First published in 1997 and written by two distinguished Russian scholars, this book examines the problems and prospects of democratic transition in Russia since the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Specifically, it offers a compelling evaluation of the rise and fall of the 1990 Russian parliament. The problems of transforming what had been a regional assembly into a national parliament are analysed in the context of the failure of perestroika, the difficulties of generating pluralist politics, the strength of presidential power and the tensions between ideologies of reform, on the one hand, and the realities of economic crisis, on the other. The analysis allows them to evaluate the role of political upheaval and conflicts of legitimacy in Russian democratization. The book is divided into three sections. The first offers a theory of transition to modern democracy. This provides the framework for the second section, an account of the first parliament after the 1990 elections, its conflicts with presidential power and the reform agenda of the government and, finally, its fall. The third section examines three particular problems which were decisive in producing the crisis of Russian parliamentarianism and democratization: voting behaviour in a non-party parliamentary setting and its relationship to conflicts between legislature and executive; populism and representation; and the role of democratic values and procedures in the legislative process. Drawing on their unrivalled knowledge of issues, events and actors, Nikolai Biryukov and Victor Sergeyev gather and interpret much new evidence to explore their subject. In a path-breaking study, the authors draw on a variety of sources and traditions to produce an original theory of the problems of political stability set up by democratic transition in Russia.
Russian democracy in the post-totalitarian era is intimately bound up with the fate of its representative institutions. In Russia's Road to Democracy, Victor Sergeyev and Nikolai Biryukov assess why the Congress of People's Deputies, and the other newly elected institutions founded under perestroika, not only failed to prevent, but also seemed to speed up and provoke, the disintegration of the Soviet Union. By studying the early history of the Congress, the book seeks insights on the prospects for democracy in Russia. Following an inquiry into the roots of Soviet political culture and the implications for future representative institutions, the book then examines the genesis of the Congress of People's Deputies and attempts a hermeneutical reconstruction of the deputies' models of social reality, as expressed in the texts of their parliamentary debates. The authors argue that the adoption of the concept of sobornost - a belief in society's organic unity - as the basic model for this institution proved utterly inadequate to the challenges the country faced. Including substantial new source material which is being made available in English for the first time, Russia's Road to Democracy presents an in-depth analysis with conclusions that contradict the hitherto prevailing theoretical assumptions.
Now, more than ever, foods come packaged in containers designed for direct cooking or heating, which often causes the movement of substances - indirect additives - into foods. Because of their unique characteristics, plastics or polymeric materials (PM) have become the most important packaging material for food products. The safety assessment of plastics intended for use in contact with foodstuffs or drinking water continues to present a serious challenge. Indirect Food Additives and Polymers: Migration and Toxicology studies the potential hazards of indirect additives for human health and develops recommendations for their safe manufacture and use. It contains an impressive review of basic regulatory, toxicological, and other scientific information necessary to identify, characterize, measure, and predict the hazards of nearly 2,000 plastic-like materials employed in packaging. The author presents the data underlying federal regulations - previously unavailable a single volume. The entry for each chemical provides: Prime Name Molecular or Structural Formula Molecular Mass Synonyms CAS Number RTECS number Properties Application and Exposure Migration Data Acute Toxicity Repeated Exposure Short-Term Toxicity Long-Term Toxicity Immunotoxicity of Allergenic Effect Reproductive Toxicity Mutagenicity Carcinogenicity Chemobiokinetics Standards Guidelines Regulations Recommendations References International in scope, the Handbook of Indirect Polymeric Additives in Food and Water: Migration and Toxicology offers comprehensive data on the toxic effects of polymeric materials and their ingredients. You will find the most information on plastics and polymeric materials- their migration and toxicology - in this resource.
Known to most as a realm of exile and labor camps, Siberia is also one of the world's wealthiest resource bases. This harsh, vast land constitutes nearly three-quarters of Russia's territory, yet after four centuries of Slavic migration and procreation it is home to a mere 32 million people.In this comprehensive book, Victor Mote illuminates the dichotomy between Siberia's rich treasurehouse of resources and its peripheral relationship to the rest of the world. With this paradox in mind, he traces the region's history from the Stone Age to the present, emphasizing the unique blend of wit and will developed by inhabitants to survive one of the most brutal environments in the world?a land that has been part colony, part prison, and part frontier. Mote also explores the geography, ethnography, economics, and politics of Siberia and its people, providing a multidisciplinary perspective for scholars and general readers alike interested in Eurasia's ?forgotten quarter.?
In the book stories, journalism, verses, stories are collected. Two of them comic. In one work the author exposes the myth about collapse of the USSR, No stagnation existed...
Exact Solutions and Invariant Subspaces of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations in Mechanics and Physics is the first book to provide a systematic construction of exact solutions via linear invariant subspaces for nonlinear differential operators. Acting as a guide to nonlinear evolution equations and models from physics and mechanics, the book focuses on the existence of new exact solutions on linear invariant subspaces for nonlinear operators and their crucial new properties. This practical reference deals with various partial differential equations (PDEs) and models that exhibit some common nonlinear invariant features. It begins with classical as well as more recent examples of solutions on invariant subspaces. In the remainder of the book, the authors develop several techniques for constructing exact solutions of various nonlinear PDEs, including reaction-diffusion and gas dynamics models, thin-film and Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equations, nonlinear dispersion (compacton) equations, KdV-type and Harry Dym models, quasilinear magma equations, and Green-Naghdi equations. Using exact solutions, they describe the evolution properties of blow-up or extinction phenomena, finite interface propagation, and the oscillatory, changing sign behavior of weak solutions near interfaces for nonlinear PDEs of various types and orders. The techniques surveyed in Exact Solutions and Invariant Subspaces of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations in Mechanics and Physics serve as a preliminary introduction to the general theory of nonlinear evolution PDEs of different orders and types.
The present book is a collection of variations on a theme which can be summed up as follows: It is impossible for a non-zero function and its Fourier transform to be simultaneously very small. In other words, the approximate equalities x :::::: y and x :::::: fj cannot hold, at the same time and with a high degree of accuracy, unless the functions x and yare identical. Any information gained about x (in the form of a good approximation y) has to be paid for by a corresponding loss of control on x, and vice versa. Such is, roughly speaking, the import of the Uncertainty Principle (or UP for short) referred to in the title ofthis book. That principle has an unmistakable kinship with its namesake in physics - Heisenberg's famous Uncertainty Principle - and may indeed be regarded as providing one of mathematical interpretations for the latter. But we mention these links with Quantum Mechanics and other connections with physics and engineering only for their inspirational value, and hasten to reassure the reader that at no point in this book will he be led beyond the world of purely mathematical facts. Actually, the portion of this world charted in our book is sufficiently vast, even though we confine ourselves to trigonometric Fourier series and integrals (so that "The U. P. in Fourier Analysis" might be a slightly more appropriate title than the one we chose).
Rapid development of Earth observation satellite using remote sensing techniques enables observations of the oceanic processes by sea and airborne study to be carried out over vast areas in a short time. This first book written by Russian and Norwegian scientists is an analysis of studies of the Kara Sea and presents a unique catalogue of environmental and pollution data of the joint Norwegian and Russian oceanographic expedition studies of the Kara Sea spanning three decades.
Russian democracy in the post-totalitarian era is intimately bound up with the fate of its representative institutions. In Russia's Road to Democracy, Victor Sergeyev and Nikolai Biryukov assess why the Congress of People's Deputies, and the other newly elected institutions founded under perestroika, not only failed to prevent, but also seemed to speed up and provoke, the disintegration of the Soviet Union. By studying the early history of the Congress, the book seeks insights on the prospects for democracy in Russia. Following an inquiry into the roots of Soviet political culture and the implications for future representative institutions, the book then examines the genesis of the Congress of People's Deputies and attempts a hermeneutical reconstruction of the deputies' models of social reality, as expressed in the texts of their parliamentary debates. The authors argue that the adoption of the concept of sobornost - a belief in society's organic unity - as the basic model for this institution proved utterly inadequate to the challenges the country faced. Including substantial new source material which is being made available in English for the first time, Russia's Road to Democracy presents an in-depth analysis with conclusions that contradict the hitherto prevailing theoretical assumptions.
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