Vaccine Safety Committee's Books

Adverse Events Associated with Childhood Vaccines

Evidence Bearing on Causality

By: Institute of Medicine,Vaccine Safety Committee

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Adverse Events Associated with Childhood Vaccines

Evidence Bearing on Causality

By: Institute of Medicine,Vaccine Safety Committee

Childhood immunization is one of the major public health measures of the 20th century and is now receiving special attention from the Clinton administration. At the same time, some parents and health professionals are questioning the safety of vaccines because of the occurrence of rare adverse events after immunization. This volume provides the most thorough literature review available about links between common childhood vaccinesâ€"tetanus, diphtheria, measles, mumps, polio, Haemophilus influenzae b, and hepatitis Bâ€"and specific types of disorders or death. The authors discuss approaches to evidence and causality and examine the consequencesâ€"neurologic and immunologic disorders and deathâ€"linked with immunization. Discussion also includes background information on the development of the vaccines and details about the case reports, clinical trials, and other evidence associating each vaccine with specific disorders. This comprehensive volume will be an important resource to anyone concerned about the immunization controversy: public health officials, pediatricians, attorneys, researchers, and parents.

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Page Count

481

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309048958

ISBN 13

9780309048958

Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Review of Priorities in the National Vaccine Plan

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Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Review of Priorities in the National Vaccine Plan

Vaccination is a fundamental component of preventive medicine and public health. The use of vaccines to prevent infectious diseases has resulted in dramatic decreases in disease, disability, and death in the United States and around the world. The current political, economic, and social environment presents both opportunities for and challenges to strengthening the U.S. system for developing, manufacturing, regulating, distributing, funding, and administering safe and effective vaccines for all people. Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan examines the extraordinarily complex vaccine enterprise, from research and development of new vaccines to financing and reimbursement of immunization services. Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan examines the extraordinarily complex vaccine enterprise, from research and development of new vaccines to financing and reimbursement of immunization services. The book makes recommendations about priority actions in the update to the National Vaccine Plan that are intended to achieve the objectives of disease prevention and enhancement of vaccine safety. It is centered on the plan's five goals in the areas of vaccine development, safety, communication, supply and use, and global health.

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368

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309146534

ISBN 13

9780309146531

The Anthrax Vaccine

Is It Safe? Does It Work?

By: Institute of Medicine,Medical Follow-up Agency,Committee to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of the Anthrax Vaccine

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The Anthrax Vaccine

Is It Safe? Does It Work?

By: Institute of Medicine,Medical Follow-up Agency,Committee to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of the Anthrax Vaccine

The vaccine used to protect humans against the anthrax disease, called Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA), was licensed in 1970. It was initially used to protect people who might be exposed to anthrax where they worked, such as veterinarians and textile plant workers who process animal hair. When the U. S. military began to administer the vaccine, then extended a plan for the mandatory vaccination of all U. S. service members, some raised concerns about the safety and efficacy of AVA and the manufacture of the vaccine. In response to these and other concerns, Congress directed the Department of Defense to support an independent examination of AVA. The Anthrax Vaccine: Is It Safe? Does It Work? reports the study's conclusion that the vaccine is acceptably safe and effective in protecting humans against anthrax. The book also includes a description of advances needed in main areas: improving the way the vaccine is now used, expanding surveillance efforts to detect side effects from its use, and developing a better vaccine.

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288

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309182743

ISBN 13

9780309182744

An Assessment of the CDC Anthrax Vaccine Safety and Efficacy Research Program

By: Institute of Medicine,Medical Follow-up Agency,Committee to Review the CDC Anthrax Vaccine Safety and Efficacy Research Program

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An Assessment of the CDC Anthrax Vaccine Safety and Efficacy Research Program

By: Institute of Medicine,Medical Follow-up Agency,Committee to Review the CDC Anthrax Vaccine Safety and Efficacy Research Program

In 1998, the Department of Defense (DoD) began a program of mandatory immunization against anthrax for all military personnel. As the program proceeded, however, some military personnel and their families raised concerns about the safety and efficacy of the anthrax vaccine. Acknowledging both the need to protect military personnel and the concerns about the anthrax vaccine, congress directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to carry out a research program on its safety and efficacy. To assist in the development of this program, CDC requested the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a committee to review the completeness and appropriateness of the research program. In An Assessment of the CDC Anthrax Vaccine Safety and Efficacy Research Program, the committee makes an overall assessment of the CDD research plan and reviews the specific studies proposed by CDC in the three areas of efficacy, safety and acceptability. The committee also notes additional research needs that became evident following the bioterrorist events of 2001 and makes recommendations about the leadership of the research program.

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179

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309086264

ISBN 13

9780309086264

Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Review of Priorities in the National Vaccine Plan

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Priorities for the National Vaccine Plan

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Review of Priorities in the National Vaccine Plan

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368

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309156203

ISBN 13

9780309156202

Protecting Our Forces

Improving Vaccine Acquisition and Availability in the U.S. Military

By: Institute of Medicine,Medical Follow-up Agency,Committee on a Strategy for Minimizing the Impact of Naturally Occurring Infectious Diseases of Military Importance: Vaccine Issues in the U.S. Military

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Protecting Our Forces

Improving Vaccine Acquisition and Availability in the U.S. Military

Infectious diseases continue to pose a substantial threat to the operational capacity of military forces. Protecting Our Forces reviews the process by which the U.S. military acquires vaccines to protect its warfighters from natural infectious disease threats. The committee found that poorly aligned acquisition processes and an inadequate commitment of financial resources within the Department of Defense vaccine acquisition process â€" rather than uncleared scientific or technological hurdles â€" contribute to the unavailability of some vaccines that could protect military personnel and, implicitly, the welfare and security of the nation. Protecting Our Forces outlines ways in which DoD might strengthen its acquisition process and improve vaccine availability. Recommendations, which include combining all DoD vaccine acquisition responsibilities under a single DoD authority, cover four broad aspects of the acquisition process: (1) organization, authority, and responsibility; (2) program and budget; (3)manufacturing; (4) and the regulatory status of special-use vaccines.

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159

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309084997

ISBN 13

9780309084994

Financing Vaccines in the 21st Century

Assuring Access and Availability

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on the Evaluation of Vaccine Purchase Financing in the United States

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Financing Vaccines in the 21st Century

Assuring Access and Availability

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on the Evaluation of Vaccine Purchase Financing in the United States

The national immunization system has achieved high levels of immunization, particularly for children. However, this system faces difficult challenges for the future. Significant disparities remain in assuring access to recommended vaccines across geographic and demographic populations. These disparities result, in part, from fragmented publicâ€"private financing in which a large number of children and adults face limited access to immunization services. Access for adults lags well behind that of children, and rates of immunizations for those who are especially vulnerable because of chronic health conditions such as diabetes or heart and lung disease, remain low. Financing Vaccines in the 21st Century: Assuring Access and Availability addresses these challenges by proposing new strategies for assuring access to vaccines and sustaining the supply of current and future vaccines. The book recommends changes to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)-the entity that currently recommends vaccines-and calls for a series of public meetings, a post-implementation evaluation study, and development of a research agenda to facilitate implementation of the plan.

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265

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309089794

ISBN 13

9780309089791

Framework for Equitable Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Equitable Allocation of Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus

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Framework for Equitable Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine

In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the societal disruption it has brought, national governments and the international community have invested billions of dollars and immense amounts of human resources to develop a safe and effective vaccine in an unprecedented time frame. Vaccination against this novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), offers the possibility of significantly reducing severe morbidity and mortality and transmission when deployed alongside other public health strategies and improved therapies. Health equity is intertwined with the impact of COVID-19 and there are certain populations that are at increased risk of severe illness or death from COVID-19. In the United States and worldwide, the pandemic is having a disproportionate impact on people who are already disadvantaged by virtue of their race and ethnicity, age, health status, residence, occupation, socioeconomic condition, or other contributing factors. Framework for Equitable Allocation of COVID-19 Vaccine offers an overarching framework for vaccine allocation to assist policy makers in the domestic and global health communities. Built on widely accepted foundational principles and recognizing the distinctive characteristics of COVID-19, this report's recommendations address the commitments needed to implement equitable allocation policies for COVID-19 vaccine.

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273

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

030968224X

ISBN 13

9780309682244

Initial Guidance for an Update of the National Vaccine Plan

A Letter Report to the National Vaccine Program Office

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Review of Priorities in the National Vaccine Plan

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Initial Guidance for an Update of the National Vaccine Plan

A Letter Report to the National Vaccine Program Office

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Review of Priorities in the National Vaccine Plan

This book is the Institute of Medicine's response to the first part of the statement of task asking for a review of the 1994 National Vaccine Plan. The Committee on the Review of Priorities in the National Vaccine Plan reviewed the goals, objectives, strategies, and anticipated outcomes presented in the plan; their findings are contained in this book. In the first section of the book, the committee examines what has changed in the broader social, policy, and economic context of vaccine development and immunization, and highlights several areas where noteworthy progress has been made, particularly by federal agencies. The committee acknowledges that progress in developing and delivering vaccines has benefited from essential contributions by other stakeholders, including researchers, manufacturers, state and local public health agencies, and health care providers. In the second section of the book, the committee uses what it learned from reviewing the 1994 plan and the process of preparing it to distill key elements. Based on these elements, the committee offers guidance to NVPO and its partners on developing the update to the national vaccine plan.

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National Academies Press

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ISBN 10

0309178762

ISBN 13

9780309178761

Vaccines for the 21st Century

A Tool for Decisionmaking

By: Committee to Study Priorities for Vaccine Development,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Institute of Medicine

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Vaccines for the 21st Century

A Tool for Decisionmaking

By: Committee to Study Priorities for Vaccine Development,Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Institute of Medicine

Vaccines have made it possible to eradicate the scourge of smallpox, promise the same for polio, and have profoundly reduced the threat posed by other diseases such as whooping cough, measles, and meningitis. What is next? There are many pathogens, autoimmune diseases, and cancers that may be promising targets for vaccine research and development. This volume provides an analytic framework and quantitative model for evaluating disease conditions that can be applied by those setting priorities for vaccine development over the coming decades. The committee describes an approach for comparing potential new vaccines based on their impact on morbidity and mortality and on the costs of both health care and vaccine development. The book examines: Lessons to be learned from the polio experience. Scientific advances that set the stage for new vaccines. Factors that affect how vaccines are used in the population. Value judgments and ethical questions raised by comparison of health needs and benefits. The committee provides a way to compare different forms of illness and set vaccine priorities without assigning a monetary value to lives. Their recommendations will be important to anyone involved in science policy and public health planning: policymakers, regulators, health care providers, vaccine manufacturers, and researchers.

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