A Roadmap for the Comprehensive Assessment of Natech Risk: Management and Control of Technological Accidents Triggered by Natural Hazards in the Framework of Climate Change covers the latest advancements concerning the quantitative risk assessment and the management of cascading events involving technological accidents caused by natural hazards. These complex events are called Natech accidents, and their management and control are recognized as paramount priorities to enhance the resilience of critical infrastructures, and in particular of chemical and process facilities, in the framework of adaptation to climate change. The topic is introduced providing the description of past accidents, case-studies, and quantitative figures allowing the identification of the most vulnerable plant elements, of the complex features of accident scenarios, and of their rising trend possibly related to factors as climate change and growing industrialization. A state of the art of the available approaches to the assessment and management of Natech risk is provided. Advanced methodologies supporting a holistic approach to the assessment of scenarios driven by natural hazards are presented, enabling the identification and analysis of peculiar accident dynamics. In particular, the possible performance degradation of utilities and safety systems available on the sites and its role in accident initiation and escalation is addressed. Methodologies aiming at the assessment of the actual performance of safety barriers and safety systems during or immediately after the impact of a natural event are presented. Recent tools and data supporting the quantitative assessment of these features in the overall assessment of Natech risk are reported, highlighting the similarities with other typologies of cascading accidents. Several case studies are presented in the book, and each methodology presented is provided with an illustrative case-study providing guidance to its application. - Provides user-friendly description of methodologies suitable for the application to complex industrial problems - Includes worked case-studies to explicitly drive the application of the proposed methodologies - Offers state-of-the-art, available tools to perform the assessment of Natech risk to provide a quick toolbox to be applied to complex industrial problems
There has been a strong need to enhance the utilization of renewable energy systems (RESs) from onshore to offshore applications where oil and gas companies are pivoting to integrate such renewable energy options into their offshore operations to lower their carbon footprint, extend the lifetime of their assets, and expand their market. In this regard, innovative hybrid energy systems, such as "Power to Gas (P2G) and "Power to Liquid (P2L) options, as well as novel integration strategies for "Gas to Power (G2P) systems, offer the opportunity to implement solutions energy transition, paving the way to offshore RES deployment. Hybrid Energy Systems for Offshore Applications delivers a comprehensive presentation of state of the art and perspective developments of offshore RES exploitation strategies and technologies, and provides a unique portfolio of decision-making methodologies supporting the selection of the most suitable options for offshore renewable energy production at a specific site. System modeling and analysis along with the definitions of multicriteria methodologies and strategies based on sustainability, environmental impact, and safety performance indicators are addressed in an integrated fashion. Rounding out with both research and practical applications explained, this book gives academicians and industrial professionals fundamentals and methods for integrated performance analysis of innovative systems addressing offshore RES exploitation, sustainable chemical and power production, better efficiency, lower costs, lower environmental impact, and higher inherent safety. - Harmonized presentation of RESs - Unique coverage on hybrid energy systems and their offshore applications - Comprehensive thermodynamic analysis and evaluation of the developed systems - Process and system modeling, analysis, and decision-making methodologies for offshore P2G, P2L, and G2P solutions - Sustainability modeling and assessment studies for various offshore applications - Distinct parametric studies, illustrations, and case studies - Specific sustainability and safety performance indicators for comparative evaluations
Risk and Safety Management are crucial aspects in chemical industry and academic laboratories. From their rich experience in academic education and industrial practice, the authors present options for professional training addressing engineers and scientists at different career levels. The book informs about existing norms (OHSAS, ISO, etc.) and discusses examples from several countries.
Fragments projected by equipment failures are a relevant cause of escalation leading to domino accidents. The patterns underlying this escalation mechanism were revised in detail. The fundamental phenomena available to cope with the three main steps of the phenomena (fragment formation, fragment ejection and flight, and damage from fragment impact on a target) were analyzed in detail. Models available for the calculation of escalation probability due to fragments are reported and their potentialities and limitations are discussed.
Domino effects may cause more severe accident scenarios in the chemical and process industries. An introduction is given to the context and state of the art of technical and scientific knowledge concerning accident scenarios where domino effect(s) took place, as well as to European regulations on the subject. The specific context of chemical clusters with respect to safety and security assessment when dealing with domino scenarios is also introduced.
The analysis of domino escalation scenarios is a complex task. The use of advanced distributed parameter models may provide a significant contribution to domino effect escalation assessment. Nevertheless, this approach requires a detailed description of equipment geometry and the characterization of the primary scenarios leading to the escalation. This chapter is aimed at presenting the potentialities of the distributed parameters codes for the specific assessment of domino accidents triggered by fire and overpressure by the analysis of specific case studies.
The first step in the assessment of domino accident scenarios is the definition of the basic elements of escalation resulting in a domino effect. In the present chapter, the fundamental elements of a domino accident are discussed. A generic and unambiguous definition for “domino effect” is provided, taking into consideration a myriad of definitions for the term that have been suggested since 1984. An approach is elaborated and discussed to allow drafting a comprehensive and full-scale categorization of events that may constitute a domino accident. The concepts of propagation and escalation are clarified. The possibility of simple, multiple-level and parallel propagation are introduced and discussed. A framework for the quantitative assessment of domino scenarios is provided.
There has been a strong need to enhance the utilization of renewable energy systems (RESs) from onshore to offshore applications where oil and gas companies are pivoting to integrate such renewable energy options into their offshore operations to lower their carbon footprint, extend the lifetime of their assets, and expand their market. In this regard, innovative hybrid energy systems, such as "Power to Gas (P2G) and "Power to Liquid (P2L) options, as well as novel integration strategies for "Gas to Power (G2P) systems, offer the opportunity to implement solutions energy transition, paving the way to offshore RES deployment. Hybrid Energy Systems for Offshore Applications delivers a comprehensive presentation of state of the art and perspective developments of offshore RES exploitation strategies and technologies, and provides a unique portfolio of decision-making methodologies supporting the selection of the most suitable options for offshore renewable energy production at a specific site. System modeling and analysis along with the definitions of multicriteria methodologies and strategies based on sustainability, environmental impact, and safety performance indicators are addressed in an integrated fashion. Rounding out with both research and practical applications explained, this book gives academicians and industrial professionals fundamentals and methods for integrated performance analysis of innovative systems addressing offshore RES exploitation, sustainable chemical and power production, better efficiency, lower costs, lower environmental impact, and higher inherent safety. - Harmonized presentation of RESs - Unique coverage on hybrid energy systems and their offshore applications - Comprehensive thermodynamic analysis and evaluation of the developed systems - Process and system modeling, analysis, and decision-making methodologies for offshore P2G, P2L, and G2P solutions - Sustainability modeling and assessment studies for various offshore applications - Distinct parametric studies, illustrations, and case studies - Specific sustainability and safety performance indicators for comparative evaluations
A Roadmap for the Comprehensive Assessment of Natech Risk: Management and Control of Technological Accidents Triggered by Natural Hazards in the Framework of Climate Change covers the latest advancements concerning the quantitative risk assessment and the management of cascading events involving technological accidents caused by natural hazards. These complex events are called Natech accidents, and their management and control are recognized as paramount priorities to enhance the resilience of critical infrastructures, and in particular of chemical and process facilities, in the framework of adaptation to climate change. The topic is introduced providing the description of past accidents, case-studies, and quantitative figures allowing the identification of the most vulnerable plant elements, of the complex features of accident scenarios, and of their rising trend possibly related to factors as climate change and growing industrialization. A state of the art of the available approaches to the assessment and management of Natech risk is provided. Advanced methodologies supporting a holistic approach to the assessment of scenarios driven by natural hazards are presented, enabling the identification and analysis of peculiar accident dynamics. In particular, the possible performance degradation of utilities and safety systems available on the sites and its role in accident initiation and escalation is addressed. Methodologies aiming at the assessment of the actual performance of safety barriers and safety systems during or immediately after the impact of a natural event are presented. Recent tools and data supporting the quantitative assessment of these features in the overall assessment of Natech risk are reported, highlighting the similarities with other typologies of cascading accidents. Several case studies are presented in the book, and each methodology presented is provided with an illustrative case-study providing guidance to its application. - Provides user-friendly description of methodologies suitable for the application to complex industrial problems - Includes worked case-studies to explicitly drive the application of the proposed methodologies - Offers state-of-the-art, available tools to perform the assessment of Natech risk to provide a quick toolbox to be applied to complex industrial problems
This book deals with the state-of-the-art of physical security knowledge and research in the chemical and process industries. Legislation differences between Europe and the USA are investigated, followed by an overview of the how, what and why of contemporary security risk assessment in this particular industrial sector. Innovative solutions such as attractiveness calculations and the use of game theory, advancing the present science of adversarial risk analysis, are discussed. The book further stands up for developing and employing dynamic security risk assessments, for instance based on Bayesian networks, and using OR methods to truly move security forward in the chemical and process industries.
Risk and Safety Management are crucial aspects in chemical industry and academic laboratories. From their rich experience in academic education and industrial practice, the authors present options for professional training addressing engineers and scientists at different career levels. The book informs about existing norms (OHSAS, ISO, etc.) and discusses examples from several countries.
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