This open access publication outlines the underlying framework for gathering data on civic knowledge, attitudes, and engagement as well as contextual information, and it describes the assessment design for the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement’s (IEA) International Civic and Citizenship Education Study 2022. The IEA International Civic and Citizenship Study (ICCS) investigates how young people are prepared to undertake their roles as citizens in a range of countries in the second decade of the 21st century. ICCS 2022 is a continuation of two earlier IEA studies, ICCS 2009 and ICCS 2016, and, for the first time, this survey includes the option of a computer-based assessment. Responding to enduring and emerging challenges of educating young people in a world where contexts of democracy and civic participation continue to change, the study addresses issues related to young people’s engagement through digital technologies, migration and diversity, perceptions of the political system, global citizenship, and education for sustainable development. Over the past 50 years, IEA has conducted comparative research studies in a range of domains focusing on educational policies, practices, and outcomes in many countries around the world. Prior to ICCS 2022, IEA conducted four international comparative studies of civic and citizenship education, with a first survey implemented in 1971, a second one in 1999, third in 2009 and fourth in 2016. ICCS 2022 data will allow education systems to evaluate the strengths of educational policies, both internationally, and in a regional context, and to measure progress in achieving critical components of their educational policy agendas.
This open access book presents findings from 15 European countries participating in the second cycle of the IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS 2016). The study investigates the ways in which young people are prepared to undertake their roles as citizens in a range of countries in the second decade of the 21st century. It responds to new and persisting challenges in the area of civic and citizenship education. The main results presented in this book are based on data collected using a European student questionnaire and provide insights into lower-secondary students’ views on European identity (such as whether they identify as European, or have opportunities to learn about Europe in school), perceptions of freedom of movement and immigration (such as attitudes toward immigration, restriction of freedom of movement, and the freedom of European citizens to live and work across Europe), and perceptions of Europe and its future (such as views on European cooperation, expectations regarding Europe’s future, and attitudes toward the European Union). For the 12 countries that participated in the previous cycle (ICCS 2009), ICCS 2016 reveals changes in young people’s perceptions of immigration and European identity between 2009 and 2016. Test and questionnaire data from the international core study are used to review the extent to which region-specific perceptions are related to other factors, such as students’ level of civic knowledge and social or educational contexts.
The IEA's International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) investigates the ways in which young people are prepared to undertake their roles as citizens in a range of countries in the second decade of the 21st century. ICCS 2016 is the second cycle of a study initiated in 2009. This report from ICCS focuses on data collected in the 15 countries that participated in the study's 2016 European regional questionnaire. It reveals lower secondary school students' views on European identity, their perceptions of freedom of movement and immigration, and their opinions of Europe and its future. It also, for the 12 European countries that participated in both ICCS 2009 and ICCS 2016, looks at changes across this time period, in young people's perceptions of immigration and European identity. Comparison with the complete international study will enable readers to review the extent to which region-specific perceptions are related to other factors, such as students' level of civic knowledge and social or educational contexts. Over the past 50 years, the IEA has conducted comparative research studies in a range of domains focusing on educational policies, practices, and outcomes in many countries around the world. The association conducted its first survey of civic education in 1971. The reliable comparative data collected by ICCS 2016 will allow education systems to evaluate the strengths of educational policies, both internationally and within a regional context, and to measure their progress toward achieving critical components of the United Nations' 2030 agenda for sustainable development.
This open access publication outlines the underlying framework for gathering data on civic knowledge, attitudes, and engagement as well as contextual information, and it describes the assessment design for the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement’s (IEA) International Civic and Citizenship Education Study 2022. The IEA International Civic and Citizenship Study (ICCS) investigates how young people are prepared to undertake their roles as citizens in a range of countries in the second decade of the 21st century. ICCS 2022 is a continuation of two earlier IEA studies, ICCS 2009 and ICCS 2016, and, for the first time, this survey includes the option of a computer-based assessment. Responding to enduring and emerging challenges of educating young people in a world where contexts of democracy and civic participation continue to change, the study addresses issues related to young people’s engagement through digital technologies, migration and diversity, perceptions of the political system, global citizenship, and education for sustainable development. Over the past 50 years, IEA has conducted comparative research studies in a range of domains focusing on educational policies, practices, and outcomes in many countries around the world. Prior to ICCS 2022, IEA conducted four international comparative studies of civic and citizenship education, with a first survey implemented in 1971, a second one in 1999, third in 2009 and fourth in 2016. ICCS 2022 data will allow education systems to evaluate the strengths of educational policies, both internationally, and in a regional context, and to measure progress in achieving critical components of their educational policy agendas.
This open access book presents findings from 15 European countries participating in the second cycle of the IEA International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS 2016). The study investigates the ways in which young people are prepared to undertake their roles as citizens in a range of countries in the second decade of the 21st century. It responds to new and persisting challenges in the area of civic and citizenship education. The main results presented in this book are based on data collected using a European student questionnaire and provide insights into lower-secondary students’ views on European identity (such as whether they identify as European, or have opportunities to learn about Europe in school), perceptions of freedom of movement and immigration (such as attitudes toward immigration, restriction of freedom of movement, and the freedom of European citizens to live and work across Europe), and perceptions of Europe and its future (such as views on European cooperation, expectations regarding Europe’s future, and attitudes toward the European Union). For the 12 countries that participated in the previous cycle (ICCS 2009), ICCS 2016 reveals changes in young people’s perceptions of immigration and European identity between 2009 and 2016. Test and questionnaire data from the international core study are used to review the extent to which region-specific perceptions are related to other factors, such as students’ level of civic knowledge and social or educational contexts.
This book is intended as an innovative overview of current formal verification methods, combined with an in-depth analysis of some advanced techniques to improve the scalability of these methods, and close the gap between design and verification in computer-aided design. Formal Verification: Scalable Hardware Verification with Symbolic Simulation explains current formal verification methods and provides an in-depth analysis of some advanced techniques to improve the scalability of these methods and close the gap between design and verification in computer-aided design. It provides the theoretical background required to present such methods and advanced techniques, i.e. Boolean function representations, models of sequential networks and, in particular, some novel algorithms to expose the disjoint support decompositions of Boolean functions, used in one of the scalable approaches.
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