Dependence Analysis may be considered to be the second edition of the author's 1988 book, Dependence Analysis for Supercomputing. It is, however, a completely new work that subsumes the material of the 1988 publication. This book is the third volume in the series Loop Transformations for Restructuring Compilers. This series has been designed to provide a complete mathematical theory of transformations that can be used to automatically change a sequential program containing FORTRAN-like do loops into an equivalent parallel form. In Dependence Analysis, the author extends the model to a program consisting of do loops and assignment statements, where the loops need not be sequentially nested and are allowed to have arbitrary strides. In the context of such a program, the author studies, in detail, dependence between statements of the program caused by program variables that are elements of arrays. Dependence Analysis is directed toward graduate and undergraduate students, and professional writers of restructuring compilers. The prerequisite for the book consists of some knowledge of programming languages, and familiarity with calculus and graph theory. No knowledge of linear programming is required.
On August 11, 1979, after a week of extraordinary monsoon rains in the Indian state of Gujarat, the two mile-long Machhu Dam-II disintegrated. The waters released from the dam’s massive reservoir rushed through the heavily populated downstream area, devastating the industrial city of Morbi and its surrounding agricultural villages. As the torrent’s thirty-foot-tall leading edge cut its way through the Machhu River valley, massive bridges gave way, factories crumbled, and thousands of houses collapsed. While no firm figure has ever been set on the disaster’s final death count, estimates in the flood’s wake ran as high as 25,000. Despite the enormous scale of the devastation, few people today have ever heard of this terrible event. This book tells, for the first time, the suspenseful and multifaceted story of the Machhu dam disaster. Based on over 130 interviews and extensive archival research, the authors recount the disaster and its aftermath in vivid firsthand detail. The book presents important findings culled from formerly classified government documents that reveal the long-hidden failures that culminated in one of the deadliest floods in history. The authors follow characters whose lives were interrupted and forever altered by the flood; provide vivid first-hand descriptions of the disaster and its aftermath; and shed light on the never-completed judicial investigation into the dam’s collapse.
Puppetry Originated In India And Travelled Across The Seven Seas To The Eastern And Western World As Vouched By Many Scholars. Puppets Dated Back To A Period Well Before Bharata S Natya Shastra And Have Continued Unabated Throughout The Centuries In Almost All Indian States. Puppetry Is One Enduring Form, Which Has Entertained Masses And Educated People. The Famous Puppeteers Of Rajasthan Are Really Acrobats, Who Only Put On Puppet Shows When They Move Out Of Villages. These And A Thousand Other Scintillating Facts Come Out Of This Exciting Book For The Reader S Entertainment And Elucidation. Puppets Are By No Means For Only Children, -- As The Puppeteers Of Orissa Sing And Dance About The Romantic Love Of Radha And Krishna, And Keralan Puppets Narrate Kathakali Stories In The Same Make-Up And Costumes.The Book Aims At Giving A Connected Account Of The Indian Puppets: Their Variety, Their Multiple Functions, Their Craft, Their Animation And Their Connections With Other Related Arts In Five Separate Parts. The Book Also Contains For The First Time In Any Book On Puppetry -- Four Important Appendices: Museums In India Containing Puppets, Directory Of Indian Puppeteers, Global Bibliography On Puppets And A Relevant Glossary. The World Of Indian Puppets Is Seen In Vivid Colours With Scores Of Coloured Photographs And Many Line-Drawings And Half-Tone Pictures --- In Their Many-Sided Splendour: Variety Of The Glove, Rod, String, Shadow, And Human Puppets And A Myriad Background Stories Of The Puppet-Masters And Their Imaginative Landscape Of Free Creativity.
Be Prepared for a Revolutionary Transformation with Quantum Computing KEY FEATURES ● Demystify concepts, working principles, and the process of Quantum Computing. ● Extensive coverage on various applications of Quantum Computing across industries and sectors. ● Learn how to harness the power of Quantum Computing and Artificial Intelligence in your business. DESCRIPTION The book ‘Quantum Computing and Future’ brings a holistic view of the potential of Quantum Computing across various industries and sectors. This book touches almost every area of application that can be benefitted from the capability of Quantum Computing, thus helping readers to understand how this innovative technology brings agility and transformation across enterprises. This book begins with concepts and principles of Quantum Computing followed by the process of quantum computing functions. It explains how Quantum Computing has led to transformation across sectors, including Healthcare, Banking, Finance, Genomics, Drug Discovery, Aviation, Tourism, Cryptocurrency, and Security. The book describes how an enterprise can leverage the tremendous capabilities of Quantum Computing and put its application in your business infrastructure for its optimal performance. You will see yourself most updated on the current progress of implementation of Quantum Computers and how their services can be available for enterprise use. By the end of the book, you will understand the enormous potential of Quantum Computing and how it is transforming businesses across different industries. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN ● Explore Quantum concepts and principles such as Superposition, Entanglement, and Interference. ● Understand how Quantum Computing is revolutionizing the Healthcare and Medicine fields. ● Understand how Quantum Computing is transforming the Banking and Finance sectors. WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR This book is for IT and Non-IT professionals, developers, business analysts, business heads, CXOs, students, and researchers who are interested in Quantum Computing. Anyone who wants to know the latest trends and future of this cutting-edge technology will find this book helpful. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. An Overview of Quantum Computing 2. History of Quantum Physics and Dynamics 3. Quantum Concepts and Principles (Superposition, Entanglement and Interference) 4. Quantum Computing in Healthcare and Medicine 5. Quantum Computing in Banking and Finance 6. Quantum Computing in Drug Discovery and Research 7. Quantum Computing in Aviation, Travel, and Logistics 8. Quantum Computing in Crypto and Security 9. Quantum Computing in Space Exploration, Astronomical, and Weather Studies 10. Quantum Computing for Solving Complex Optimization Problems 11. Quantum Computing in Chemistry, Chemical Research and Agriculture 12. Quantum Computing in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning 13. Quantum Computing for Optimizing Big Data 14. Quantum Computing for Simulation of Durable Battery Designs 15. Quantum Computing and Future of Autonomous Vehicles 16. Quantum Computing in Education and Research 17. How Quantum and AI Will Revolutionize Defense and Warfare? 18. Quantum Computing in Life Science 19. Quantum Computing in Cyber Security and Hacking 20. Quantum Computing in Movies and Cinemas 21. Quantum Computing in Spirituality and Mysticism 22. Quantum Computing in Robotics 23. Quantum Computing in Nuclear Research and Study of Atoms 24. Quantum Computing in Sports and Games 25. Quantum Computing in Traffic Optimization 26. Quantum Computing in Metaverse 27. Quantum Computing in Fintech, AI, and Sustainability 28. How Quantum Explains Human Consciousness?
Focusses on all possible aspects of project appraisal and selection Emphasizes differences from public and private projects in terms of financial and economic evaluations Provides step-by-step methods of analysis of multiple issues involved in the initial appraisal of projects Includes sections on "lessons learned and learning from experience" illustrating applications of the process and implications Covers feasibility analysis including both technical aspects, and financial evaluation
The present volume, The State of Economic Development in South Asia: A Compendium of Deliberations – Econ Dev Discussion 2020-21 is a compilation of analytical reflections and examinations of the economic growth and development in the countries of South Asia. The compendium is a product of the series, The State of Economic Development in South Asia – #EconDevDiscussion under the IMPRI South Asia Studies Center (SASC). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of disruption of markets and livelihoods across all the sectors of the economies has varied in extent and intensity. The series explores the possible strategies for recovery from the same by focusing on economic development, international and national policies, and addressing welfare and inequality. It unravels the role of governance, corporations, civil society, the populace, and other actors in realizing an equitable society. Chapter 1 highlights the ‘Government Policy and Rural Development in Bangladesh’. It addresses how Bangladesh has elevated its stature from being a least developed country to an emerging economy, and in what ways has the focus on rural development contributed to the same. Chapter 2 addresses the ‘Nationally Determined Contributions to Climate Change in Sri Lanka’, which shows how the island country stands at the risk of continued increase in global temperatures. Chapter 3 deals with the ‘Trade and Policy Shocks in Nepal amid COVID-19 Pandemic: Observations, Lessons and the Way Forward’. It shows how the small landlocked country stood at crossroads in policy decisions- prioritizing public health over other sectors. Chapter 4 addresses the ‘Changing Dynamics of India’s Trade under COVID-19: Trade Openness and Value Chain Participation’. It emphasizes the dilemma of how India responded to the interruptions in the global value chain and the implications. Chapter 5 deliberates upon the ‘Financial Inclusion in Bangladesh: Initiatives, Achievements, and Way Forward amidst COVID -19 Pandemic’. Chapter 6 focuses on ‘Designing built environment for comfort, wellbeing, and happiness in Bhutan’. It brings out a new dimension of livelihood practices and how urbanization meets the conventional in the country. Chapter 7 examines ‘The State of the Bangladesh Economy in the Times of COVID-19: Impact and the Way Forward’, and Chapter 8 deals with ‘India’s New Agricultural Laws 2020: Looking Beyond Farmers’ Concerns’. Chapter 9 delineates the ‘The State of “No-Land’s Man”: The Human Rights of Rohingyas’ that explores another dimension of development by highlighting the status of social welfare and equality across countries and its deterioration during the pandemic. Chapter 10 highlights the ‘Changing Tourism Prospects and Policy Options for Sustainable Tourism in Sri Lanka’ and Chapter 11 describes the issues related to the ‘Regional Trade and Developmental Challenges in South Asia’ and traces the trends in the economic sectors of trade and tourism owing to the restrictions on the movements of goods and humans across borders, dwindling demand, and changing fiscal and monetary policies. Chapter 12 examines the initiatives of ‘Model Gaon एक नयी सोच, एक नयी पहल’ that delineates a project concentrated at the village level. If employed, it seeks to bring the parameters of agriculture, education sanitation, among others that define development, to the center stage. Chapter 13 throws some light on ‘Enabling Micro Enterprises for Economic Growth: Entrepreneurship Development with Government Policy Interventions in Nepal’ which seeks to understand the response of various governmental regimes towards tackling the pandemic and mitigating its effects. In all, this volume addresses a wide range of topical issues that have immense policy relevance which concern the development and welfare of people in connection with the politico-socio-economic changes, which have been further complicated by COVID-19 and environmental changes.
This book is on dependence concepts and general methods for dependence testing. Here, dependence means data dependence and the tests are compile-time tests. We felt the time was ripe to create a solid theory of the subject, to provide the research community with a uniform conceptual framework in which things fit together nicely. How successful we have been in meeting these goals, of course, remains to be seen. We do not try to include all the minute details that are known, nor do we deal with clever tricks that all good programmers would want to use. We do try to convince the reader that there is a mathematical basis consisting of theories of bounds of linear functions and linear diophantine equations, that levels and direction vectors are concepts that arise rather natu rally, that different dependence tests are really special cases of some general tests, and so on. Some mathematical maturity is needed for a good understand ing of the book: mainly calculus and linear algebra. We have cov ered diophantine equations rather thoroughly and given a descrip of some matrix theory ideas that are not very widely known. tion A reader familiar with linear programming would quickly recog nize several concepts. We have learned a great deal from the works of M. Wolfe, and K. Kennedy and R. Allen. Wolfe's Ph. D. thesis at the University of Illinois and Kennedy & Allen's paper on vectorization of Fortran programs are still very useful sources on this subject.
This book precisely formulates and simplifies the presentation of Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) compilation techniques. It uniquely offers consistent and uniform descriptions of the code transformations involved. Due to the ubiquitous nature of ILP in virtually every processor built today, from general purpose CPUs to application-specific and embedded processors, this book is useful to the student, the practitioner and also the researcher of advanced compilation techniques. With an emphasis on fine-grain instruction level parallelism, this book will also prove interesting to researchers and students of parallelism at large, in as much as the techniques described yield insights that go beyond superscalar and VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word) machines compilation and are more widely applicable to optimizing compilers in general. ILP techniques have found wide and crucial application in Design Automation, where they have been used extensively in the optimization of performance as well as area and power minimization of computer designs.
Automatic transformation of a sequential program into a parallel form is a subject that presents a great intellectual challenge and promises great practical rewards. There is a tremendous investment in existing sequential programs, and scientists and engineers continue to write their application programs in sequential languages (primarily in Fortran),but the demand for increasing speed is constant. The job of a restructuring compiler is to discover the dependence structure of a given program and transform the program in a way that is consistent with both that dependence structure and the characteristics of the given machine. Much attention in this field of research has been focused on the Fortran do loop. This is where one expects to find major chunks of computation that need to be performed repeatedly for different values of the index variable. Many loop transformations have been designed over the years, and several of them can be found in any parallelizing compiler currently in use in industry or at a university research facility. Loop Transformations for Restructuring Compilers: The Foundations provides a rigorous theory of loop transformations. The transformations are developed in a consistent mathematical framework using objects like directed graphs, matrices and linear equations. The algorithms that implement the transformations can then be precisely described in terms of certain abstract mathematical algorithms. The book provides the general mathematical background needed for loop transformations (including those basic mathematical algorithms), discusses data dependence, and introduces the major transformations. The next volume will build a detailed theory of loop transformations based on the material developed here. Loop Transformations for Restructuring Compilers: The Foundations presents a theory of loop transformations that is rigorous and yet reader-friendly.
Automatic transformation of a sequential program into a parallel form is a subject that presents a great intellectual challenge and promises a great practical award. There is a tremendous investment in existing sequential programs, and scientists and engineers continue to write their application programs in sequential languages (primarily in Fortran). The demand for higher speedups increases. The job of a restructuring compiler is to discover the dependence structure and the characteristics of the given machine. Much attention has been focused on the Fortran do loop. This is where one expects to find major chunks of computation that need to be performed repeatedly for different values of the index variable. Many loop transformations have been designed over the years, and several of them can be found in any parallelizing compiler currently in use in industry or at a university research facility. The book series on KappaLoop Transformations for Restructuring Compilerskappa provides a rigorous theory of loop transformations and dependence analysis. We want to develop the transformations in a consistent mathematical framework using objects like directed graphs, matrices, and linear equations. Then, the algorithms that implement the transformations can be precisely described in terms of certain abstract mathematical algorithms. The first volume, Loop Transformations for Restructuring Compilers: The Foundations, provided the general mathematical background needed for loop transformations (including those basic mathematical algorithms), discussed data dependence, and introduced the major transformations. The current volume, Loop Parallelization, builds a detailed theory of iteration-level loop transformations based on the material developed in the previous book.
This book precisely formulates and simplifies the presentation of Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) compilation techniques. It uniquely offers consistent and uniform descriptions of the code transformations involved. Due to the ubiquitous nature of ILP in virtually every processor built today, from general purpose CPUs to application-specific and embedded processors, this book is useful to the student, the practitioner and also the researcher of advanced compilation techniques. With an emphasis on fine-grain instruction level parallelism, this book will also prove interesting to researchers and students of parallelism at large, in as much as the techniques described yield insights that go beyond superscalar and VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word) machines compilation and are more widely applicable to optimizing compilers in general. ILP techniques have found wide and crucial application in Design Automation, where they have been used extensively in the optimization of performance as well as area and power minimization of computer designs.
Automatic transformation of a sequential program into a parallel form is a subject that presents a great intellectual challenge and promises great practical rewards. There is a tremendous investment in existing sequential programs, and scientists and engineers continue to write their application programs in sequential languages (primarily in Fortran),but the demand for increasing speed is constant. The job of a restructuring compiler is to discover the dependence structure of a given program and transform the program in a way that is consistent with both that dependence structure and the characteristics of the given machine. Much attention in this field of research has been focused on the Fortran do loop. This is where one expects to find major chunks of computation that need to be performed repeatedly for different values of the index variable. Many loop transformations have been designed over the years, and several of them can be found in any parallelizing compiler currently in use in industry or at a university research facility. Loop Transformations for Restructuring Compilers: The Foundations provides a rigorous theory of loop transformations. The transformations are developed in a consistent mathematical framework using objects like directed graphs, matrices and linear equations. The algorithms that implement the transformations can then be precisely described in terms of certain abstract mathematical algorithms. The book provides the general mathematical background needed for loop transformations (including those basic mathematical algorithms), discusses data dependence, and introduces the major transformations. The next volume will build a detailed theory of loop transformations based on the material developed here. Loop Transformations for Restructuring Compilers: The Foundations presents a theory of loop transformations that is rigorous and yet reader-friendly.
This book is on dependence concepts and general methods for dependence testing. Here, dependence means data dependence and the tests are compile-time tests. We felt the time was ripe to create a solid theory of the subject, to provide the research community with a uniform conceptual framework in which things fit together nicely. How successful we have been in meeting these goals, of course, remains to be seen. We do not try to include all the minute details that are known, nor do we deal with clever tricks that all good programmers would want to use. We do try to convince the reader that there is a mathematical basis consisting of theories of bounds of linear functions and linear diophantine equations, that levels and direction vectors are concepts that arise rather natu rally, that different dependence tests are really special cases of some general tests, and so on. Some mathematical maturity is needed for a good understand ing of the book: mainly calculus and linear algebra. We have cov ered diophantine equations rather thoroughly and given a descrip of some matrix theory ideas that are not very widely known. tion A reader familiar with linear programming would quickly recog nize several concepts. We have learned a great deal from the works of M. Wolfe, and K. Kennedy and R. Allen. Wolfe's Ph. D. thesis at the University of Illinois and Kennedy & Allen's paper on vectorization of Fortran programs are still very useful sources on this subject.
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