The book covers a variety of feasible technology options, both wired and wireless, to enable 6G connectivity in rural and remote regions. Along with the enabling technology options, the book also covers important aspects such as human-computer interaction, business models for the local operator ecosystem, regulatory and right-of-way policies, security and privacy, and future challenges related to technology migration, urbanization, and scalability. A special feature of this book is that it covers both the optical and wireless technology aspects to realize 6G connectivity, which will be of interest to a broad range of researchers and practitioners. Detailed figures have been included in the book to cover both the fiber-optics and wireless aspects. These figures include telecommunication equipment and networks ranging from a locality to the under-sea cables to high latitude platforms. The book has simple explanations, pictorial representations, minimal math, and conversational language, which will enable all the readers to grasp it, thereby helping them in decision making and performing comprehensive analysis. This book includes the needs of the unconnected and under-connected sections of the society, notably from the rural and remote areas, when the 6G standards are being discussed and developed. This feature will help overcome the challenge of widening the digital divide from every new generation of mobile network standards. Hence, the book covers all technical and non-technical aspects to be of interest to researchers, decision-makers, academia, social workers, and the readers in technology, growth, and empowerment.
This book discusses the development of bio-based plastics and associated nanocomposites in order to achieve targeted structural morphologies, and physical and chemical properties for use in food-packaging applications. In line with bio-based and/or biodegradable plastic matrices, the current status of the development of multifaceted bionanofillers is also explored in detail.This book begins by addressing the past, present and future prospects of bio-based and/or biodegradable polymers in specific food-packaging applications, and the importance and advantages of such packaging over fossil polymer-based packaging materials. Furthermore, this book also examines the current commercial overview of bio-based and/or biodegradable polymers and nanocomposites, and the structure-property relationship required for various advanced applications.Individual chapters detail bio-based polymers, bio-derived and microbial-derived plastics, which include exclusive investigations on the most promising polymers, such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and their bionanocomposites, for food-packaging applications. Detailed discussions highlight the various properties of polymers for food-packaging applications including bio-based and/or biodegradable polymers and nanocomposites. The processing of blends using bio-based and/or biodegradable polymers and non-degradable polymers for food-packaging applications are also featured.In addition, extensive discussions include different edible biopolymer-based coatings on food items which can act as effective carriers for improving the shelf life of food. Moreover, various end-of-life solutions of plastics such as recycling, reuse, composting and so on, for the safe disposal of plastic waste are reviewed. Finally, this book discusses migration studies, and safety legislation and regulations of such packages in contact with food, which are currently being performed by various organisations across the world. Throughout the book, detailed case studies are included on sustainable polymers, and associated nanocomposites, along with different perspectives on their industrial applications, and critical challenges and opportunities for developing biopolymer nanocomposites for food-packaging applications.
Cellulose nanocrystals are being used more frequently as processing and nanofabrication techniques have advanced considerably. Cellulose Nanocrystals includes topics including Extraction and Fabrication Methodologies, Scale-Up Strategies and Life Cycle Assessment, Surface Modification Strategies, Nanocomposites, and Characterization and Testing Protocols. This book will appeal to physical, chemical and biological scientists as well as engineers.
Bio-based plastics and nanocomposites can be used in improved packaging for food. The morphologies and physical and chemical properties of food packaging must be carefully controlled. This book covers topics such as: food packaging types, natural polymers, material properties, regulations and legislation, edible and sustainable food packaging, and trends in end-of-life options. This book is ideal for industrial chemists and materials scientists.
Phytomanagement of Fly Ash brings together the recent and established knowledge of different aspects of fly ash management, providing a cutting-edge synthesis of scientific and experiential knowledge on contaminated site restoration. Phytomanagement of Fly Ash provides readers with ecologically friendly and cost-effective solutions to decontaminate fly ash polluted sites, along with potential opportunities in phytoremediation that also yield biodiesel, aromatic oil, bio-fortified products and pulp-paper biomass. The book also focuses on novel topics, such as afforestation on fly ash catena, adaptive management, potential sink for carbon sequestration, and ecosystem goods and services. This book is a useful reference for environmental professionals in the coal industry, ecological planners and managers, students, practitioners and policymakers involved in phytoremediation. - Provides a holistic approach to fly ash, covering the ecological, economic and social issues related to its management - Addresses the multiple industrial uses of fly ash - Includes strategies to mitigate costs related to fly ash dump restoration
Designer Cropping Systems for Polluted Land explores the processes and techniques of making polluted land safe for planting edible and non-edible crops. The book provides readers and practitioners with a comprehensive understanding of contaminated land use through designer cropping systems. It seeks to present promising and affordable practices for transforming polluted lands while also providing an excellent basis from which scientific knowledge can grow and widen in the fields of phytoremediation-based biofortification. - Provides basic understanding on how to produce edible crops on polluted lands with biofortification - Explores cropping systems for the extraction of metals for industrial use - Discovers the role of designer cropping systems in phytoremediation programs
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