This book introduces the basics of the Internet of Things (IoT) and explores the foundational role of sensors in IoT applications. The IoT is a network of devices and objects: sensors, actuators, hardware, software, human beings, domestic appliances, health monitoring equipment, and other things connected to the internet, which is designed to operate in a coordinated fashion to receive, process, and interpret signals and take appropriate action. It provides a seamless real-time interface between the physical and digital worlds by integrating sensors with networking, computation, and actuation facilities. This book sketches a perspective of the IoT with sensors as the focus of attention. Diverse applications of the IoT that are destined to make an impact on our everyday lives in the near future are discussed. It presents a comprehensive overview of the most recent sensor technologies used in the IoT to keep the reader abreast of the current advances at the frontiers of knowledge. The book will cater to student and professional audiences, and will be useful for postgraduate and Ph.D. students studying physics, engineering, and computer science as well as researchers, engineers, and industrial workers engaged in this fast-progressing field. Key Features: • Explains the basic concepts and important terms of ‘Internet of Things’ in simple language • Provides an up-to-date coverage of the key sensors used in IoT applications • Explores IoT applications in smart cities, smart agriculture, smart factory, and many more
Compared to traditional electrical filaments, arc lamps, and fluorescent lamps, solid-state lighting offers higher efficiency, reliability, and environmentally friendly technology. LED / solid-state lighting is poised to take over conventional lighting due to cost savings-there is pretty much no debate about this. In response to the recent activity
Nanosensors are innovative devices that exploit the unique properties exhibited by matter at the nanoscale. A growing and exciting field, nanosensors have recently spurred considerable research endeavors across the globe, driving a need for the development of new device concepts and engineering nanostructured materials with controlled properties. Nanosensors: Physical, Chemical, and Biological, Second Edition offers a panoramic view of the field and related nanotechnologies with extraordinary clarity and depth. Presenting an interdisciplinary approach, blending physics, chemistry and biology, this new edition is broad in scope and organised into six parts; beginning with the fundamentals before moving onto nanomaterials and nanofabrication technologies in the second part. The third and fourth parts provide a critical appraisal of physical nanosensors, and explore the chemical and biological categories of nanosensors. The fifth part sheds light on the emerging applications of nanosensors in the sectors of society, industry, and defense and details the cutting-edge applications of state-of-the-art nanosensors in environmental science, food technology, medical diagnostics, and biotechnology. The final part addresses self-powering and networking issues of nanosensors, and provides glimpses of future trends. This is an ideal reference for researchers and industry professionals engaged in the frontier areas of material science and semiconductor fabrication as well as graduate students in physics and engineering pursuing electrical engineering and electronics courses with a focus on nanoscience and nanotechnology. Key features: Provides an updated, all-encompassing exploration of contemporary nanosensors and highlights the exclusive nanoscale properties on which nanosensors are designed. Presents an accessible approach with a question-and-answer format to allow an easy grasp of the intricacies involved in the complex working mechanisms of devices. Contains clear, illustrative diagrams enabling the visualization of nanosensor operations, along with worked examples, end of chapter questions, and exhaustive up-to-date bibliographies appended to each chapter.
A comprehensive and "state-of-the-art" coverage of the design and fabrication of IGBT. All-in-one resource Explains the fundamentals of MOS and bipolar physics. Covers IGBT operation, device and process design, power modules, and new IGBT structures.
Keeping nanoelectronics in focus, this book looks at interrelated fields namely nanomagnetics, nanophotonics, nanomechanics and nanobiotechnology, that go hand-in-hand or are likely to be utilized in future in various ways for backing up or strengthening nanoelectronics. Complementary nanosciences refer to the alternative nanosciences that can be combined with nanoelectronics. The book brings students and researchers from multiple disciplines (and therefore with disparate levels of knowledge, and, more importantly, lacunae in this knowledge) together and to expose them to the essentials of integrative nanosciences. The central idea is that the five identified disciplines overlap significantly and arguably cohere into one fundamental nanotechnology discipline. The book caters to interdisciplinary readership in contrast to many of the existing nanotechnology related books that relate to a specific discipline. The book lays special emphasis on nanoelectronics since this field has advanced most rapidly amongst all the nanotechnology disciplines and with significant commercial pervasion. In view of the significant impact that nanotechnology is predicted to have on society, the topics and their interrelationship in this book are of considerable interest and immense value to students, professional engineers, and reserachers.
Presenting a comprehensive overview of a rapidly burgeoning field blending solar cell technology with nanotechnology, the book covers topics such as solar cell basics, nanotechnology fundamentals, nanocrystalline silicon-based solar cells, nanotextured-surface solar cells, plasmon-enhanced solar cells, optically-improved nanoengineered solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, 2D perovskite and 2D/3D multidimensional perovskite solar cells, carbonaceous nanomaterial-based solar cells, quantum well solar cells, nanowire solar cells and quantum dot solar cells. The book provides an in-depth and lucid presentation of the subject matter in an elegant, easy-to-understand writing style, starting from basic knowledge through principles of operation and fabrication of devices to advanced research levels encompassing the recent breakthroughs and cutting-edge innovations. It will be useful for graduate and PhD students, scientists, and engineers. Key features: * Builds an integrated perspective of photovoltaics by highlighting the essential role of nanotechnology in each type of solar cell. * Performs simplified mathematical analysis of operational mechanisms of nanostructured solar cells supplemented with solved examples. * Enhances learning with clear explanations of technological advances and illustrative diagrams without sacrificing scientific rigor.
This introductory text develops the reader’s fundamental understanding of core principles and experimental aspects underlying the operation of nanoelectronic devices. The author makes a thorough and systematic presentation of electron transport in quantum-confined systems such as quantum dots, quantum wires, and quantum wells together with Landauer-Büttiker formalism and non-equilibrium Green’s function approach. The coverage encompasses nanofabrication techniques and characterization tools followed by a comprehensive exposition of nanoelectronic devices including resonant tunneling diodes, nanoscale MOSFETs, carbon nanotube FETs, high-electron-mobility transistors, single-electron transistors, and heterostructure optoelectronic devices. The writing throughout is simple and straightforward, with clearly drawn illustrations and extensive self-study exercises for each chapter. Introduces the basic concepts underlying the operation of nanoelectronic devices. Offers a broad overview of the field, including state-of-the-art developments. Covers the relevant quantum and solid-state physics and nanoelectronic device principles. Written in lucid language with accessible mathematical treatment. Includes extensive end-of-chapter exercises and many insightful diagrams.
This book is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary resource for the latest information on implantable medical devices, and is intended for graduate students studying electrical engineering, electronic instrumentation, and biomedical engineering. It is also appropriate for academic researchers, professional engineers, practicing doctors, and paramedical staff. Divided into two sections on Basic Concepts and Principles, and Applications, the first section provides an all-embracing perspective of the electronics background necessary for this work. The second section deals with pacing techniques used for the heart, brain, spinal cord, and the network of nerves that interlink the brain and spinal cord with the major organs, including ear and eye prostheses. The four main offshoots of implantable electronics, which this book discusses, are: The insertion of an implantable neural amplifier for accurate recording of neural signals for neuroengineering studies The use of implantable pulse generators for pacing the activities of diseased organs The use of implantable sensors for observing the influence of therapy and monitoring a patient’s biological parameters The use of drug delivery systems to supervise the supply of accurate doses of medicine to affected parts Readers will also find chapters on the essentials of clocking and timing circuits, pulse generator circuits, neural amplifiers, batteries, biomaterials and biocompatibility, and more. Unique to this book is also a chapter on cyber security and confidentiality concerns with implants. End-of-chapter questions and exercises help readers apply the content to practical use, making this an ideal book for anyone wishing to learn more about implantable devices.
This book provides a comprehensive coverage of sensor and lab-on-a-chip technologies for medical applications. Presenting a unified coverage of the operational principles and fabrication issues of the sensors and related chips, this important compendium describes the contemporary electronic devices that help to identify and effectively combat different diseases and malfunctions of the human body. It is intended to serve as an essential textbook or reference book for graduate/postgraduate students in electrical and electronic engineering, biomedical engineering, and those pursuing a course on sensor technologies in medicine. Research students and scientists too will find the self-explanatory diagrams and end-of-chapter bibliographies very useful.
This researchand reference text provides a comprehensive and authoritative survey of thestate-of-the-art in terahertz electronics research. Volume two focuses onoptical devices and their applications. Intended for researchers andprofessionals in the field, the text is an essential reference for anyoneworking at the cutting edge of terahertz electronics.
Bringing together widely scattered information, Nanosensors: Physical, Chemical, and Biological explores sensor development in the nanotechnology age. This easy-to-read book presents a critical appraisal of the new opportunities in the area of sensors provided by nanotechnologies and nanotechnology-enabled advancements. After introducing nanosensor classification and fundamental terms, the book outlines the properties of important nanomaterials and nanotechnologies used in nanosensor fabrication. Subsequent chapters are organized according to nanosensor type: physical (mechanical and acoustical, thermal and radiation, optical, and magnetic); chemical (atomic and molecular energies); and biological. The final chapter summarizes the current state of the field and discusses future trends. A complete and authoritative guide to nanosensors, this book offers up-to-date information on the fabrication, properties, and operating mechanisms of these fast and reliable sensors. It addresses progress in the field, fundamental issues and challenges facing researchers, and prospects for future development.
There were a hundred games the children played with the sky. Each question that arose in a child's mind was a game. 'Where is the moon?' they asked if they woke up in the middle of the night.There's a pygmy mountain at the edge of the village. Near the top of the mountain is a mysterious hole. If you toss a stone down that hole, it will keep falling until you return to hear it hit the bottom.There's a second-grader named Bolu in the village school. He only speaks while he walks. If you want to speak to him, you must walk with him. And then there's the moon, rising from the green grass roof. It travels with Bolu and his friends wherever they go. In this book, light as pebbles skimming across a pond, Vinod Kumar Shukla speaks of the wonder of a universe in which, however separate we seem, we are inevitably joined as one.
Yasi, Rasa and Ta are three restless children who live modest lower-middle-class lives at the edge of town, but their imaginations gleam with threads of many colours. Bored bicycles move away from their owners in the hope of being stolen ... A light bulb in a sari shop mischievously switches itself on and off ... Chalk doodles squirm and squiggle when adults are in the room ... Sandals lying by the door plead to be worn ... The adults who play their games must enter many worlds -- the one that prevails and the ones that are possible. They mumble and ask questions, but time and again they realize that a single glance won't take in the whole sky. In The Windows in Our House Are Little Doors, Vinod Kumar Shukla unrolls dreamy wisdom and brocade-like moments that catch the light and dazzle. This 'novel in twenty-six stories' is a thing of sublime joy and pure delight.
Presenting a comprehensive overview of a rapidly burgeoning field blending solar cell technology with nanotechnology, the book covers topics such as solar cell basics, nanotechnology fundamentals, nanocrystalline silicon-based solar cells, nanotextured-surface solar cells, plasmon-enhanced solar cells, optically-improved nanoengineered solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, 2D perovskite and 2D/3D multidimensional perovskite solar cells, carbonaceous nanomaterial-based solar cells, quantum well solar cells, nanowire solar cells and quantum dot solar cells. The book provides an in-depth and lucid presentation of the subject matter in an elegant, easy-to-understand writing style, starting from basic knowledge through principles of operation and fabrication of devices to advanced research levels encompassing the recent breakthroughs and cutting-edge innovations. It will be useful for graduate and PhD students, scientists, and engineers. Key features: * Builds an integrated perspective of photovoltaics by highlighting the essential role of nanotechnology in each type of solar cell. * Performs simplified mathematical analysis of operational mechanisms of nanostructured solar cells supplemented with solved examples. * Enhances learning with clear explanations of technological advances and illustrative diagrams without sacrificing scientific rigor.
A thunderstorm blows the roof off a village school. Guruji, the school teacher, who lives in the school building with his family, is forced to seek shelter in an abandoned police station. The schoolhouse opens to the sky, and along with it, this intensely poetic novel opens up to the inner world of a dozen characters: Guruji, his wife, their two children, the village watchman, the tailor, the teashop owner at the railway station and the stationmaster. There is also the worldly-wise grocer, Jivrakhan, and his wife, who listens to the radio because nothing else will fill the emptiness in her life. A dreamlike novel that is an extraordinary evocation of modern India.
This introductory text develops the reader’s fundamental understanding of core principles and experimental aspects underlying the operation of nanoelectronic devices. The author makes a thorough and systematic presentation of electron transport in quantum-confined systems such as quantum dots, quantum wires, and quantum wells together with Landauer-Büttiker formalism and non-equilibrium Green’s function approach. The coverage encompasses nanofabrication techniques and characterization tools followed by a comprehensive exposition of nanoelectronic devices including resonant tunneling diodes, nanoscale MOSFETs, carbon nanotube FETs, high-electron-mobility transistors, single-electron transistors, and heterostructure optoelectronic devices. The writing throughout is simple and straightforward, with clearly drawn illustrations and extensive self-study exercises for each chapter. Introduces the basic concepts underlying the operation of nanoelectronic devices. Offers a broad overview of the field, including state-of-the-art developments. Covers the relevant quantum and solid-state physics and nanoelectronic device principles. Written in lucid language with accessible mathematical treatment. Includes extensive end-of-chapter exercises and many insightful diagrams.
A comprehensive and "state-of-the-art" coverage of the design and fabrication of IGBT. All-in-one resource Explains the fundamentals of MOS and bipolar physics. Covers IGBT operation, device and process design, power modules, and new IGBT structures.
Compared to traditional electrical filaments, arc lamps, and fluorescent lamps, solid-state lighting offers higher efficiency, reliability, and environmentally friendly technology. LED / solid-state lighting is poised to take over conventional lighting due to cost savings there is pretty much no debate about this. In response to the recent activity in this field, Fundamentals of Solid-State Lighting: LEDs, OLEDs, and Their Applications in Illumination and Displays covers a range of solid-state devices, technologies, and materials used for lighting and displays. It also examines auxiliary but critical requirements of efficient applications, such as modeling, thermal management, reliability, and smart lighting. The book discusses performance metrics of LEDs such as efficiency, efficacy, current voltage characteristics, optical parameters like spectral distribution, color temperature, and beam angle before moving on to luminescence theory, injection luminescence, radiative and non-radiative recombination mechanisms, recombination rates, carrier lifetimes, and related topics. This lays down the groundwork for understanding LED operation. The book then discusses energy gaps, light emission, semiconductor material, special equipment, and laboratory facilities. It also covers production and applications of high-brightness LEDs (HBLEDs) and organic LEDs (OLEDs). LEDs represent the landmark development in lighting since the invention of electric lighting, allowing us to create unique, low-energy lighting solutions, not to talk about their minor maintenance expenses. The rapid strides of LED lighting technology over the last few years have changed the dynamics of the global lighting market, and LEDs are expected to be the mainstream light source in the near future. In a nutshell, the book traces the advances in LEDs, OLEDs, and their applications, and presents an up-to-date and analytical perspective of the scenario for audiences of different backgrounds and interests.
Keeping nanoelectronics in focus, this book looks at interrelated fields namely nanomagnetics, nanophotonics, nanomechanics and nanobiotechnology, that go hand-in-hand or are likely to be utilized in future in various ways for backing up or strengthening nanoelectronics. Complementary nanosciences refer to the alternative nanosciences that can be combined with nanoelectronics. The book brings students and researchers from multiple disciplines (and therefore with disparate levels of knowledge, and, more importantly, lacunae in this knowledge) together and to expose them to the essentials of integrative nanosciences. The central idea is that the five identified disciplines overlap significantly and arguably cohere into one fundamental nanotechnology discipline. The book caters to interdisciplinary readership in contrast to many of the existing nanotechnology related books that relate to a specific discipline. The book lays special emphasis on nanoelectronics since this field has advanced most rapidly amongst all the nanotechnology disciplines and with significant commercial pervasion. In view of the significant impact that nanotechnology is predicted to have on society, the topics and their interrelationship in this book are of considerable interest and immense value to students, professional engineers, and reserachers.
This book introduces the basics of the Internet of Things (IoT) and explores the foundational role of sensors in IoT applications. The IoT is a network of devices and objects: sensors, actuators, hardware, software, human beings, domestic appliances, health monitoring equipment, and other things connected to the internet, which is designed to operate in a coordinated fashion to receive, process, and interpret signals and take appropriate action. It provides a seamless real-time interface between the physical and digital worlds by integrating sensors with networking, computation, and actuation facilities. This book sketches a perspective of the IoT with sensors as the focus of attention. Diverse applications of the IoT that are destined to make an impact on our everyday lives in the near future are discussed. It presents a comprehensive overview of the most recent sensor technologies used in the IoT to keep the reader abreast of the current advances at the frontiers of knowledge. The book will cater to student and professional audiences, and will be useful for postgraduate and Ph.D. students studying physics, engineering, and computer science as well as researchers, engineers, and industrial workers engaged in this fast-progressing field. Key Features: • Explains the basic concepts and important terms of ‘Internet of Things’ in simple language • Provides an up-to-date coverage of the key sensors used in IoT applications • Explores IoT applications in smart cities, smart agriculture, smart factory, and many more
This book is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary resource for the latest information on implantable medical devices, and is intended for graduate students studying electrical engineering, electronic instrumentation, and biomedical engineering. It is also appropriate for academic researchers, professional engineers, practicing doctors, and paramedical staff. Divided into two sections on Basic Concepts and Principles, and Applications, the first section provides an all-embracing perspective of the electronics background necessary for this work. The second section deals with pacing techniques used for the heart, brain, spinal cord, and the network of nerves that interlink the brain and spinal cord with the major organs, including ear and eye prostheses. The four main offshoots of implantable electronics, which this book discusses, are: The insertion of an implantable neural amplifier for accurate recording of neural signals for neuroengineering studies The use of implantable pulse generators for pacing the activities of diseased organs The use of implantable sensors for observing the influence of therapy and monitoring a patient’s biological parameters The use of drug delivery systems to supervise the supply of accurate doses of medicine to affected parts Readers will also find chapters on the essentials of clocking and timing circuits, pulse generator circuits, neural amplifiers, batteries, biomaterials and biocompatibility, and more. Unique to this book is also a chapter on cyber security and confidentiality concerns with implants. End-of-chapter questions and exercises help readers apply the content to practical use, making this an ideal book for anyone wishing to learn more about implantable devices.
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