The Indian Ocean region is a large maritime-littoral space of geo-political, geo-economic and geo-strategic significance. It is characterized by globalization, maritime trade, extra regional naval presence, asymmetric actors and non-traditional security challenges arising from climate change and natural disasters. Significantly, economics and security has been the significant feature of transactions that have shaped the historical and contemporary discourse in the region. In its historical geo-economic construct, the Indian Ocean facilitated links among the ancient trading systems of the Mediterranean, Arabian Peninsula and the Asia. There is a strong element of continuity and in the 21st century trade and energy flows link the Indian Ocean region to the global economies of the Asia–Pacific, Europe and North and South America. In its geo-strategic construct the Indian Ocean region has been an arena for rivalry between the great powers and in contemporary times the region continues to be of strategic significance to the United States, European powers, China, India and Japan whose forces are forward deployed in support of strategic and economic interests. At the functional–operational level, several extra regional navies are deployed in the Indian Ocean in support of the war on terror and to counter piracy off Somalia. In essence, the Indian Ocean region emerges as an arena of competition and cooperation and it is in this context that this paper attempts to examine its strategic dynamics. It begins by mapping the Indian Ocean and highlights the significant physical characteristics of this body of water which shape the geo-political, geo-economic and geo-strategic discourse followed by a brief historical narrative that showcases the continuity in the importance of the Indian Ocean from ancient times into the 21st century. Given these realities, it is argued that extra regional powers have exhibited a strong penchant to steer the political–economic–strategic dynamics of the Indian Ocean. Despite the apprehension of regional countries of this extra regional reality, some have been supportive of their presence. At another level, the non-traditional threats and challenges confronted by the Indian Ocean littorals are examined and proposals offered for maritime multilateralism to be a tool for states to develop cooperative mechanism for building mutual trust and confidence.
Maritime power has been a key defining parameter of economic vitality and geostrategic power of nations. This book explores how the first decade of the 21st century has witnessed the rise of China and India as confident economic powers pivoting on high growth rates, exponential expansion of science, technology and industrial growth.
This book seeks to provide a net assessment of regional challenges and opportunities in this study of the Indo-Pacific region’s security dynamics viewed through the ‘maritime variant’ of the Regional Security Complex Theory. The objective of this volume is to ascertain the regional security dynamics and assess securitization as a driving force. It infers the scope of traditional, non-traditional, and transnational security issues and their regional impact, with a specific focus on the maritime perspectives of regional security dynamics, and also envisages the potential interplay of these factors as they continue to influence and shape future discourse.
Climate Change and the Bay of Bengal argues that in the era of climate change radically different understandings of security and sovereignty are at work. It questions the geopolitics of fear and the manner in which metanarratives of climate change tend to privilege the “global” and “national” scales over other scales, especially the regional and the local. The authors argue in favour of a new imagination of the Bay of Bengal space as a semi-enclosed sea, embedded in a large marine ecosystem, under the relevant provisions of the UNCLOS that impose various obligations upon its signatories to cooperate at a regional level. Such an imagination, anchored in geographies of hope, should not remain confined to official domains and discourses but become a part of popular socio-spatial consciousness through a regional public diplomacy reaching out to the grassroots level. A Bay of Bengal regional seas programme, under the auspices of UNEP, should be conceptualized and operationalized in a manner that explicitly factors in climate change consequences into the existing understandings and approaches to environmental-human security in the region.
The Indian Ocean region is a large maritime-littoral space of geo-political, geo-economic and geo-strategic significance. It is characterized by globalization, maritime trade, extra regional naval presence, asymmetric actors and non-traditional security challenges arising from climate change and natural disasters. Significantly, economics and security has been the significant feature of transactions that have shaped the historical and contemporary discourse in the region. In its historical geo-economic construct, the Indian Ocean facilitated links among the ancient trading systems of the Mediterranean, Arabian Peninsula and the Asia. There is a strong element of continuity and in the 21st century trade and energy flows link the Indian Ocean region to the global economies of the Asia–Pacific, Europe and North and South America. In its geo-strategic construct the Indian Ocean region has been an arena for rivalry between the great powers and in contemporary times the region continues to be of strategic significance to the United States, European powers, China, India and Japan whose forces are forward deployed in support of strategic and economic interests. At the functional–operational level, several extra regional navies are deployed in the Indian Ocean in support of the war on terror and to counter piracy off Somalia. In essence, the Indian Ocean region emerges as an arena of competition and cooperation and it is in this context that this paper attempts to examine its strategic dynamics. It begins by mapping the Indian Ocean and highlights the significant physical characteristics of this body of water which shape the geo-political, geo-economic and geo-strategic discourse followed by a brief historical narrative that showcases the continuity in the importance of the Indian Ocean from ancient times into the 21st century. Given these realities, it is argued that extra regional powers have exhibited a strong penchant to steer the political–economic–strategic dynamics of the Indian Ocean. Despite the apprehension of regional countries of this extra regional reality, some have been supportive of their presence. At another level, the non-traditional threats and challenges confronted by the Indian Ocean littorals are examined and proposals offered for maritime multilateralism to be a tool for states to develop cooperative mechanism for building mutual trust and confidence.
The contemporary discourse on maritime security is highly focused on asymmetric threats and challenges confronting the international community. Among these, terrorism and sea piracy have attracted greater attention. These issues have figured prominently in statements and speeches by the political leaderships across the globe and international organizations such as the United Nations, which have attempted to address it through a number of resolutions and conventions, and the national security strategy documents of several countries have incorporated these in their strategic calculations and operational doctrines. The international community has responded firmly to these threats and challenges through a number of political, diplomatic, security, legal and financial initiatives with positive results. Likewise, the international shipping industry has expressed concern about the threat of piracy and joined hands with the governments and instituted best business practices to protect ships against pirate attacks. In recent times, the Gulf of Aden has witnessed a rise in incidents of piracy which has threatened sea-based commerce transiting though the area. There have been a number of hijackings, large sums of ransom money has been paid to the pirates for the release of crew, and perhaps the most disturbing aspect of the Somali piracy is that some crew members were killed due to non-payment of ransom. Furthermore, the Somali pirates have expanded their reach far and wide into the Indian Ocean including the Red Sea, Coast of Oman, Arabian Sea, waters around the Maldives, and the western seaboard of India. The shipping industry has urged the United Nations and national governments to take necessary action under various UN Security Council (UNSC) resolutions to curb piracy, deploy naval assets and punish the criminals. Also a number of international initiatives and responses such as multinational naval operations, improved politico-diplomatic international cooperation, adoption of improved onboard security measures by the shipping companies, positioning of private security guards onboard ships, and a number of national legal reforms to address piracy have resulted in a decrease in the number of hijackings.
This manual is a comprehensive guide to the diagnosis and management of common renal disorders. Beginning with an introduction to renal anatomy, physiology and histopathology, the following chapters discuss investigations and diagnosis techniques. Each of the following sections is dedicated to the management of different renal problems, including acute kidney injury, electrolyte and acid-base disorders, urinary tract infection, chronic kidney disease and more. The final chapters cover nutrition, drug dosing, and renal replacement therapy. A complete chapter discusses urological issues from the point of view of a nephrologist. Each chapter is enhanced by images, illustrations and tables, and includes analytical and concept-based multiple choice questions to help revision. Key points Comprehensive guide to diagnosis and management of common renal disorders Includes sections on nutrition, drug dosing and renal replacement therapy Complete chapter dedicated to urology for the nephrologist Each topic features multiple choice questions to help revision
Maritime power has been a key defining parameter of economic vitality and geostrategic power of nations. This book explores how the first decade of the 21st century has witnessed the rise of China and India as confident economic powers pivoting on high growth rates, exponential expansion of science, technology and industrial growth.
This volume is a collection of short essays articles on the multidimensional aspects of the blue economy. It presents perspectives on the concept and the essential ingredients of the blue economy such as marine resources, maritime infrastructure and marine environment. International cooperative approaches to promote blue economy, the role of maritime governance and capacity building are discussed in the context of implementing the blue economy. The book also promotes the importance of sustainable utilization of the oceans which lies at the core of the blue economy.
Climate Change and the Bay of Bengal argues that in the era of climate change radically different understandings of security and sovereignty are at work. It questions the geopolitics of fear and the manner in which metanarratives of climate change tend to privilege the “global” and “national” scales over other scales, especially the regional and the local. The authors argue in favour of a new imagination of the Bay of Bengal space as a semi-enclosed sea, embedded in a large marine ecosystem, under the relevant provisions of the UNCLOS that impose various obligations upon its signatories to cooperate at a regional level. Such an imagination, anchored in geographies of hope, should not remain confined to official domains and discourses but become a part of popular socio-spatial consciousness through a regional public diplomacy reaching out to the grassroots level. A Bay of Bengal regional seas programme, under the auspices of UNEP, should be conceptualized and operationalized in a manner that explicitly factors in climate change consequences into the existing understandings and approaches to environmental-human security in the region.
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