The question of when, and under what circumstances, the practice of torture might be justified has received a great deal of attention in the last decade in both academia and in the popular media. Many of these discussions are, however, one-sided with other perspectives either ignored or quickly dismissed with minimal argument. In On the Ethics of Torture, Uwe Steinhoff provides a complete account of the philosophical debate surrounding this highly contentious subject. Steinhoff s position is that torture is sometimes, under certain narrowly circumscribed conditions, justified, basing his argument on the right to self-defense. His position differs from that of other authors who, using other philosophical justifications, would permit torture under a wider set of conditions. After having given the reader a thorough account of the main arguments for permitting torture under certain circumstances, Steinhoff explains and addresses the many objections that have been raised to employing torture under any circumstances. This is an indispensible work for anyone interested in one of the most controversial subjects of our times.
This book provides a thorough critical overview of the current debate on the ethics of war, as well as a modern just war theory that can give practical action-guidance by recognizing and explaining the moral force of widely accepted law. Traditionalist, Walzerian, and "revisionist" approaches have dominated contemporary debates about the classical jus ad bellum and jus in bello requirements in just war theory. In this book, Uwe Steinhoff corrects widely spread misinterpretations of these competing views and spells out the implications for the ethics of war. His approach is unique in that it complements the usual analysis in terms of self-defense with an emphasis on the importance of other justifications that are often lumped together under the heading of "lesser evil." It also draws on criminal law and legal scholarship, which has been largely ignored by just war theorists. Ultimately, Steinhoff rejects arguments in favor of "moral fundamentalism"— the view that the laws and customs of war must simply follow an immutable morality. In contrast, he argues that widely accepted laws and conventions of war are partly constitutive of the moral rules that apply in a conflict. The Ethics of War and the Force of Law will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in just war theory, applied ethics, political philosophy, political theory, philosophy of law, and criminal and military law.
This book offers a philosophical analysis of the moral and legal justifications for the use of force. While the book focuses on the ethics self-defense, it also explores its relation to lesser evil justifications, public authority, the justification of punishment, and the ethics of war. Steinhoff’s account of the moral use of force covers a wide range of topics, including the nature of justification in general, the precise elements of different justifications, the logic of claim- and liberty-rights and of rights forfeiture, the value of human life and its limits, and the principles of reciprocity and precaution. While the author’s analysis is primarily philosophical, it is informed by a metaethical stance that also places heavy emphasis on existing law and legal scholarship. In doing so, the book appeals to widely shared moral intuitions, precepts, and concepts grounded in criminal law. Self-Defense, Necessity, and Punishment offers the most comprehensive and systematic account of the ethics of self-defense. It will be of interest to scholars and graduate students working in applied ethics and moral philosophy, philosophy of law, and political philosophy.
This practice-oriented book explores a variety of cross-project topics and specific aspects of different project phases. It also offers tips, examples, templates and checklists, and discusses concrete problems and solutions from project practice in IT and the automotive industry. The authors combine their extensive practical experience in years of project work with relevant project-management theory. Each chapter begins with a list of the learning objectives and concludes with a summary of the insights provided. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable resource for: Beginners wishing to acquire basic project management skills Participants in more advanced project management training who are looking for instructional material Project management experts who want to learn about further aspects, and to employ templates and checklists for even more successful projects
PDQ Physiology offers a concise, up-to-date summary of human physiology. It is an ideal resource for the more advanced physiology specialist and health professional requiring a quick view or review. Its perspective is one of integration while incorporating the current understanding in molecular and cellular physiology and offering up-to-date explanations of physiological phenomena. The reader will greatly benefit from the coverage of topics not found in most comprehensive physiology books. PDQ Physiology is more focused on significant points; more current in cardiac, renal, and muscle functions; and is more descriptive in sexuality, reproduction and birth.
The only dictionary of its kind, Dictionary of Engineering Materials contains more than 25,000 generic, trade-named, and trademarked engineering materials, all alphabetically arranged and complete with full explanations.
A detailed introduction to interdisciplinary application area of distributed systems, namely the computer support of individuals trying to solve a problem in cooperation with each other but not necessarily having identical work places or working times. The book is addressed to students of distributed systems, communications, information science and socio-organizational theory, as well as to users and developers of systems with group communication and cooperation as top priorities.
This book argues that citizens have a moral right to decide by which criteria they grant migrants citizenship, as well as to control access to their territory in the first place. In developing and defending this argument, it critically engages numerous objections, thus providing the reader with a thorough overview of the current debate on the ethics of immigration and exclusion. The author’s argument is based on a straightforwardly individualist and liberal starting point. One of the rights granted by liberalism is freedom of association, which also comprises the right not to associate with people with whom one does not want to associate. While this is an individual right, it can be exercised collectively like many other individual rights. Thus, people can decide to collectively organize into an association pursuing certain goals; and subject to certain provisos, this gives rise to legitimate claims to space and territory in which they pursue these goals. The author shows that this right is far-reaching and robust, which entails an equally far-reaching and robust right to exclude. Moreover, he demonstrates that large-scale immigration from illiberal cultures tends to severely compromise the way of life, the values, and the institutions of liberal democracies in ways routinely ignored by apologists for multiculturalism. Freedom, Culture, and the Right to Exclude will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in applied ethics, political philosophy, political theory, and law.
Theorizing about brain functions is often considered slightly disreputable and anyhow a waste of time -perhaps even 'philoso- ical'" 1 P. S. CHURCHLAND At present there are no unanimously accepted general con cepts of brain operation and function. This is especially the case with regard to so-called "higher" functions such as per ception, memory or the coupling between sensory input and motor output. There are a number of different reasons for this. Some may be related to experimental limitations allowing the simultaneous recording of the activities of only a restricted number of neurones. But there are also conceptual difficulties hindering the transition from "single-neurone" schemes, in which neurones are assigned relatively specific tasks (such as feature detection), to more complex schemes of nerve cell as semblies (for a discussion of some of the difficulties see Abeles 1982; von der Malsburg 1981; Kriiger 1983). Whilst much is known about the basic properties and functions of single neu rones, whose operations we hope to understand in the foresee able future, this does not hold true in the same way for the working of large assemblies of neurones.
This manual provides an overview of the techniques used in modern neuroscience research. The emphasis is on showing how different techniques can optimally be combined in the study of problems that arise at some levels of nervous system organization. It is a working tool for the scientist in the laboratory and clinic, providing detailed step-by-step protocols with tips and recommendations. Most chapters or protocols are organized such that they can be used independently of one another. Cross-references between the chapters, a glossary, a list of suppliers and appendices provide further help.
An increase in the number of fishers as a result of population growth and migration to coastal fishing communities can be a contributing factor in the overexploitation of fisheries resources and the deterioration of the coastal envrionment. The findings of the development dynamics of rural fishing communities "suggest that contrary to the assumed global trend, the number of coastal fishers has started to decline or stagnate in recent years in some developing countries. The findings further suggest that artisanal fisheries no longer are a "last resort employment" for people in some coastal areas.
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