to be linear, and the authors also try to avoid continuity conditions. The Leibniz rule, the Chain rule and its extensions turn out to be stable under perturbations and relaxations of assumptions on the form of the operators. The results yield an algebraic understanding of first- and second-order differential operators. Because the authors have chosen to characterize the derivative by algebraic relations, the rich operator-type structure behind the fundamental notion of the derivative and its relatives in analysis is discovered and explored. The book does not require any specific knowledge of functional equations. All needed results are presented and proven and the book is addressed to a general mathematical audience.
Remote Sensing of Sea Ice in the Northern Sea Route: Studies and Applications initially provides a history of the Northern Sea Route as an important strategic transport route for supporting the northern regions of Russia and cargo transportation between Europe and the Northern Pacific Basin. The authors then describe sea ice conditions in the Eurasian Arctic Seas and, using microwave satellite data, provide a detailed analysis of difficult sea ice conditions. Remote sensing techniques and the basic principles of SAR image formation are described, as well as the major satellite radar systems used for ice studies in the Arctic. The authors take a good look at the use of sensing equipment in experiments, including the ICE WATCH project used for monitoring the Northern Sea Route. The possibilities of using SAR remote sensing for ice navigation in the Northern Sea Route is also detailed, analysing techniques of automatic image processing and interpretation. A study is provided of regional drifting ice, fast ice and river ice in the coastal areas of the Arctic Seas. The book concludes with a review of the practical experience using SAR images for supporting navigation and offshore industrial activity, based on a series of experiments conducted with the Murmansk Shipping Company on board nuclear icebreakers.
“‘Granny Yaga’ follows the switchback adventures of a boy called Danya (Danny), born in Eastern Europe, but now living in north London where the local she-dragons are notorious fighters, and any alert passer-by can spot Granny herself flying low over the British Museum. Danny becomes Granny’s aide-de-camp in a life-or-death duel with the demon Koshchei, fought out on the London underground, in disused stations, boarded-up houses and the enchanted skies over Crouch End, with back-up from the relatively orthodox magic of Yesterdayland (huts on chicken legs, talking cats, self-catering tablecloths) and the realpolitik of its neighbouring Soviet satellite, a land of cruel edicts and capricious tsars where the workers are permanently drunk, and the loo seats belonging to each family in a communal flat hang side by side on the wall ‘like luckless horseshoes’. A gripping read for all ages from Danny’s to Granny’s.” —Hilary Spurling
Aimed toward graduate students and research mathematicians, with minimal prerequisites this book provides a fresh take on Alexandrov geometry and explains the importance of CAT(0) geometry in geometric group theory. Beginning with an overview of fundamentals, definitions, and conventions, this book quickly moves forward to discuss the Reshetnyak gluing theorem and applies it to the billiards problems. The Hadamard–Cartan globalization theorem is explored and applied to construct exotic aspherical manifolds.
Fill Alert Drum Book" is a collection of unpublished drum fills.The goal of the book is to give to a drummer the tools for the creation of interesting fills to add to his own drum vocabulary. In the first part are developed the key concepts, from linear coordination to the application of rudiments with effective orchestration easy to read. In the middle section of the book are summarized several ideas with an application of the sticking patterns all around the drums. In the chapter from which the books takes its name there are more than 100 fills with great, granted result: from gospel chops to interesting licks with kickdrum, snare and hi-hat and linear-accented licks.The drum method is recommended to all kinds of drummers.
Dostoyevsky's novels provide profound insight into human psychology and the human soul. To write them, he drew inspiration from his own troubled life: an arrest for subversion; a death sentence spared when he was already in front of the firing squad; four years of hard labor in a Siberian prison camp, a spiritual conversion, a constant addiction to gambling, and the loss of two children that left him a deeply broken man.
This book describes for readers the protection of electronic hardware in space vehicles from the negative effects of space dust and electromagnetic irradiation. The authors explain the mechanisms of “space dust” (high velocity particles in space), the effects on the on-board electronic hardware of space vehicles, and development of protection methods from these influences on humans, equipment and microcircuits. Coverage includes hard-to-find technical information on the design of special boosters for accelerating microparticles to space velocities, techniques for conducting experiments on Earth, data processing, and practical examples. The authors also discuss fabrication technologies and composition of special, radio absorbent materials for protecting space vehicles from the electromagnetic irradiation.
The increasing complexity of problems in semiconductor electronics and optoelectronics has exposed the insufficient potential of the technological doping processes currently used. One of the most promising techniques, which this book explores, is radiation doping: the intentional, directional modification of the properties of semiconductors under the action of various types of radiation. The authors consider the basic principles of proton interactions with single crystal semiconductors on the basis of both theory as well as practical results. All types of proton modifications of the materials known presently are analyzed in detail and exciting new fields of research in this direction are discussed.
This book describes for readers the entire, interconnected complex of theoretical and practical aspects of designing and organizing the production of various electronic devices, the general and main distinguishing feature of which is the high speed of processing and transmitting of digital signals. The authors discuss all the main stages of design - from the upper system level of the hierarchy (telecommunications system, 5G mobile communications) to the lower level of basic semiconductor elements, printed circuit boards. Since the developers of these devices in practice deal with distorted digital signals that are transmitted against a background of interference, the authors not only explain the physical nature of such effects, but also offer specific solutions as to how to avoid such parasitic effects, even at the design stage of high-speed devices.
This invaluable second volume of a two-volume set is filled with details about the integrated circuit design for space applications. Various considerations for the selection and application of electronic components for designing spacecraft are discussed. The basic constructions of submicron transistors and schottky diodes during the technological process of production are explored. This book provides details on the energy consumption minimization methods for microelectronic devices. Specific topics include: Features and physical mechanisms of the effect of space radiation on all the main classes of microcircuits, including peculiarities of radiation impact on submicron integrated circuits;Special design, technology, and schematic methods of increasing the resistance to various types of space radiation;Recommendations for choosing research equipment and methods for irradiating various samples;Microcircuit designers on the composition of test elements for the study of the effect of radiation;Microprocessors, circuit boards, logic microcircuits, digital, analog, digital–analog microcircuits manufactured in various technologies (bipolar, CMOS, BiCMOS, SOI);Problems involved with designing high speed microelectronic devices and systems based on SOS-and SOI-structures;System-on-chip and system-in-package and methods for rejection of silicon microcircuits with hidden defects during mass production.
Alexandrov spaces are defined via axioms similar to those of the Euclid axioms but where certain equalities are replaced with inequalities. Depending on the signs of the inequalities, we obtain Alexandrov spaces with curvature bounded above (CBA) and curvature bounded below (CBB). Even though the definitions of the two classes of spaces are similar, their properties and known applications are quite different. The goal of this book is to give a comprehensive exposition of the structure theory of Alexandrov spaces with curvature bounded above and below. It includes all the basic material as well as selected topics inspired by considering Alexandrov spaces with CBA and with CBB simultaneously. The book also includes an extensive problem list with solutions indicated for every problem.
Capital and popular cinema responds to the need for a more solid academic approach by situating 'low' film genres in their economic and culturally-specific contexts and by exploring the interconnections between those contexts, the immediate industrial-financial interests sustaining the films, and the films' aesthetics.
This paper reviews the exchange regimes of five emerging market countries in the Middle East and North Africa region-Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, and Tunisia-and one oil-exporting country-Iran-to see whether they need to consider adopting more flexible arrangements as they further open their economies to trade and capital flows.
This monograph deals with the behavior of essentially nonlinear heterogeneous materials in processes occurring under intense dynamic loading, where microstructural effects play the main role. This book is not an introduction to the dynamic behavior of materials, and general information available in other books is not included. The material herein is presented in a form I hope will make it useful not only for researchers working in related areas, but also for graduate students. I used it successfully to teach a course on the dynamic behavior of materials at the University of California, San Diego. Another course well suited to the topic may be nonlinear wave dynamics in solids, especially the part on strongly nonlinear waves. About 100 problems presented in the book at the end of each chapter will help the reader to develop a deeper understanding of the subject. I tried to follow a few rules in writing this book: (1) To focus on strongly nonlinear phenomena where there is no small parameter with respect to the amplitude of disturbance, including solitons, shock waves, and localized shear. (2) To take into account phenomena sensitive to materials structure, where typical space scale of material parameters (particle size, cell size) are presented in the models or are variable in experimental research.
Studies of drought have increased in light of new data availability and advances in spatio-temporal analysis. However, the following gaps still need to be filled: 1) methods to characterise drought that explicitly consider its spatio-temporal features, such as spatial extent (area) and pathway; 2) methods to monitor and predict drought that include the above-mentioned characteristics and 3) approaches for visualising and analysing drought characteristics to facilitate interpretation of its variation. This research aims to explore, analyse and propose improvements to the spatio-temporal characterisation of drought. Outcomes provide new perspectives towards better prediction. The following objectives were proposed. 1) Improve the methodology for characterising drought based on the phenomenon’s spatial features. 2) Develop a visual approach to analysing drought variations. 3) Develop a methodology for spatial drought tracking. 4) Explore machine learning (ML) techniques to predict crop-yield responses to drought. The four objectives were addressed and results are presented. Finally, a scope was formulated for integrating ML and the spatio-temporal analysis of drought. Proposed scope opens a new area of potential for drought prediction (i.e. predicting spatial drought tracks and areas). It is expected that the drought tracking and prediction method will help populations cope with drought and its severe impacts.
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