Sorbent Deformation discusses the theoretical and experimental study of the deformation of solid bodies during their ad- or absorptive interaction with gases or vapours. The book is the first monograph which deals with the problem of ad- and absorbent non-inertness, compiled from a 15-year study by the author on swelling or deformed ad- and absorptive systems. The results from the study are of practical and scientific value to engineers and scientists in the areas of physical chemistry, chemical engineering and environmental control. They could also be of interest to those looking to solve problems in such areas as forecasting, technological processing and fuel drying stimulation. · Provides novel, practical information on the behaviour of the systems used in environment control · Presents the derivation of the equation describing single- and multicomponent adsorption and absorption in swelling / deformed systems· Identifies the results of direct measurements on ad-and absorbent deformations (charcoals, clay minerals, organic cation substituted clay minerals, etc.) with a new high sensitivity method
Based on lectures given in the First Russian School-Seminar on electromagnetic soundings of the Earth held in Moscow on 15th November, 2003, this book acquaints scientists and technologists with the latest achievements in theory, techniques and practical applications of the methods of electromagnetic sounding. This three part text covers the methods considered for Earth electromagnetic sounding on a global, regional, and local scale; modern methods for solving forward and inverse problems of geoelectrics, particularily contemporary approaches to the EM data modeling and interpretation in the class of three-dimensional models; and the results of regional EM on-land and sea soundings * Presents theoretical and methodological findings, as well as examples of applications of recently developed algorithms and software in solving practical problems * Describes the practical importance of electromagnetic data through enabling discussions on a construction of a closed technological cycle, processing, analysis and three-dimensional interpretation* Updates current findings in the field, especially with MT, magnetovariational and seismo-electriccal methods and the practice of 3D interpretaions
Based on meticulous research in previously unavailable documents in the Soviet archives, this compelling book illuminates the secret inner mechanisms of power in the Soviet Union during the years when Stalin established his notorious dictatorship. Oleg V. Khlevniuk focuses on the top organ in Soviet Russia's political hierarchy of the 1930s--the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party--and on the political and interpersonal dynamics that weakened its collective leadership and enabled Stalin's rise. Khlevniuk's unparalleled research challenges existing theories of the workings of the Politburo and uncovers many new findings regarding the nature of alliances among Politburo members, Sergei Kirov's murder, the implementation of the Great Terror, and much more. The author analyzes Stalin's mechanisms of generating and retaining power and presents a new understanding, unmatched in texture and depth, of the highest tiers of the Communist Party in a crucial era of Soviet history.
Devoted to heteromagnetic microelectronics, this book is based on original material from the author’s programs of designing heteromagnetic microsystems of various types. It includes pioneering results of research on magnetoelectronics of millimetric waves.
DMG is an incredibly important nutrient that has far-reaching effects in the body from better cellular energy to strengthening the immune system. It is key to both the prevention and healing of disease. Building Wellness with DMG tells the amazing story of DMG and how this multi-functioning nutrient has the power to fight disease, ward off secondary infections, give you greater energy and stamina, improve sexual function, decrease epileptic seizures, and enhance brain function. Research suggests that because DMG boosts our cell’s most basic functions, it is a vital nutrient to take. The many benefits of DMG include: • Cardiovascular Disease-Decreases elevated triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Improves circulation, helps the body adapt to stress, decreases homocysteine levels, and promotes glutathione and SAMe synthesis. • Cancer-DMG has anti-tumor properties, modulates the immune system, and helps protect DNA. • Diabetes-DMG regulates sugar metabolism, helps the production of hormones like insulin, helps with cataract prevention, and acts as an antioxidant. • Immune System-Enhances the immune system by acting as an antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-fungal agent. • Athletic Performance-Increases oxygen utilization, decreases lactic acid formation, and makes energy production more efficient. • Other Conditions-Research also suggests that DMG is beneficial for autism, neurological disorders, circulatory insufficiencies, epilepsy, liver and kidney disorders, autoimmune disease, addictions, and respiratory disease.
This book covers the most important topics concerning cationic Ziegler-Natta and ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cycloolefins. The work describes the major pathways that cycloolefins can follow under the action of specific catalytic systems, essentially vinyl and ring-opening polymerization, both reaction types allowing the manufacture of distinct products with wide applicability in modern technologies. The comprehensive data available on this subject are logically and systematically selected and reviewed throughout 18 chapters, according to the basic catalytic processes involved, types of monomers and catalysts employed, reaction conditions and application fields. The modern trends in design of chiral metallocene catalysts, well-defined living metathesis catalysts, catalysts tolerant toward functionalities and water systems are highlighted. The book discusses in detail the relevant aspects of these processes including reaction thermodynamics, kinetics, mechanisms and stereochemistry and correlates the structure of produced polymers with their chemical and physical-mechanical properties. Related important topics include Ziegler-Natta polymerization of olefins and dienes, atom transfer radical polymerization of vinyl compounds, metathesis of olefins and acetylenes, acyclic diene metathesis reaction, carbonyl olefination reaction, metathesis polymerization of acetylenes, metathesis degradation of polymers and ring-opening polymerization of heterocycles. Special emphasis is laid upon the manufacture of commerical products, new polymers and copolymers of potential interest for industry and design and synthesis of speciality polymers with particular structures and architectures and desired properties. The book critically evaluates the most recent achievements reported in this field and outlines the modern trends on the research and application of the catalytic processes for cycloolefin polymerization. For the first time, comprehensive information about the published data on the subject up to now is provided for both academic and industrial researchers working in the areas of polymer chemistry, organic and organometallic chemistry, surface science and catalysis, petrochemistry and chemical engineering. This stimulating book offers an enlightening introduction and a quick documentation on the subject as well as a solid background in this field. Moreover, the work offers a wealth of useful information for specialists applying polymers in various scientific and industrial areas.
A guide that examines the history and current state of 2.5D printing and explores the relationship between two and three dimensions 2.5D Printing: Bridging the Gap Between 2D and 3D Applications examines the relationship between two- and three-dimensional printing and explores the current ideas, methods, and applications. It provides insights about the diversity of our material culture and heritage and how this knowledge can be used to design and develop new methods for texture printing. The authors review the evolving research and interest in working towards developing methods to: capture, measure and model the surface qualities of 3D and 2D objects, represent the appearance of surface, material and textural qualities, and print or reproduce the material and textural qualities. The text reflects information on the topic from a broad range of fields including science, technology, art, design, conservation, perception, and computer modelling. 2.5D Printing: Bridging the Gap Between 2D and 3D Applications provides a survey of traditional methods of capturing 2.5D through painting and sculpture, and how the human perception is able to judge and compare differences. This important text: Bridges the gap between the technical and perceptual domains of 2D and 3D printing Discusses perceptual texture, color, illusion, and visual impact to offer a unique perspective Explores how to print a convincing rendering of texture that integrates the synthesis of texture in fine art paintings, with digital deposition printing Describes contemporary methods for capturing surface qualities and methods for modelling and measuring, and ways that it is currently being used Considers the impact of 2.5D for future technologies 2.5D Printing is a hands-on guide that provides visual inspiration, comparisons between traditional and digital technologies, case studies, and a wealth of references to the world of texture printing. Please visit the companion website at: www.wiley.com/go/bridging2d3d
This book treats a new, far-from-fully-developed area of molecular biophysics-enzyme physics. An attempt is made to survey this field, but primary consideration is given tothreeprob lems under investigation in the Polymer Structure Labaratory of the Institue of High-Molecular Compounds, Academy of Seiences ofthe USSR. The first problern is the genetic coding of the biologically fun.ctional structure of proteins. Its solution is based on physical theories of hydrophobic interactions. The second problern is the conformational properties of pro teins as the factor governing enzyme activity. The most direct methods for experimental investigation of questions in this area are optical, principally those involving natural and magnetic rota tion of the plane of polarization. A substantial portion of the book concerns optical activity; the Faraday effect is discussed in an appendix. The third problern is the manifestation of the cooperative properties of enzymes in the kinetics of enzymatic reactions and the solution of complex kinetic problems. This problern is espe cially pressing in connection with research on allosteric enzymes, which are responsible for feedback in metabolic processes. An appendix describes a new method for solving kinetic problems, based on the theory of graphs. This volume extends and details certain of the ideas ex pressed in my previous book, Molecules and Life: An Introduction to Molecular Biophysics, which was published in this series in 1965.
Covering numerous practical applications as yet not covered in any single source of information, this monograph discusses the importance of viscous and elastic properties for applications in both display and non-display technologies. The very well-known authors are major players in this field of research and pay special attention here to the use of liquid crystals in fiber optic devices as applied in telecommunication circuits.
In his introduction, Alexander Obolonsky notes that Russian history and life are full of paradoxes, most of them rather sad. Why, he asks, have the Russians, who have not only been endowed by nature with enormous natural, human, and intellectual resources, but who have also developed a great literary and scientific heritage and made significant contributions to world civilization, proved unable to arrange the conditions of their own existence to realize their great potential? “What fundamental deficiency,” he wonders, “made this great anomaly possible?”Alexander Obolonsky has undertaken the formidable task of reinterpreting Russian history from the Time of Troubles and the reign of Ivan the Terrible to perestroika, glasnost, and the dismantling of the Soviet system under Gorbachev and Yeltsin. He seeks to understand the present and assess the social trends that will shape the future through a careful reconsideration of Russia’s past.In his sweeping analyses of historical trends, Obolonsky structures his analytic narrative around two opposed concepts–a system-centered understanding of social existence in which individuals are viewed as “cogs” functioning for the sake of the whole, and a liberal person-centered paradigm in which society seeks to promote the development of the individual.Obolonsky distrusts all monistic explanations, from Marxism and geopolitics to scientific and technological models. He prefers to utilize a variety of variables—ethical, economic, sociopsychological, cultural—to explain Russian history, presenting its course as a long-term and ongoing struggle between two competing models of life. Oblolonsky is neither a determinist nor a romantic. In his thought-provoking and historically grounded analysis, he challenges standard interpretations regarding Russia, the USSR, the role of political leaders, and the Russian people. Far from satisfied with Russia’s past, Obolonsky worries that Russia’s future will be tainted by the persistence of an anti-individualist mentality and attitudes shaped by centuries of autocratic rule and by a conservative mass consciousness rooted in Russian experience.Students of Russian history, politics, and culture, and also those interested in the broader issues of twentieth-century society will find this informative magnum opus of a senior Russian scholar insightful and thought-provoking.
This book presents the physical characteristics and possible device applications of europium monoxide as well as materials based on it. It reveals the suitability of this material for device applications in super- and semiconductor spin electronics. Ferromagnetic semiconductors like europium monoxide have contributed to a fascinating research field in condensed matter physics. In the book are presented the electronic and magnetic properties and thermal and resonance parameters of this material, its peculiarities in external fields as a function of non-stoichiometry, doping level, both in single-crystal and thin-film states. Particular attention is paid to the possibility to use this monoxide or its solid solutions (composites) unconventionally for creating spin electronics structures which work at room temperature conditions. This book appeals to researchers, graduate students and professionals engaged in the development of semiconductor spin electronics and computer devices, technologists and theoretical physicists. It is important for the calculation, development and creation of spin memory devices for a quantum computer.
Spatial dispersion, namely, the dependence of the dielectric-constant tensor on the wave vector (i.e., on the wavelength) at a fixed frequency, is receiving increased attention in electrodynamics and condensed-matter optics, partic ularly in crystal optics. In contrast to frequency dispersion, namely, the frequency dependence of the dielectric constant, spatial dispersion is of interest in optics mainly when it leads to qualitatively new phenomena. One such phenomenon has been weH known for many years; it is the natural optical activity (gyrotropy). But there are other interesting effects due to spatial dispersion, namely, new normal waves near absorption lines, optical anisotropy of cubic crystals, and many others. Crystal optics that takes spatial dispersion into account includes classical crystal optics with frequency dispersion only, as a special case. In our opinion, this fact alone justifies efforts to develop crystal optics with spatial dispersion taken into account, although admittedly its influence is smaH in some cases and it is observable only under rather special conditions. Furthermore, spatial dispersion in crystal optics deserves attention from another point as well, namely, the investigation of excitons that can be excited by light. We contend that crystal optics with spatial dispersion and the theory of excitons are fields that overlap to a great extent, and that it is sometimes quite impossible to separate them. It is our aim to show the true interplay be tween these interrelations and to combine the macroscopic and microscopic approaches to crystal optics with spatial dispersion and exciton theory.
This book describes the processes of optical information recording in photorefractive crystals and applications of these materials in phase-conjugating devices, holographic interferometry, optical computers and sensors. It is in essence an extensive introduction to this new and rapidly developing area of quantum electronics. It presents physical concepts, fundamentals of theory, and important experimental data. A rigorous treatment of basic phenomena is accompanied by a quantitative analysis, which makes the book interesting to experts and accessible for newcomers to the field. Of particular interest to researchers is an extensive summary of basic physical and holographic parameters of all presently known photorefractive crystals and structures and also a detailed critical analysis of their applications.
This book examines modern methods of creating models and measures in measurements, physical and probabilistic measures, models, spaces and bases of signals and fields, deterministic and probabilistic models and measures of angular quantities. Examples of their use on a circle and in phase measurements are given; models and measures for diagnostics in the electric power industry, in standardless measurements of the characteristics of composite materials, in environmental pollution monitoring systems, also with using unmanned aerial vehicles, are considered. Most of the presented results were obtained on the basis of the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The book is intended for researchers, engineers, as well as lecturers, graduate students and students of higher educational institutions dealing with the problems of measurements, monitoring and diagnostics of complex technical objects.
Metal-semiconductor nanostructures represent an important new class of materials employed in designing advanced optoelectronic and nanophotonic devices, such as plasmonic nanolasers, plasmon-enhanced light-emitting diodes and solar cells, plasmonic emitters of single photons, and quantum devices operating in infrared and terahertz domains. The combination of surface plasmon resonances in conducting structures, providing strong concentration of an electromagnetic optical field nearby, with sharp optical resonances in semiconductors, which are highly sensitive to external electromagnetic fields, creates a platform to control light on the nanoscale. The design of the composite metal-semiconductor system imposes the consideration of both the plasmonic resonances in metal and the optical transitions in semiconductors - a key issue being their resonant interaction providing a coupling regime. In this book the reader will find descriptions of electrodynamics of conducting structures, quantum physics of semiconductor nanostructures, and guidelines for advanced engineering of metal-semiconductor composites. These constituents form together the physical basics of the metal-semiconductor plasmonics, underlying many effective practical applications. The list of covered topics also includes the review of recent results, such as the achievement of a strong coupling regime, and the preservation of non-classical statistics of photons in plasmonic cavities combined with semiconductor nanostructures.
The objective of this two-volume book is the systematic and comprehensive description of the most competitive time-domain computational methods for the efficient modeling and accurate solution of modern real-world EMC problems. Intended to be self-contained, it performs a detailed presentation of all well-known algorithms, elucidating on their merits or weaknesses, and accompanies the theoretical content with a variety of applications. Outlining the present volume, numerical investigations delve into printed circuit boards, monolithic microwave integrated circuits, radio frequency microelectromechanical systems as well as to the critical issues of electromagnetic interference, immunity, shielding, and signal integrity. Biomedical problems and EMC test facility characterizations are also thoroughly covered by means of diverse time-domain models and accurate implementations. Furthermore, the analysis covers the case of large-scale applications and electrostatic discharge problems, while special attention is drawn to the impact of contemporary materials in the EMC world, such as double negative metamaterials, bi-isotropic media, and several others. Table of Contents: Introduction / Printed Circuit Boards in EMC Structures / Electromagnetic Interference, Immunity, Shielding, and Signal Integrity / Bioelectromagnetic Problems: Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields / Time-Domain Characterization of EMC Test Facilities / Large-Scale EMC and Electrostatic Discharge Problems / Contemporary Material Modeling in EMC Applications
This book presents both the fundamentals concepts and latest achievements of a field that is growing in importance since it represents a possible solution for global energy problems. It focuses on an atomic-level understanding of heterogeneous catalysis involved in important energy conversion processes. It presents a concise picture for the entire area of heterogeneous catalysis with vision at the atomic- and nano- scales, from synthesis, ex-situ and in-situ characterization, catalytic activity and selectivity, to mechanistic understanding based on experimental exploration and theoretical simulation. The book: Addresses heterogeneous catalysis, one of the crucial technologies employed within the chemical and energy industries Presents the recent advances in the synthesis and characterization of nanocatalysts as well as a mechanistic understanding of catalysis at atomic level for important processes of energy conversion Provides a foundation for the potential design of revolutionarily new technical catalysts and thus the further development of efficient technologies for the global energy economy Includes both theoretical studies and experimental exploration Is useful as both a textbook for graduate and undergraduate students and a reference book for scientists and engineers in chemistry, materials science, and chemical engineering
Well-structured and adopting a pedagogical approach, this self-contained monograph covers the fundamentals of scanning probe microscopy, showing how to use the techniques for investigating physical and chemical properties on the nanoscale and how they can be used for a wide range of soft materials. It concludes with a section on the latest techniques in nanomanipulation and patterning. This first book to focus on the applications is a must-have for both newcomers and established researchers using scanning probe microscopy in soft matter research. From the contents: * Atomic Force Microscopy and Other Advanced Imaging Modes * Probing of Mechanical, Thermal Chemical and Electrical Properties * Amorphous, Poorly Ordered and Organized Polymeric Materials * Langmuir-Blodgett and Layer-by-Layer Structures * Multi-Component Polymer Systems and Fibers * Colloids and Microcapsules * Biomaterials and Biological Structures * Nanolithography with Intrusive AFM Tipand Dip-Pen Nanolithography * Microcantilever-Based Sensors
Bioinformatics offers novel tools and resources to analyze plant genomes and genes. The complete genomes of two important commercial palms (dates and oil palm) have recently been sequenced. This offers scope for many computational tools to decipher the synteny, collinearity and common and unique genes of palms. This book reviews the latest developments in this field. Includes the latest information on the molecular breeding and bioinformatics of palms Covers past and current work and future opportunities Written in simple language avoiding technical jargon
The book contains impressive results obtained in the XX-th century and discussion of next challenges of the XXI-st century in understanding of the nanoworld. The main sections of the book are: (1) Physics of Nanostructures, (2) Chemistry of Nanostructures, (3) Nanotechnology, (4) nanostructure Based Devices. Contents: Physics of Nanostructures: Polarons in Quantum Wells (A I Bibik et al.); Screening of Extra Point Charge in a Few Particle Coulomb System (N A Poklonski et al.); Electric Field Effect on Absorption Spectra of an Ensemble of Close-Packed CdSe Nanocrystals (L I Gurinovich et al.); Influence of Surface Phases on Electrical Conductivity of Silicon Surface (D A Tsukanov et al.); Chemistry of Nanostructures: Formation of Ultradisperse Bimetallic Particles by Redox Processes in Aqueous Solutions (Yu A Fedutik et al.); Fast Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Nanochemistry and Nanophysics (G A Ragoisha & A S Bondarenko); Features of Luminescent Semiconductor Nanowire Array Formation by Electrodeposition into Porous Alumina (S A Gavrilov et al.); Nanotechnology: Massively Parallel Atomic Lines on Silicon Carbide (P Soukiassian); Advancing Magnetic Force Microscopy (I Fedorov et al.); Porous Silicon as a Material for Enhancement of Electron Field Emission (A A Evtukh et al.); Nanostructure Based Devices: A New Multipeak Resonant Tunneling Diode for Signal Processing Application (A N Kholod et al.); Long Term Charge Relaxation in Silicon Single Electron Transistors (A Savin et al.); Resonant Tunneling Through an Array of Quantum Dots Coupled to Superconductors Under the Effect of Magnetic Field (A N Mina); and other papers. Readership: Undergraduates, PhD students and researchers in nanotechnology.
Lankina traces the origins of Russia's inequalities over the past two centuries from the Tsarist institution of estates, through communism, to the present day.
The monographic book addresses the basics of the charge carrier photoemission from one solid to another - the internal photoemission, (IPE) - and different spectroscopic applications of this phenomenon to solid state heterojunctions. This is the first book in the field of IPE, which complements the conventional external photoemission spectroscopy by analysing interfaces separated from the sample surface by a layer of a different solid or liquid. IPE is providing the most straightforward and, therefore, reliable information regarding the energy spectrum of electron states at interfaces. At the same time, the method provides the unique capability of analysing the heterostructures relevant to the modern micro- and nano-electronic devices as well as new materials involved in their design and fabrication. In addition to the discussion of fundamental physical and technical aspects of IPE spectroscopic applications, several “hot topics are addressed. These include development of new insulating materials for advances Si MOS technology (both high-k gate insulators and low-k dielectrics for interconnect insulation), metal gate materials, development of heterostructures based on high-mobility semiconductors, etc. Thanks to a considerable activity in this field over the last few years, the recent results concerning band structure of most important interfaces involving novel materials can now be documented. - First complete description of the internal photoemission phenomena - A practical guide to internal photoemission measurements - Describes reliable energy barrier determination procedures - Surveys trap spectroscopy methods applicable to thin insulating layers - Provides an overview of the most recent results on band structure of high-permittivity insulating materials and their interfaces - Contains a complete collection of reference data on interface band alignment for wide-bandgap insulating materials in contact with metals and semiconductors
This volume contains the invited contributions that were presented at the Predeal International Summer School in Nuclear Physics 2006. It covers the recent achievements in the fields of nuclear structure, double beta decay, nuclear multifragmentation, kaon and dilepton production in heavy ion collisions, and the quark-gluon plasma. The treatment is both theoretical and experimental, with emphasis on the collective aspects and related phase transitions. The papers are authored by many leading researchers in the field.
Make optimal use of fundus autofluorescence in your practice! Fundus Autofluorescence, by esteemed authorities Noemi Lois and John V. Forrester, explains everything you need to know about fundus autofluorescence (AF), from the basics of this powerful ocular imaging modality to the latest diagnostic and prognostic applications. A “who’s who” of leading experts provide the up-to-date, clinically focused guidance you need to effectively evaluate a full range of posterior segment disorders. Master the latest AF techniques and applications with 35 brand-new chapters exploring vascular retinal diseases, posterior uveitis, intraocular tumors, and much more, plus comprehensive updates and enhancements throughout. Learn about the newest autofluorescence technologies, including wide-angle fundus autofluorescence, near-infrared autofluorescence and quantitative autofluorescence. Accurately diagnose posterior segment conditions. Get clear explanations of the science behind the synthesis and degradation of lipofuscin, the techniques available to image and quantify AF, the normal distribution of AF, and alterations occurring in a variety of posterior segment diseases. See plentiful examples of AF findings in each chapter, with clear explanations of the value of this imaging technique in the evaluation of patients and understanding of the pathogenesis of each condition depicted.
The standard (Markovian) transport model based on the Boltzmann equation cannot describe some non-equilibrium processes called anomalous that take place in many disordered solids. Causes of anomality lie in non-uniformly scaled (fractal) spatial heterogeneities, in which particle trajectories take cluster form. Furthermore, particles can be located in some domains of small sizes (traps) for a long time. Estimations show that path length and waiting time distributions are often characterized by heavy tails of the power law type. This behavior allows the introduction of time and space derivatives of fractional orders. Distinction of path length distribution from exponential is interpreted as a consequence of media fractality, and analogous property of waiting time distribution as a presence of memory.In this book, a novel approach using equations with derivatives of fractional orders is applied to describe anomalous transport and relaxation in disordered semiconductors, dielectrics and quantum dot systems. A relationship between the self-similarity of transport, the Levy stable limiting distributions and the kinetic equations with fractional derivatives is established. It is shown that unlike the well-known Scher-Montroll and Arkhipov-Rudenko models, which are in a sense alternatives to the normal transport model, fractional differential equations provide a unified mathematical framework for describing normal and dispersive transport. The fractional differential formalism allows the equations of bipolar transport to be written down and transport in distributed dispersion systems to be described. The relationship between fractional transport equations and the generalized limit theorem reveals the probabilistic aspects of the phenomenon in which a dispersive to Gaussian transport transition occurs in a time-of-flight experiment as the applied voltage is decreased and/or the sample thickness increased. Recent experiments devoted to studies of transport in quantum dot arrays are discussed in the framework of dispersive transport models. The memory phenomena in systems under consideration are discussed in the analysis of fractional equations.It is shown that the approach based on the anomalous transport models and the fractional kinetic equations may be very useful in some problems that involve nano-sized systems. These are photon counting statistics of blinking single quantum dot fluorescence, relaxation of current in colloidal quantum dot arrays, and some others.
This book takes a broad and eclectic view of the water that all humanity depends upon, probing its role in human life and in the history of our planet, as well as surveying the latest scientific understanding of purification techniques and standards for the protection of water quality. The volume opens with a chapter on the role of drinking water in human life, which discusses the planet’s water resources, the quality of drinking water, water and health, the advent of water quality standards, “Green” chemistry and more. The chapter concludes by discussing the relationship of the biosphere and human civilization. Chapter Two explores the unique properties of water, the role of water in the scenario of development on Earth. Also covered is the current understanding of the importance of the isotopic composition of water, in particular the ratio of protium to deuterium, which is fundamental to life. The third chapter is devoted to Water Clusters, examining the structure, properties and formation of clusters. Also covered here is theoretical research on the interaction of water clusters with ozone, the impact of temperature on water clusters and more. Chapter Four is devoted to drinking water and factors affecting its quality. Discussion includes ecological and hygienic classification of centralized drinking water supply sources, water quality requirements, and problems and potentialities of drinking water preparation. The author introduces a new concept for supplying the population with high-quality drinking water. The fifth chapter examines the peculiarities and problems of water decontamination, with sections on chlorination, ozonation, the bactericidal effects of ultrasound and ultraviolet rays and more. Chapter Six offers a thorough exploration of the theory, means and methods of bio testing as an evaluation method for the quality of drinking water. The final chapter discusses new state standards for drinking water, as well as requirements and methods of quality control. The concluding selection relates the urgent need to measure, evaluate and protect the quality of drinking water and describes a new state standard of drinking water quality.
Experimental and theoretical aspects of crystal growth and its applications, e.g. in devices, are within the scope of these new books . Experimental and theoretical contributions are included in the following fields: theory of nucleation and growth, molecular kinetics and transport phenomena, crystallisation in viscous media such as polymers and glasses; crystal growth of metals, minerals, semiconductors, superconductors, magnetics, inorganic, organic and biological substances in bulk or as thin films; molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapour deposition, growth of III-V and II-VI and other semiconductors; characterisation of single crystals by physical and chemical methods; apparatus, instrumentation and techniques for crystal growth, and purification methods; multi-layer heterostructures and their characterisation with an emphasis on crystal growth and epitaxial aspects of electronic materials.
The culmination of a ten-year study, Bivalve Seashells of Western North America treats all bivalve mollusks living from northern Baja California, Mexico to Arctic Alaska. A total of 472 species are described and illustrated with detailed photographs and drawings. All habitats in the region are included from the intertidal splash zone to the abyssal depths of the ocean basins. The book has over 4,800 complete bibliographic references to the bivalves, including citations on the biology, physiology, ecology, and taxonomy of this commercially and biologically important group. Character tables and dichotomous keys assist the reader in identification. Also included in the 764 page book is an illustrated key to the superfamiles of the region, and a complete glossary.
Book & CD. Humans have probably always strived to understand the world around them. And the heavens have drawn rapt attention- - perhaps because they seem so close but aren't. Understanding of the physical and chemical properties, origin, and evolution of the celestial bodies has been propelled forward by the startling advances in space science, computers and miniaturisation. Astrophysics can claim to be one of the most exciting fields in science in terms of leaps forward. This book brings together leading research from around the world on astrophysics, neutron stars and galaxy clusters.
Focusing on complex naturally-occurring and synthetic supramolecular arrays, this work describes the mechanism by which transition metal complexes bind to DNA and how the DNA scaffold modifies the photochemical and photophysical properties to bound complexes. It includes details of photoinduced electron transfer between intercalated molecules, and examines thermally and photochemically induced electron transfer in supramolecular assemblies consisting of inorganic molecular building blocks.
Since 1984, the year of the publication of its first edition, the famous “Blue Guide” has been the international reference for paediatricians and neuropaediatricians with regard to epileptic syndromes in infants, children and adolescents. This 6th edition reviews some of the most noteworthy developments in the field, particularly in epileptic syndromes, but also focuses on the genetic aspects of the syndromes and their development. Progress brought about by advances in neuroimaging is also discussed in addition to specific etiologies such as parasitic diseases and immune and autoimmune diseases. The different backgrounds of the contributors - coordinators and authors – ensure that the book’s longstanding reputation for objectivity and seriousness, built over almost 35 years, remain well-deserved. This book written by the current leading specialists is recognized worldwide as the international reference in epilepsy.
A group of authors from the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute in St Petersburg, Russia, have all achieved individual doctoral theses on various aspects of Arctic and Antarctic research. This book is written by experienced group of researchers and authors.
The demands of production, such as thin films in microelectronics, rely on consideration of factors influencing the interaction of dissimilar materials that make contact with their surfaces. Bond formation between surface layers of dissimilar condensed solids-termed adhesion-depends on the nature of the contacting bodies. Thus, it is necessary to d
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