It is a fundamental human impulse to seek restitution or retribution when a wrong is done, yet individuals and societies assess responsibility and allocate punishment for wrongdoing in different ways. This book investigates how average citizens in the United States and Japan think about and judge various kinds of wrongdoing, how they determine who is responsible when things go wrong, and how they prefer to punish offenders. Drawing on the results of surveys they conducted in Detroit, Michigan, and Yokohama and Kanazawa, Japan, the authors compare both individual and cultural reactions to wrongdoing. They find that decisions about justice are influenced by whether or not there seems to be a social relationship between the offender and victim: the American tendency is to see actors in isolation while the Japanese tendency is to see them in relation to others. The Japanese, who emphasize the importance of role obligations and social ties, mete out punishment with the goal of restoring the offender to the social network. Americans, who acknowledge fewer "ties that bind" and have firmer convictions that evil resides in individuals, punish wrongdoers by isolating them from the community. The authors explore the implications of "justice among friends" versus "justice towards strangers" as approaches to the righting of wrongs in modern society. Their findings will be of interest to students of social psychology, the sociology of law, and Japanese studies.
Sergeant William Calley's defense of his behavior in the My Lai massacre and the widespread public support for his argument that he was merely obeying orders from a superior and was not personally culpable led Herbert C. Kelman and V. Lee Hamilton to investigate the attitudes toward responsibility and authority that underlie "crimes of obedience"--not only in military circumstances like My Lai but as manifested in Watergate, the Iran-Contra scandal, and the Kurt Waldheim affair. Their book is an ardent plea for the right and obligation of citizens to resist illegal and immoral orders from above.
If there is a single challenge a person faces in every stage of life from birth to death, it is the necessity of coping with life's exigencies. These often include health problems, social stress, and perceived difficulties. The ability to deal with these issues defines an individual to a large extent and can accelerate or brake one's development in the multitude of mental and physical pathways intrinsic to life. Coping behaviours include talking out a problem, crying, laughing, relaxation, ignoring the problem, praying, looking for the positive aspects of a situation, assuming everything is terrible, taking medication, hoping a problem will go away, attacking the problem with willpower, cognitive therapy etc. This new book examines new research which will shed light on coping behaviours in a vast array of disease situations.
The Higgs boson is an undiscovered elementary particle, thought to be a vital piece of the closely fitting jigsaw of particle physics. Like all particles, it has wave properties akin to those ripples on the surface of a pond which has been disturbed; indeed, only when the ripples travel as a well defined group is it sensible to speak of a particle at all. In quantum language the analogue of the water surface which carries the waves is called a field. Each type of particle has its own corresponding field. The Higgs field is a particularly simple one -- it has the same properties viewed from every direction, and in important respects in indistinguishable from empty space. Thus physicists conceive of the Higgs field being "switched on", pervading all of space and endowing it with "grain" like that of a plank of wood. The direction of the grain in undetectable, and only becomes important once the Higgs' interactions with other particles are taken into account. for instance, particles call vector bosons can travel with the grain, in which case they move easily for large distances and may be observed as photons - that is, particles of light that we can see or record using a camera; or against, in which case their effective range is much shorter, and we call them W or Z particles. These play a central role in the physics of nuclear reactions, such as those occurring in the core of the sun. The Higgs field enables us to view these apparently unrelated phenomenon as two sides of the same coin; both may be described in terms of the properties of the same vector bosons. When particles of matter such as electrons or quarks (elementary constituents of protons and neutrons, which in turn constitute the atomic nucleus) travel through the grain, they are constantly flipped "head-over-heels". this forces them to move more slowly than their natural speed, that of light, by making them heavy.
Employing both large-scale surveys and in-depth interviews, the authors document the mental health effects on workers caused by the closure of four General Motor plants. They paint a portrait of how the social context in which these workers lived played a critical role in their experiences of unemployment or of keeping their jobs when others around them lost theirs. More than simply a study of unemployment and mental health, this book is also a story of coping and resilience.
Taking as its point of departure the three recurrent themes of nostalgia, memory and local histories, this book is an attempt to map out a new poetics - the 'post-nostalgic imagination' - in Hong Kong cinema in the first decade of Chinese rule.
Defeat the Streets is about a young manas struggle to find out who he truly is and his purpose for being alive. He battles his anger over not having a father, along with his shame and fear, by trying to hide by abusing drugs and women. The only reason he doesnat kill himself is because of the dream God keeps giving him to feed the multitudes, but he canat see how because of how low he has fallen.
Description: Five Years at Sea is a saga of a civilian's adventures on most of the oceans of the world and about forty countries while teaching college courses aboard U.S. Navy ships.
This is the history and guide of the events in the 1944 American Normandy campaign battlefields. 150 battlesites are described accompanied by 40 maps and aerial photos. The chapters are grouped per the operational objectives allowing the reader and/or tourist to comprehend and follow through and visit the action sites per each objective. The battlesites chronicle the background strategy, the story of the battle, pinpoints the location, identifies the American and German units involved, the awards, today's evidence etc. The period covered is from D-day, June 6th, to the closing battles of the Falaise Pocket, August 21st. The Index allows the reader to search for a specific interest, the route of a division, regiment or battalion, atrocities, relics, airfields, cemeteries, museums, etc. The book memorializes the actions of the men and women who died and the veterans who survived this 77 day colossus campaign on these hallowed grounds in a foreign land.
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