As was announced two years ago, the description of the physical properties of molybde num has now been completed in the present volume up to page 124. Whereas most properties, e.g., the electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, are dealt with in the usual manner, the results of studies of the atom and ion emission had to be presented in a revised form, comprising not only the most recent data but having in mind also the corresponding data for tungsten, which will be represented in a supplement volume now in preparation. The various modes of electron emission have also been studied in great detail. Many more pages (exactly 226 pages, as contrasted to three pages in the Main Volume) were needed to present the electrochemical data for molybdenum, which were published to an astonishingly great extent by Russian workers. The large volume of literature is due to the extensive industrial application of the metaL, cf. "MoLybdän" Erg.-Bd. A 1, 1977, and to its occurrence in various oxidation states. Thus the equilibrium between an Mo eLectrode and Mo ions or between an inert eLectrode and Mo ions is deaLt with in the chapters "Standard PotentiaLs" and "PotentiaLs", whereas kinetics and reaction mechanisms of the reduction and oxidation of Mo ions on a dropping mercury electrode and other inert eLectrodes can be found in the chapter "Polarography/ Voltammetry.
The present Supplement Volume Beryllium A 3 continues and completes the description of the physical properties of the element, begun in Supplement Volume A 2, 1991, and also treats the electrochemical behavior of the metal. The unique combination of the Be properties, which was pointed out in Supplement Volume A 2, is also demonstrated in the following chapters of this Volume A 3: 13. Electrical Properties 14. Electronic Properties 15. Optical Properties. Emission and Impact Phenomena 16. Electrochemical Behavior Starting with the electrical properties, Be isarather good electrical conductor in centrast to what might be expected. Superconductivity was studied, especially on films. Quantum effects, which are more pronounced in Be than in most other metals, are the reason for numerous in vestigations of the magnetoresistance and the magnetic-breakdown effect. The basis for many of the characteristic properties is the unique nature of bonding in Be as a consequence of its peculiar electronic structure and the special shape of its Fermi surface which also gave rise to further numerous studies. Detailed cluster calculations were per formed to better understand the bonding in the metal. Regarding the optical properties, the high reflectivity of Be, particularly in the infrared region, makes it attractive for the fabrication of precision optical surfaces (mirrors); it is also useful for solar-collector surfaces in spacecraft applications. Emission and electron-and ion impact phenomena as well as neutron optics are also discussed.
Some years ago the Gmelin Institute started to supplement the volumes on halogens and halogen compounds. For the elements chlorine and fluorine these supplementary volumes have already been finished. For the element bromine the volume A 1 is also available. Now the volume B 1 will be published starting with the description of the compounds of bromine. The present volume describes the compounds of bromine with rare gases and with hydrogen. The volume is dominated by the description of HBr and its aqueous solution, hydrobromic acid. Chemical and physical properties of the diatomic molecule HBr are extremely well studied by modern methods. Thus detailed descriptions are given of gas-phase properties, spectra, and properties of condensed phases. Emphasis is laid on elementary reaction processes such as energy transfer and single reaction steps for HBr formation and decomposition. These studies have become classics of modern reaction kinetics. Likewise, elementary reactions of HBr and Br- with nonmetallic compounds are described comprehensively.
The present Supplement Volume Beryllium A 3 continues and completes the description of the physical properties of the element, begun in Supplement Volume A 2, 1991, and also treats the electrochemical behavior of the metal. The unique combination of the Be properties, which was pointed out in Supplement Volume A 2, is also demonstrated in the following chapters of this Volume A 3: 13. Electrical Properties 14. Electronic Properties 15. Optical Properties. Emission and Impact Phenomena 16. Electrochemical Behavior Starting with the electrical properties, Be isarather good electrical conductor in centrast to what might be expected. Superconductivity was studied, especially on films. Quantum effects, which are more pronounced in Be than in most other metals, are the reason for numerous in vestigations of the magnetoresistance and the magnetic-breakdown effect. The basis for many of the characteristic properties is the unique nature of bonding in Be as a consequence of its peculiar electronic structure and the special shape of its Fermi surface which also gave rise to further numerous studies. Detailed cluster calculations were per formed to better understand the bonding in the metal. Regarding the optical properties, the high reflectivity of Be, particularly in the infrared region, makes it attractive for the fabrication of precision optical surfaces (mirrors); it is also useful for solar-collector surfaces in spacecraft applications. Emission and electron-and ion impact phenomena as well as neutron optics are also discussed.
The present volume is part of the Tungsten Supplement A series covering the production, use, physical properties, and chemical reactions of the metallic element. It treats the potentials and the cathodic and anodic behavior of tungsten electrodes in aqueous and nonaqueous solutions and in melts. This is supplemented by a description of the kinetics and the mechanism of the reactions found by polarographic and voltammetric experiments to proceed between mercury, amalgam, or inert electrodes and W ions in various media. In chapters "Electrodeposition" and "Electrolytic Etching, Polishing, and Machining" the present volume complements corresponding short sections in Supplement Volume A 1, treating technological aspects, by describing the processes occurring on a more scientific basis and by considering also the more recent literature. A great number of publications had to be evaluated, with the majority contributed by Russian authors.
As was announced two years ago, the description of the physical properties of molybde num has now been completed in the present volume up to page 124. Whereas most properties, e.g., the electrical, magnetic, and optical properties, are dealt with in the usual manner, the results of studies of the atom and ion emission had to be presented in a revised form, comprising not only the most recent data but having in mind also the corresponding data for tungsten, which will be represented in a supplement volume now in preparation. The various modes of electron emission have also been studied in great detail. Many more pages (exactly 226 pages, as contrasted to three pages in the Main Volume) were needed to present the electrochemical data for molybdenum, which were published to an astonishingly great extent by Russian workers. The large volume of literature is due to the extensive industrial application of the metaL, cf. "MoLybdän" Erg.-Bd. A 1, 1977, and to its occurrence in various oxidation states. Thus the equilibrium between an Mo eLectrode and Mo ions or between an inert eLectrode and Mo ions is deaLt with in the chapters "Standard PotentiaLs" and "PotentiaLs", whereas kinetics and reaction mechanisms of the reduction and oxidation of Mo ions on a dropping mercury electrode and other inert eLectrodes can be found in the chapter "Polarography/ Voltammetry.
The present Supplement Volume Beryllium A 3 continues and completes the description of the physical properties of the element, begun in Supplement Volume A 2, 1991, and also treats the electrochemical behavior of the metal. The unique combination of the Be properties, which was pointed out in Supplement Volume A 2, is also demonstrated in the following chapters of this Volume A 3: 13. Electrical Properties 14. Electronic Properties 15. Optical Properties. Emission and Impact Phenomena 16. Electrochemical Behavior Starting with the electrical properties, Be isarather good electrical conductor in centrast to what might be expected. Superconductivity was studied, especially on films. Quantum effects, which are more pronounced in Be than in most other metals, are the reason for numerous in vestigations of the magnetoresistance and the magnetic-breakdown effect. The basis for many of the characteristic properties is the unique nature of bonding in Be as a consequence of its peculiar electronic structure and the special shape of its Fermi surface which also gave rise to further numerous studies. Detailed cluster calculations were per formed to better understand the bonding in the metal. Regarding the optical properties, the high reflectivity of Be, particularly in the infrared region, makes it attractive for the fabrication of precision optical surfaces (mirrors); it is also useful for solar-collector surfaces in spacecraft applications. Emission and electron-and ion impact phenomena as well as neutron optics are also discussed.
Everyone stops and stares at a horse with a beautiful or unusual color. So striking are the variations of bay, gray, chestnut, black, solid, and spotted that many people breed for specific combinations. This has led to a marked increase in international interest in the study of horse color genetics—as well as a need for an easy-to-use reference suitable for the layperson who also wants to understand the science behind it all. In these pages, horsewoman and genetics specialist Vera Kurskaya puts forward a guide that aims to not only provide basic information about horse color appropriate for a general audience, but also explore the specifics of inheritance and recent color genetics research certain to inform serious aficionados worldwide. With 200+ color photographs in handy reference sections throughout, as well as an in-depth look at special hair features, the evolution of horse color, and the effect of color on performance, fertility, and character, Horse Color Explored is a fascinating and valuable resource for the modern horseperson.
In this second volume of Strong on Music, Vera Brodsky Lawrence carries into the 1850s her landmark account of the nineteenth-century New York music scene. Using music entries from George Templeton Strong's famous journals—most published here for the first time—as a point of departure, Lawrence provides a vivid portrait of a vibrant musical culture. Each chapter presents one year in the musical life of New York City, with Lawrence's extensive commentary enriched both by excerpts from Strong's diaries and a lavish selection of little-known music criticism and comment from the period. The reviews, written by an often truculent, sometimes venal tribe of music journalists, cover the entire world of music—from opera to barrel organ, salon to saloon. In this New York, operas performed by renowned artists are parodied by blackface minstrels; performances of the Philharmonic Society are drowned by the raucous chatter of flirtatious adolescents, who turn concerts into a noisy singles' hangout; and irate critics trash the first performances of Verdi operas, calling the plots indecent and the scores noisy and unmelodic. In this volatile atmosphere, a native musical culture is born; its whose first faltering efforts are dubiously received, and the first American composers begin to emerge.
Community Psychology, 6th Edition offers an easy-to-navigate, clearly organized, and comprehensive overview of the field, with theoretical roots that carry over to practical applications. Presenting the concepts of community psychology and social change, these concepts are then applied to various systems addressing the human condition: mental health, medical, public health, school, legal, and industrial/organizational. Through a unique three-part approach, including concepts, interventions, and applications of the theory, the book opens the field of community psychology to students who are interested in how psychology might help themselves and the systems around them. It then focuses on the prevention of problems, the promotion of well-being, the empowerment of members within a community, the appreciation of diversity, and an ecological model for the understanding of human behavior. Attention is paid to both "classic" early writings and the most recent journal articles and reviews by today’s practitioners and researchers. Historical and alternative methods of effecting social change are explored in this book, with the overall theme that the environment is as important as the individual in it. This 6th edition will include new topical subjects such as grit and life success, changes in technology and their impact, interventions based on networking, social movements and justice, dealing with stigma, and new models of health. It will appeal to advanced undergraduates as well as graduates taking courses on community psychology, social psychology, clinical psychology, and related fields.
Lactose-Derived Prebiotics: A Process Perspective is the first scientific reference to provide a comprehensive technological overview of the processes to derive oligosaccharides from dairy for use in functional foods. With their combined 90+ years in industry and research, the authors present the functional properties of prebiotics derived from lactose and the production technology required to make them. The book focuses on process engineering and includes an overview of green chemistry processes involving enzyme biocatalysis, providing detailed coverage of the use of whey lactose as raw material for producing oligosaccharides. The book's focus on processes and products allows the reader to understand the constraints and impacts of technology on lactose-derived prebiotics. - Presents the challenges of and opportunities for deriving oligosaccharides from lactose - Details the technologies and methods required to produce lactose-derived prebiotics, including a comparison between chemical and enzymatic synthesis - Discusses the potential use of whey as a raw material for the synthesis of non-digestible lactose-derived oligosaccharides - Provides a process engineer perspective and includes valuable information about kinetics and reactor design for the enzymatic synthesis of lactose-derived oligosaccharides
Welcome to the new, expanded edition of the Vault Guide to the Top Chicago & Midwest Law Firms. We've invited associates at the region's top law firms to tell us about their jobs, offer suggestions to prospective associates an.
This third book in the Prevention Practice Kit introduces the topics of social justice and cultural relevance in prevention practice - an increasingly important trend in the 21st century. Covering a wide range of research in this field, the authors skillfully help the readers understand, design, and implement social justice-driven, culturally relevant prevention efforts.
Some years ago the Gmelin Institute started to supplement the volumes on halogens and halogen compounds. For the elements chlorine and fluorine these supplementary volumes have already been finished. For the element bromine the volume A 1 is also available. Now the volume B 1 will be published starting with the description of the compounds of bromine. The present volume describes the compounds of bromine with rare gases and with hydrogen. The volume is dominated by the description of HBr and its aqueous solution, hydrobromic acid. Chemical and physical properties of the diatomic molecule HBr are extremely well studied by modern methods. Thus detailed descriptions are given of gas-phase properties, spectra, and properties of condensed phases. Emphasis is laid on elementary reaction processes such as energy transfer and single reaction steps for HBr formation and decomposition. These studies have become classics of modern reaction kinetics. Likewise, elementary reactions of HBr and Br- with nonmetallic compounds are described comprehensively.
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