This book sheds new light on Jerusalem's status in early Islam. The sanctity of the city is already discerned in the Qurʾān. The vision of redemption that the Qurʾān displays coincides with the messianic expectations that have swept throughout the entire region, especially among the Jews, due to the attempted renewal of Jewish liturgy in Jerusalem following the Persian victory over Byzantium in 614. On the other hand, the Qurʾān also portrays the holiness of Mecca and the Kaʿba. This book shows how it promotes their pre-Islamic holiness around the image of Abraham and Ishmael. The changing balance between the sanctity of Jerusalem and the sanctity of Mecca, in favor of the latter, is noticeable in the Qurʾān as one proceeds from the Meccan sūras to the Medinan ones. The change occurs against the background of the twist in relations between Muḥammad and the Jews. This book also points out the correlation between Muḥammad's situation in Medina and events in Palestine involving the victory of the Byzantines over the Persians in 628, as alluded to in the opening passage of Sūrat al-Rūm (30). Thie work illuminates the growing sanctity of Jerusalem following the arrival of the first Muslims to Palestine. As in the Qurʾān, Mecca continued to struggle to preserve its status as a holy city vis-à-vis that of Jerusalem. Key aspects of this struggle are reflected in traditions in which patterns of sanctity move from Jerusalem to Mecca, and which this book also scrutinizes.
This book, based on newly classified material, describes the Jewish defense actions in the 1948 War of Independence. Milstein discloses the internal frictions among the Jewish commanders; the subsequent elevation of Ben Gurion to supreme command; and all the events--political and military--of the first month of war. The book is singular in its critical method, in the vast number of documents consulted, and the thousands of interviews with people, many of whom have passed away. Instead of generalizations, the book analyzes in detail the determinant events during that first month. It is intended for scholars, students, and the general public.
A detailed account of the way Israel dealt with the Iraqi nuclear buildup between its launch in 1974 and the destruction of the Tamuz I reactor on 7 June 1981. This updated account includes formerly classified information and photographs taken during the mission and from US spy satellites.
This book discusses terahertz (THz) wireless communication, particularly for 6G enabling technologies, including antenna design, and channel modeling with channel characteristics for the success of reliable 6G wireless communication. The authors describe THz microstrip antenna technologies with different substrates and introduce some useful substrates to reduce the conductor and substrate losses at the THz frequencies. The discussion also includes the design of the THz unit-cell microstrip antenna and the techniques to boost the microstrip antennas' gain, directivity, and impedance bandwidth (BW), which influence the wireless communication range which is highly affected by the path losses of atmospheric conditions, and transmit and receive data rates, respectively. Moreover, this book discusses the multi-beam and beamforming THz antenna technologies with the multi-user-multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) features. Additionally, this book describes the reconfigurable capabilities, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning technologies that will influence the success of 6G wireless communication and the authors suggest a remedy for integrating multiple radios into the system-on-chip (SoC) design.
Written by four leading experts, this book provides a comprehensive overview of sociolinguistic variation and linguistic change in Arabic. It introduces sociolinguistic theory, methods, and data step-by-step, using accessible language and extensive examples throughout. Topics covered include sociolinguistic methodology, social variables, language change, spatial variation, and contact and diffusion. Each topic is explained and illustrated using empirical data drawn from a wide array of Arabic-speaking communities in the Middle East and North Africa, as well as other parts of the world where Arabic is or was spoken, to provide a rich resource of individual dialects, as well as a comparative view of variation in Arabic. Each chapter also contains annotated suggestions for further reading and elaborate exercises. It is an essential resource for students studying Arabic in its social context, as well as anyone wishing to expand their knowledge of variation in Arabic.
This is a book about how Near Eastern communities clustered around pious warfare as a set of literary conventions and how these dialogical conventions infiltrated the semantics of contemporary authors"--
Pregnancy stresses the heart and circulatory system. During pregnancy, blood volume increases by 30 to 50 percent. The amount of blood the heart pumps each minute also increases by 30 to 50 percent, and heart rate increases as well. These changes cause the heart to work harder, as do labor and delivery. This issue covers diagnosis and treatment of cardiac symptoms and cardiac emergencies during pregnancy.
This new research investigates socio-political and ethnic-cultural conflicts over wage gaps in Israel during the 1950s. The Academic Middle-Class Rebellion exposes the struggle of the Ashkenazi (European) professional elite to capitalize on its advantages during the first decade of Israeli statehood, by attempting to maximize wage gaps between themselves and the new Oriental Jewish proletariat. This struggle was met with great resistance from the government under the ruling party, Mapai, and its leader David Ben-Gurion. The clash between the two sides revealed diverse, contradictory visions of the optimal socio-economic foundation for establishing collective identity in the new nation-state. The study by Avi Bareli and Uri Cohen uncovers patterns that merged nationalism and socialism in 1950s Israel confronting a liberal and meritocratic vision.
Dr Bialer describes the internal debates within the Israeli political parties on the choices between pro-Soviet, pro-Western or non-aligned foreign policies.
Phosphate in Pediatric Health and Disease provides a state-of-the-art overview of normal physiology, pathophysiology, genetics, clinical and therapeutic aspects of different types of phosphate homeostasis in early life. The book reviews the developmental physiology of phosphate metabolism from the fetus to the adolescent. It describes the pathophysiologic mechanisms associated with perturbations in phosphate homeostasis as well as discusses the different clinical conditions related to abnormal mineral metabolism, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D in infancy, childhood, and adolescence, and the modern diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. This book will benefit pediatricians, endocrinologists, neurologists, nutritionists, and researchers in the field of mineral metabolism.
Uri Ehrlich addresses a relatively neglected but central component of the act of prayer: its nonverbal aspects, represented by such features as the worshiper's gestures, attire and shoes, and vocal expression. In the first part of this book, the author engages in a two-tiered examination of nine nonverbal elements integral to the rabbinic Amidah prayer: a detailed historical-geographical consideration of their development, followed by an analysis of each gesture's signification, the crux of this study. Of all the possible models, it was the realm of interpersonal communication which had the strongest impact on this consideration of the rabbinic Amidah gesture system. The concluding chapters explore the broader rabbinic conception of prayer embodied in these nonverbal modes of expression. Unlike mainstream prayer studies, which concentrate on the textual and spoken facets of prayer, the holistic approach taken here views prayer as a complex of verbal, physical, spiritual and other attributes.
In recent years we have become interested in the diffusion of “small” Western technologies in the countries of the Middle East during the 19th and 20th centuries, the era of Imperialism and first globalization. We postulated a contrast between “small” and “big” technologies. Under the latter category we may understand railway systems, electricity grids, telegraph networks, and steam navigation, imposed by foreign powers or installed by connected local entrepreneurs. But many “small” Western technologies, such as sewing machines, typewriters, pianos, eyeglasses, and similar consumer goods, which had been developed and manufactured in Europe and America, were wanted, and willingly acquired by the agency of individual users elsewhere. In a few cases, however, the inventions had to be adapted, or were overstepped, and even delayed. Some were adopted as social markers or status symbols only by elites who could afford them. Processes of adoption and diffusion therefore differed according to cultural settings, preferences, and needs. Social and cultural historians, and social scientists, not only of the Middle East, will find in this collection of essays a new approach to the impact of Western technological inventions on the Middle East.
Who was Jesus in real life? What inspired his ideas? What did he aim to achieve? What drew his disciples to him? How was he influenced by them? Unlike the many “quests for the historical Jesus”, as a psychologist, Wernik answers these questions from the perspectives of psychology and the social sciences. This book’s central axis is the theme of the father. It looks at the family constellation into which Jesus was born, where he was raised by a stepfather. It also investigates the relationship he develops with God, his father in heaven; and examines how he became a father figure to his disciples and followers. It is hoped that readers will also think about their own father when reading, the one usually called “dad”. Jesus and His Two Fathers sees Jesus’ love of peace and appeasement doctrine, as well as his difficulty with anger control, in the context of his upbringing and family constellation. Wernik offers a solution to the problem of the “missing years” which were unaccounted in the New Testament. He examines the internal conflicts in Jesus’ movement, and the tensions with the religious establishment, which led to his death. Jesus did not see himself as the Messiah, and Wernik shows him in fact as a great reformer of Judaism, who changed the notions of righteousness, the relation of the believers to God, and the status of the commandments. This book will be of interest to scholars, teachers and students in the humanities and social sciences, among others in the fields of religion, especially Christianity and Judaism. It is aimed at interested discerning readers of non-fiction in these areas.
Meet your Enemy Number One," a nervous Norwegian diplomat said to Uri Savir, the young director-general of Israel's Foreign Ministry, as he introduced him to Abu Ala, one of Yasser Arafat's top aides. They were in Oslo, and this was the first official encounter between Israel and the PLO. The atmosphere was tense. Savir read from prepared notes: "The aim of Israel's elected government," he began, "is to bring about a historic reconciliation with the Palestinian people. We have no interest in only a cosmetic change of the status quo. It is not our wish to control your lives. . . ." For more than half a century, both sides had denied the other's right to exist; both had sustained a terrible toll. Yet in the three years that followed that first encounter, after thousands of hours of subtle and complex secret negotiations, they hammered out the blueprint for a peaceful conclusion to a conflict that had seemed irre- concilable. This book is the Israeli chief negotiator's extraordinary account of those negotiations, their implementation and aftermath, and of the un- likely partnership that emerged between Yitz- hak Rabin, Yasser Arafat, and Shimon Peres. As the process initiated at Oslo began to re- shape allegiances throughout the Middle East, Israeli and Palestinian extremists set out to violently destroy what they described as "the threat of peace." This is the inside story of the race between those committed to reconciliation and those who vowed to destroy the peace. It is also a poignant story of the developing relationship between Savir and Abu Ala, both from Jeru- salem, both committed to their people, to their land, and to peace. Will the peace process initiated at Oslo prevail against the assault of extremists and enemies of peace on both sides? The answer to this question, and the future of the peace process, is crucial not just to Israel and the Palestinians, but to the Middle East and the world.
This book was developed while I was teaching graduate courses on analysis, design and optimization of structures, in the United States, Europe and Israel. Structural analysis is a main part of any design problem, and the analysis often must be repeated many times during the design process. Much work has been done on design-oriented analysis of structures recently and many studies have been published. The purpose of the book is to collect together selected topics of this literature and to present them in a unified approach. It meets the need for a general text covering the basic concepts and methods as well as recent developments in this area. This should prove useful to students, researchers, consultants and practicing engineers involved in analysis and design of structures. Previous books on structural analysis do not cover most of the material presented in the book. The book deals with the problem of multiple repeated analyses (reanalysis) of structures that is common to numerous analysis and design tasks. Reanalysis is needed in many areas such as structural optimization, analysis of damaged structures, nonlinear analysis, probabilistic analysis, controlled structures, smart structures and adaptive structures. It is related to a wide range of applications in such fields as Aerospace Engineering, Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture.
This book deals with various computational procedures for multiple repeated analyses (reanalysis) of structures, and presents them in a unified approach. It meets the need for a general text covering the basic concepts and methods as well as recent developments in this area. To clarify the presentation, many illustrative examples and numerical results are demonstrated. Previous books on structural analysis do not cover most of the material presented here.
Mites (Acari) for Pest Control is an extremely comprehensivepublication, covering in depth the 34 acarine families that containmites useful for the control of pest mites and insects, nematodesand weeds. In addition to providing information on each relevantacarine family, the book includes essential information on theintroduction, culture and establishment of acarine biocontrolagents, the effects of the host plants, agrochemicals andenvironmental factors on mites used in biological control anddiscusses commercial and economic considerations in theiruse. Mites are now used in various ways for biological control, witha growing number of species being sold commercially throughout theworld. The authors of this landmark publication, who have betweenthem a huge wealth of experience working with mites in biologicalcontrol programs, have put together a book that will for many yearsbe the standard reference on the subject. The book will be of great value to all those working in cropprotection and biological control both in research as well as incommercial operations, including acarologists, entomologists,integrated pest management specialists, agricultural and plantscientists. Libraries in all universities and researchestablishments where these subjects are studied and taught shouldall have copies on their shelves. Uri Gerson is at the Department of Entomology, Faculty ofAgricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Hebrew University,Rehovot, Israel. Robert L. Smiley and Ronald Ochoaare at the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, US Department ofAgriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA
This book sheds new light on Jerusalem's status in early Islam. The sanctity of the city is already discerned in the Qurʾān. The vision of redemption that the Qurʾān displays coincides with the messianic expectations that have swept throughout the entire region, especially among the Jews, due to the attempted renewal of Jewish liturgy in Jerusalem following the Persian victory over Byzantium in 614. On the other hand, the Qurʾān also portrays the holiness of Mecca and the Kaʿba. This book shows how it promotes their pre-Islamic holiness around the image of Abraham and Ishmael. The changing balance between the sanctity of Jerusalem and the sanctity of Mecca, in favor of the latter, is noticeable in the Qurʾān as one proceeds from the Meccan sūras to the Medinan ones. The change occurs against the background of the twist in relations between Muḥammad and the Jews. This book also points out the correlation between Muḥammad's situation in Medina and events in Palestine involving the victory of the Byzantines over the Persians in 628, as alluded to in the opening passage of Sūrat al-Rūm (30). Thie work illuminates the growing sanctity of Jerusalem following the arrival of the first Muslims to Palestine. As in the Qurʾān, Mecca continued to struggle to preserve its status as a holy city vis-à-vis that of Jerusalem. Key aspects of this struggle are reflected in traditions in which patterns of sanctity move from Jerusalem to Mecca, and which this book also scrutinizes.
This book contributes to the theatrical discussions of equilibria that rest on error--in which we include mistaken choices of games to play. Extant game theory recommends diverse strategies (plans of actions) for various given games, particularly those in Nash equilibria, in which no player benefits from one-sided strategy alteration. The literature also refers to the design of games that fit given goals. This is the mechanism design theory; its function is to serve social planners ignorant of the preferences of the people intended to play them. Our study of games avoidance adds to game theory the meta-game of choosing what game to play and what game to avoid playing, and that both players and planners can generate. This comprises a shift from the maximalist position that aims to maximize possible profit to the minimalist one that aims at minimizing possible loss. This shift depends on the question, considering the public interest, what set of games is it advisable to encourage? Obviously, it is advisable to encourage playing some groups of games such as trade, as well as to discourage playing other groups of games such as wars. This shift makes the theory much more applicable to social science: usually, choosing what game to play is less practical than choosing what game not to play. This invites legislation and similar incentives; their study should aim at the improvement of their usefulness. Discussing the possibility of changing both game and strategy renders game theory part-and-parcel of social science. For this mathematical models will not do: it requires a clear distinction between describing options and explaining situations. Explanations may enhance efforts at improvement.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th Annual European Symposium on Algorithms, ESA 2003, held in Budapest, Hungary, in September 2003. The 66 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 165 submissions. The scope of the papers spans the entire range of algorithmics from design and mathematical analysis issues to real-world applications, engineering, and experimental analysis of algorithms.
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