The period between 1867 and 1914 remains the greatest watershed in human history since the emergence of settled agricultural societies: the time when an expansive civilization based on synergy of fuels, science, and technical innovation was born. At its beginnings in the 1870s were dynamite, the telephone, photographic film, and the first light bulbs. Its peak decade - the astonishing 1880s - brought electricity - generating plants, electric motors, steam turbines, the gramophone, cars, aluminum production, air-filled rubber tires, and prestressed concrete. And its post-1900 period saw the first airplanes, tractors, radio signals and plastics, neon lights and assembly line production. This book is a systematic interdisciplinary account of the history of this outpouring of European and American intellect and of its truly epochal consequences. It takes a close look at four fundamental classes of these epoch-making innovations: formation, diffusion, and standardization of electric systems; invention and rapid adoption of internal combustion engines; the unprecedented pace of new chemical syntheses and material substitutions; and the birth of a new information age. These chapters are followed by an evaluation of the lasting impact these advances had on the 20th century, that is, the creation of high-energy societies engaged in mass production aimed at improving standards of living.
A comprehensive account of how energy has shaped society throughout history, from pre-agricultural foraging societies through today's fossil fuel–driven civilization. "I wait for new Smil books the way some people wait for the next 'Star Wars' movie. In his latest book, Energy and Civilization: A History, he goes deep and broad to explain how innovations in humans' ability to turn energy into heat, light, and motion have been a driving force behind our cultural and economic progress over the past 10,000 years. —Bill Gates, Gates Notes, Best Books of the Year Energy is the only universal currency; it is necessary for getting anything done. The conversion of energy on Earth ranges from terra-forming forces of plate tectonics to cumulative erosive effects of raindrops. Life on Earth depends on the photosynthetic conversion of solar energy into plant biomass. Humans have come to rely on many more energy flows—ranging from fossil fuels to photovoltaic generation of electricity—for their civilized existence. In this monumental history, Vaclav Smil provides a comprehensive account of how energy has shaped society, from pre-agricultural foraging societies through today's fossil fuel–driven civilization. Humans are the only species that can systematically harness energies outside their bodies, using the power of their intellect and an enormous variety of artifacts—from the simplest tools to internal combustion engines and nuclear reactors. The epochal transition to fossil fuels affected everything: agriculture, industry, transportation, weapons, communication, economics, urbanization, quality of life, politics, and the environment. Smil describes humanity's energy eras in panoramic and interdisciplinary fashion, offering readers a magisterial overview. This book is an extensively updated and expanded version of Smil's Energy in World History (1994). Smil has incorporated an enormous amount of new material, reflecting the dramatic developments in energy studies over the last two decades and his own research over that time.
Immunological Disorders in Mice focuses on immunological reactions and diseases based on models provided through studies on genetically based immunological disorders in inbred strains of mice. The book discusses various defects affecting all levels of immunological response, featuring new data on "classical" mutations, as well as information regarding lesser known immune defects. New areas presented include genetic manipulation, ontogenetic aspects, clinical implications, the effect of drugs on immunodefective strains, and neuroendocrine regulation. A critical evaluation of the data presented through these studies on immune disorders in mice will facilitate the understanding of immunological processes and have significant application in clinical practice. Theoretical immunologists, animal breeding companies, and clinical immunologists will find this text invaluable.
An evidence-based reference for integrating manual medicine into everyday clinical practice Written by the authors of the popular Manual Medicine: Diagnostics and Manual Medicine: Therapy, this book is a comprehensive guide to integrating manual medicine into the diagnosis and clinical management of musculoskeletal disorders and pain syndromes. Brimming with instructive images and illustrations, the book provides a solid foundation in general principles of manual medicine, spinal biomechanics, neurophysiology, as well as treatments for each disorder and condition. Separate sections on the spine, limbs, and muscles present clinical applications for structural diagnosis and functional treatment. Highlights: Practical examples of evidence-based approaches to manual medicine 1,313 illustrations and photographs of superb quality that rapidly demonstrate key concepts Coverage of the essentials of the neuro-musculoskeletal examination with step-by-step descriptions of the techniques for observation, palpation, motion tests, functional examination, and provocative tests, including quick screening tests Chapter on the various components of nonradicular pain syndromes, including muscle pain syndromes, with clear diagnostic criteria for distinguishing the non-radicular and soft-tissue pain syndromes from other pain syndromes Succinct descriptions of common clinical neuro-orthopedic disorders and syndromes of the spine, upper limb, and lower limb in tabular format - ideal for rapid reference and review Discussion of the rationale for selecting particular low-risk treatment interventions, as well as a thorough discussion of indications and contraindications for patients with potentially increased risk Discussion of important considerations for documentation, informed consent, patient monitoring, and follow-up measures Practical section with descriptions of exercises for patients to do on their own Potential considerations for future research This book will serve as the definitive reference for all practitioners involved in the diagnosis and medical management of locomotor disorders and painful conditions. It will enable clinicians to enhance their diagnostic and treatment armamentarium by incorporating manual medicine techniques based on the current, evidence-based knowledge of the interrelationships between structure and function.
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