Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2014 in the subject Chemistry - General, grade: 3, , course: MSc, language: English, abstract: Aluminium, being a highly reactive metal, corrodes rapidly in acidic (pH 6) and alkaline (pH 12.5) media. Hence it has to be protected when it is likely to come in contact with such solutions, e.g., during cleaning or acid pickling. One method of protection is the addition of inhibitor to the corroding medium. In the present work, ethanol extract of Azadirechta indica and Murraya koenigii leaves have been investigated as corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in aqueous hydrochloric acid. The corrosion of Alluminium in plain hydrochloric acid, as well as inhibited, is found to increase with a rise in temperature. Thus in uninhibited 0.5 M HCl the loss in weight due to corrosion for an exposure period of 60 min increases from 736 mg/dm2 at 35oC to 852, 922, and 958 mg/dm2 at 45oC, 55oC and 65oC respectively. In inhibited 0.5 M HCl containing 1.30% of Azadirechta indica, it was observed that at 35oC and for an exposure period of 60 min Azadirechta indica confer 100.0% protection. In A. indica, it is observed that the compound at 1.30% concentration show an efficiency 100.0% at 35°C. As the temperature is increased the efficiency decreases. In the case of A.indica, the efficiency decreases slightly and is found to be 72.96% at 65°C. It appears that in the case of Azadirechta indica, the adsorption is of physisorption type which decreases with a rise in temperature. The surface morphology of the Al samples in the absence and presence of A.indica and M.koenigii leaves extract was investigated after weight loss using SEM technique. The badly damaged surface obtained when the metal was kept immersed in 0. 5 M HCl for 60 min without inhibitor indicates significant corrosion. However, in presence of inhibitor the surface has remarkably Improve with respect to its smoothness indicating considerable reduction of corrosion rate. This improvement in surface morphology is due to the formation of a good protective film of inhibitor on aluminium surface which is responsible for inhibition of corrosion. The order of efficiency at 1.30% v/v inhibitor concentration in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid was found to be : Azadirechta indica (100.0%) Murraya koenigii ( 94.79%)
Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2014 in the subject Chemistry - General, grade: 3, , course: MSc, language: English, abstract: Aluminium, being a highly reactive metal, corrodes rapidly in acidic (pH 6) and alkaline (pH 12.5) media. Hence it has to be protected when it is likely to come in contact with such solutions, e.g., during cleaning or acid pickling. One method of protection is the addition of inhibitor to the corroding medium. In the present work, ethanol extract of Azadirechta indica and Murraya koenigii leaves have been investigated as corrosion inhibitor for aluminium in aqueous hydrochloric acid. The corrosion of Alluminium in plain hydrochloric acid, as well as inhibited, is found to increase with a rise in temperature. Thus in uninhibited 0.5 M HCl the loss in weight due to corrosion for an exposure period of 60 min increases from 736 mg/dm2 at 35oC to 852, 922, and 958 mg/dm2 at 45oC, 55oC and 65oC respectively. In inhibited 0.5 M HCl containing 1.30% of Azadirechta indica, it was observed that at 35oC and for an exposure period of 60 min Azadirechta indica confer 100.0% protection. In A. indica, it is observed that the compound at 1.30% concentration show an efficiency 100.0% at 35°C. As the temperature is increased the efficiency decreases. In the case of A.indica, the efficiency decreases slightly and is found to be 72.96% at 65°C. It appears that in the case of Azadirechta indica, the adsorption is of physisorption type which decreases with a rise in temperature. The surface morphology of the Al samples in the absence and presence of A.indica and M.koenigii leaves extract was investigated after weight loss using SEM technique. The badly damaged surface obtained when the metal was kept immersed in 0. 5 M HCl for 60 min without inhibitor indicates significant corrosion. However, in presence of inhibitor the surface has remarkably Improve with respect to its smoothness indicating considerable reduction of corrosion rate. This improvement in surface morphology is due to the formation of a good protective film of inhibitor on aluminium surface which is responsible for inhibition of corrosion. The order of efficiency at 1.30% v/v inhibitor concentration in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid was found to be : Azadirechta indica (100.0%) Murraya koenigii ( 94.79%)
Kinematic wave (KW) modeling methods are gaining wide acceptance as fast and accurate methods for handling a wide range of water modeling problems. This book provides a through reference to the application of KW methods to such problems as the spatial representation of watersheds, overland flow routing, and channel flow routing.
Reservoir Sedimentation: Assessment and Environmental Controls appraises the issues of sedimentation in reservoirs and discusses measures that can be employed for the effective management of sediment to prolong the operational life of reservoirs. It provides information for professional consultants and policymakers to enable them to manage dams in the best possible way, in order to ensure their sustainability as well as the sustainability of water resources in general. It examines the effects of anthropogenic intervention and management of sediment in dams and reservoirs, as water resources become more sensitive and the demand for clean water continues to increase. Features: Examines the issue of sedimentation in dams and reservoirs and presents water management strategies to alleviate environmental issues Presents methods to help ensure the environmental sustainability of dams and reservoirs, as well as the sustainability of water resources- with consideration of climate change and increased demand Illustrates the spatial distribution of sedimentation characteristics for several dams using geographic information systems (GIS) Explains the relationships between loss in capacity and catchment characteristics Examines regional variation in sediment yield, defines geomorphic regions on the basis of similar hydrometeorology, physiography, geology, and vegetation affecting reservoirs
This manual is a comprehensive guide to the diagnosis and management of common renal disorders. Beginning with an introduction to renal anatomy, physiology and histopathology, the following chapters discuss investigations and diagnosis techniques. Each of the following sections is dedicated to the management of different renal problems, including acute kidney injury, electrolyte and acid-base disorders, urinary tract infection, chronic kidney disease and more. The final chapters cover nutrition, drug dosing, and renal replacement therapy. A complete chapter discusses urological issues from the point of view of a nephrologist. Each chapter is enhanced by images, illustrations and tables, and includes analytical and concept-based multiple choice questions to help revision. Key points Comprehensive guide to diagnosis and management of common renal disorders Includes sections on nutrition, drug dosing and renal replacement therapy Complete chapter dedicated to urology for the nephrologist Each topic features multiple choice questions to help revision
This book discusses the political and economic history and geography of Georgia, the problems it has faced, and how it has overcome and is still overcoming them. In most countries, at the end of the 20th century the successful resolution of social-economic, political, demographic and ecological problems was largely dependent on effectively protecting the population and economic assets from natural disasters and on ensuring conditions for their sustainable development. These problems are most acute in mountainous regions like Georgia, where the unplanned development of natural ecosystems has had drastic consequences. It is therefore necessary to understand not only the probability of changing conditions (natural as well as political and demographic), but also the probability of the resulting economic losses. The book is divided into four sections; historical and political geography, geological processes, ecological processes and developmental geography. In the historical and political geography section the authors present a detailed discussion on ancient history, historical and political geography, ethnic groups and religions, demographics and socio-cultural geography. The geological processes section contains information on geology, geodynamical processes, glacial and periglacial processes. The ecological processes section examines a variety of landscapes and ecosystems, aspects of deforestation, reforestation and desertification along with anthropogenic impacts on the environment. The developmental geography section looks at different economies, natural resources, sustainable development and climate change.
The book focuses broadly on the preliminaries of the canal irrigation systems in India with a focus on their operation, maintenance, and management of the canal systems. The chapters in this book are classified under four sections, viz., (i). preliminaries of the canal irrigation systems, (ii) operation of the canal irrigation systems, (iii) maintenance of the canal irrigation systems, and (iv) management of the canal irrigation systems. The preliminaries of the canal irrigation systems include an integrated view of irrigation and agriculture, irrigation management in India: problems, issues, a brief history, and some lessons, irrigation administration, organizational structure for management of irrigated agriculture, and farmers’ participation. The operation of the canal irrigation systems includes the operation of dams and barrages, canal operation, water distribution planning, measurement of flow and sediment in canals, and performance evaluation of the canal irrigation system, use of groundwater in the canal command area. The canal irrigation systems' maintenance includes dams, barrages, related equipment, canals and related structures, field drainage, diagnostic analysis of canal irrigation system, soil and water quality management, soil moisture, and measurement. The management of the canal irrigation systems includes rehabilitation and modernization and a case study on rehabilitation, conjunctive use management, operation, and maintenance budgeting, and financing. The book is expected to be useful for academicians, water practitioners, scientists, water managers, environmentalists, administrators, NGOs, researchers, and students who are actively involved in the operation, maintenance, and management of the canal irrigation system for addressing the challenges being faced in the irrigated agricultural while addressing issues of canal irrigation systems in South East Asia.
: This book is an experiment in understanding ground realities and descriptions of contemporary social problems. Current debates about social and economic human rights emphasize vital, economically driven needs for food, shelter, health care, and basic education while ignoring equally fundamental needs for socialization, interpersonal caring, and meaningful associations. This gives a distorted picture of social and economic human rights and allows the provision of economic needs to be promoted without due attention to the social needs that accompany them. Similarly, debates about civil and political human rights have focused on the rights against torture and cruel, inhumane, or degrading treatment while giving little or no attention to the intersection between these exclusions. Social exclusion is a socially constructed concept, and can depend on an idea of what is considered ‘normal.’ The concept of social exclusion is contested, in that it is often difficult to ‘objectively’ identify who is socially excluded, as it is a matter of the criteria adopted and the judgments used. The state of Jharkhand is one of the migrating states, especially for child laborers. Their labor is unaccountable. They usually suffer from anemia and reproductive infections. One of the main obstacles to tribal development is superstitious beliefs and practices. They think that the diseases, famines, water scarcities, weak crops, the spread of epidemics and premature death, etc. befall on them only when the evil spirits are angry. Thus the socio-economic condition of the tribal is very poor caused of many factors, i.e. undulating topography, less cultivable land with no irrigation facilities, lack of Govt. infrastructure facilities and superstitious beliefs, etc. Migration and child trafficking must be prevented through the collaborative action of influential members of society and community leaders, police personnel, media people, NGOs working in the field and individuals who are in a professional capacity can influence state legislation to successfully combat trafficking. Education with professional/ technical skills education for income generation activities is needed. Migration and child trafficking must be prevented through the collaborative action of influential members of society and community leaders, police personnel, media people, NGOs working in the field and individuals who are in a professional capacity can influence state legislation to successfully combat trafficking. Education with professional/ technical skills education for income generation activities is needed. It is occasioned by of complete lack of sources of livelihood. It doesn’t lead to a better fortune for most of the girls going out of their homes but dark lanes where they are forever lost, where their lives end as victims of sexual exploitation in various ways and they fall prey to sexual exploitation in the brothels or outside the brothels. This book will be helpful to Administrators, Social Scientists, journalists, and social activists.
Presenting innovative research methods, this second edition of a bestseller describes a simple and practical methodology for conducting cutting-edge design science research (DSR). It provides comprehensive guidance on how to conduct such research and provides in-depth treatment of design science theory and the different types of theory that can be generated in design science research. Making novel use of the concept of patterns, it presents 84 research patterns for conducting effective DSR. It emphasizes design science theory throughout and is filled with practical examples of using patterns to conduct IT research.
A systematic approach towards integration of design and manufacturing is essential for optimizing all elements of the integrated manufacturing system. This book is an attempt towards this approach and is intended to provide an introduction to the design process, the manufacturing processes and the tools for integration to young engineering students. Fundamental information on materials, manufacturing processes and integrated manufacturing are provided which will help the designer in the selection of most appropriate materials, processes and methods to transform his ideas into a successful product.
This book explores human well-being in South Asia from a policy dimension. It discusses the cultural history and diversity of the region in order to highlight major priority areas of public policy to improve people’s quality of life. The huge gap between economic development and human development, in areas such as education, health and income, is a concern for policymakers, researchers and other stakeholders. The book helps develop a strong argument for a shift of focus of state’s expenditures aimed at improving human well-being, and assesses public policy initiatives from the perspectives of the stakeholders such as the state, the market, households, civil society as well as NGOs and agencies involved in this development mission. As such it is of great interest to scholars in the field of quality-of-life and well-being research and policymakers at national and international level.
This book provides clinicians with the most recent developments in anaesthesia for transplant surgery. Beginning with the history and ethics of the procedure, the following chapters discuss anaesthetic techniques for transplant surgery of different organs in the body. The importance of history taking, thorough clinical examination, invention of the artificial respirator and controversies surrounding brain death, are discussed in depth. This useful manual includes more than 110 clinical photographs and illustrations to enhance learning. Key points Provides clinicians with recent developments in anaesthesia for transplant surgery Covers techniques for transplant surgery of different organs in body Emphasis on importance of history taking and thorough clinical examination Includes more than 110 clinical photographs and illustrations
Subaltern Narratives in Fiji Hindi Literature is the first comprehensive study of fiction written in Fiji Hindi that moves beyond the hegemonic and colonially-implicated perspectives that have necessarily informed top-down historical accounts. Mishra makes this case using two extraordinary novels Ḍaukā Purān [‘A Subaltern Tale’] (2001]) and Fiji Maa [‘Mother of a Thousand’] (2018) by the Fiji Indian writer Subramani. They are massive novels (respectively 500 and 1,000 pages long) written in the devanāgarī (Sanskrit) script. They are examples of subaltern writing that do not exist, as a legitimation of the subaltern voice, anywhere else in the world. The novels constitute the silent underside of world literature, whose canon they silently challenge. For postcolonial, diaspora and subaltern scholars, they are defining (indeed definitive) texts without which their theories remain incomplete. Theories require mastery of primary texts and these subaltern novels, ‘heroic’ compositions as they are in the vernacular, offer a challenge to the theorist.
The over-exploitation of groundwater and marked changes in climate over recent decades has led to unacceptable declines in groundwater resources. Under the likely scarcity of available water resources in the near future, it is critical to quantify and manage the available water resources. With increasing demand for potable water for human consumption, agriculture, and industrial uses, the need to evaluate the groundwater development, management, and productivity of aquifers also increases. Laboratory Manual for Groundwater, Wells, and Pumps serves as a valuable resource and provides a multi-disciplinary overview for academics, administrators, scientists, policymakers, and professionals involved in managing sustainable groundwater development programs. It includes practical guidance on the measurement of groundwater flow, soil properties, aquifer properties, wells and their design, as well as the latest state-of-the-art information on pumps and their testing, and groundwater modeling. Features: Covers basics of groundwater engineering, advanced methodologies, and their applications and groundwater modeling Examines groundwater exploration, planning and designing, and methods for formulating strategies for sustainable management and development Serves as a reference for practitioners on practical applications and frequently occurring issues of groundwater investigations, development, and management.
Combines Western theories of the sublime (from Longinus to Lyotard) with indigenous Indian modes of reading in order to construct a comprehensive theory of both the Indian sublime and Indian devotional verse.
Now available in a three-volume set, this updated and expanded edition of the bestselling The Digital Signal Processing Handbook continues to provide the engineering community with authoritative coverage of the fundamental and specialized aspects of information-bearing signals in digital form. Encompassing essential background material, technical details, standards, and software, the second edition reflects cutting-edge information on signal processing algorithms and protocols related to speech, audio, multimedia, and video processing technology associated with standards ranging from WiMax to MP3 audio, low-power/high-performance DSPs, color image processing, and chips on video. Drawing on the experience of leading engineers, researchers, and scholars, the three-volume set contains 29 new chapters that address multimedia and Internet technologies, tomography, radar systems, architecture, standards, and future applications in speech, acoustics, video, radar, and telecommunications. This volume, Video, Speech, and Audio Signal Processing and Associated Standards, provides thorough coverage of the basic foundations of speech, audio, image, and video processing and associated applications to broadcast, storage, search and retrieval, and communications.
India is endowed with varied topographical features, such as high mountains, extensive plateaus, and wide plains traversed by mighty rivers. Divided into four sections this book provides a comprehensive overview of water resources of India. A detailed treatment of all major river basins is provided. This is followed by a discussion on major uses of water in India. Finally, the closing chapters discuss views on water management policy for India.
Fully Updated Hydrology Principles, Methods, and Applications Thoroughly revised for the first time in 50 years, this industry-standard resource features chapter contributions from a “who’s who” of international hydrology experts. Compiled by a colleague of the late Dr. Chow, Chow’s Handbook of Applied Hydrology, Second Edition, covers scientific and engineering fundamentals and presents all-new methods, processes, and technologies. Complete details are provided for the full range of ecosystems and models. Advanced chapters look to the future of hydrology, including climate change impacts, extraterrestrial water, social hydrology, and water security. Chow’s Handbook of Applied Hydrology, Second Edition, covers: · The Fundamentals of Hydrology · Data Collection and Processing · Hydrology Methods · Hydrologic Processes and Modeling · Sediment and Pollutant Transport · Hydrometeorologic and Hydrologic Extremes · Systems Hydrology · Hydrology of Large River and Lake Basins · Applications and Design · The Future of Hydrology
Aerobiology is study of air-borne microorganisms of their identity, behavior movements and survival. The term aer obiology was coined by American plant pathologist Fred Campell Meier in 1930s to embrace studies of fungal spores, pollen grains and bacteria in the atmosphere. The scope of aerobiology has been widened to include various other biological particulates like plant propagules, protozoan cysts insects, algae, fungi, lichen fragments, bacteria, pollen grains and viruses etc. Jacob (1951) defines aerobiology as the dispersion of insect population, fungal spores, pollens, bacteria, virus moulds and all forms of life both plants and animals which becomes airborne, and get transported in the atmosphere.
This text is organized by organ system and the illustrations highlight surgical pearls borne of experience and polished by the study of pertinent references. Hand-drawn and illustrated figures show exact anatomical relationships as we see them in-vivo. A question/answer format augments the images to allow the reader to actively reflect on the topic and to appraise his/her knowledge in that area. The discussion sections strive to explain not only what the correct answer is, but also why the distractors are wrong, in order to motivate discussion and self-reflection. Cognitive Pearls in General Surgery details the explicit thought processes and associations that underlie the understanding of the topics at hand, with the intent of enhancing the fun and enjoyment that only an informed and well-grounded practice of surgery can provide.
Humans are exclusively gifted by nature with some anatomical features that give humans an immense capacity to render complex speech. The book explores origin of speech right from the Hyoid bone that exalted human communication into a higher orbit, and then moves onto science and technology behind the development of communication, leading finally to the emergence of mass media, i.e., newspapers. It covers Gutenberg’s marvelous machine which printed Martin Luther’s Ninety-five Theses, the first voice of dissent in the world against the most powerful Catholic Church. 17th century natural philosopher Francis Bacon recognized three great technological innovations: the magnetic compass, the printing press and gunpowder as the distinguishing achievements of modern man. The present book discusses in detail one of the epoch-making inventions: the printing press and its natural progression into newspapers, its impact on societies of the world, its struggle to align itself against the worst of maneuvers to silence the press in the different time spans of history. The first Indian newspaper Hicky’s Gazette by James Augustus Hicky in 1780 and from there a 200-year span has been covered in detail, which comprises the following chapters: Role of science and technology in the development of recording information from oral matrix to printed matrix Meteoric rise and mercurial fall of Hicky British control over Indian newspapers, gagging of the Indian press and Vernacular Press Act Role of Gandhi as a journalist Role of Indian newspapers in the independence struggle, including the history of nationalist newspaper GHADAR: call of mutiny in India from abroad Dubious Working of the East India Company Monitoring of Indian publications in London Emergency, when democracy was wounded
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