For the European Union of the 21st century, the search for sustainable prosperity and stability includes the challenge of reconciling democratic ideals and practices with the construction of a European constitutional order. From the 2001 Laeken Summit to the 2009 Lisbon Treaty and beyond EU leaders have repeatedly set out to bring citizens closer to EU governance by making it more democratic and effective yet several national ratification referendums have shown that publics are divided about whether and why to endorse or veto complex EU reform packages imposed from the top down. Despite these limitations people do effectively engage in the making of a European polity. By initiating national court proceedings active citizens are promoting fundamental European rights in Member States' practices. As party members they contribute to shaping mass media communication about, and national publics' understanding of, European political alternatives. As civil society activists citizens help build social networks for contesting certain EU reforms or advocating others. Last but not least, as voters in national and European elections they choose between competing party visions, and national parliamentary stances regarding the role of democratic citizenship. This original contribution to the debate about democratic citizenship vis-à-vis the challenges of economic globalization and European political integration presents critical explorations of different fields of direct, representative, participatory and deliberative democratic citizenship practices that affect the transformation of Europe.
Digitalization is inexorably conquering our lives - also with artificial intelligence (AI) methods. Search engine operators, social network operators and shipping platform operators know more and more about us, about our buying and living habits. User data has become a valuable commodity. We live and work with computer systems that behave intelligently or are even intelligent. Questions like "Can machines be intelligent?" or "Can they have emotions or a consciousness?" keep popping up. To enable readers to form their own opinion on these questions, the authors clearly explain individual techniques or methods of AI and relate them to approaches from philosophy, art and neurobiology. Topics such as logical reasoning, knowledge and memory play just as important a role as machine learning and artificial neural networks. In the foreground is the question of what constitutes memory and thinking, what role our emotions play when we as humans move through life, through the world. A book that offers unusual perspectives on artificial intelligence.
Gender and Cosmopolitanism in Europe combines a feminist critique of contemporary and prominent approaches to cosmopolitanism with an in-depth analysis of historical cosmopolitanism and the manner in which gendered symbolic boundaries of national political communities in two European countries are drawn. Exploring the work of prominent scholars of new cosmopolitanism in Britain and Germany, including Held, Habermas, Beck and Bhabha, it delivers a timely intervention into current debates on globalisation, Europeanisation and social processes of transformation in and beyond specific national societies. A rigorous examination of the emancipatory potential of current debates surrounding cosmopolitanism in Europe, this book will be of interest to sociologist and political scientists working on questions of identity, inclusion, citizenship, globalisation, cosmopolitanism and gender.
Obwohl viele inkriminierte Texte schnell bestimmten Textsorten zugeordnet werden können, beruht diese Zuordnung oftmals nicht auf linguistischen, sondern auf strafrechtlich relevanten Faktoren. Solche Klassifikationen sind für die forensische Praxis unverzichtbar, verbergen allerdings häufig die linguistische Vielfalt innerhalb eines Texttyps. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die stilistische Variation in zwei konträr zueinanderstehenden Textklassen: rechtsextremen Droh- und Schmähbriefen sowie linksextremen Bekennerschreiben und Positionspapieren. Die über 150 authentischen Texte wurden mithilfe eines semi-automatisierten Clusterverfahrens hinsichtlich ihrer stilistischen Charakteristika gruppiert. Die resultierenden Stilausprägungen veranschaulichen einerseits die große Diversität linguistischer Merkmale innerhalb einer Textklasse, andererseits zeigt sich, dass einige Stilausprägungen gleichermaßen aus beiden Textklassen gespeist werden - trotz deren gegensätzlichen Funktionen und politischen Ideen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie bereichern nicht nur unser linguistisches Verständnis der beiden untersuchten Textklassen, sondern zeigen auch für die Praxis der Autorenanalyse neue Perspektiven und Herangehensweisen auf.
For the European Union of the 21st century, the search for sustainable prosperity and stability includes the challenge of reconciling democratic ideals and practices with the construction of a European constitutional order. From the 2001 Laeken Summit to the 2009 Lisbon Treaty and beyond EU leaders have repeatedly set out to bring citizens closer to EU governance by making it more democratic and effective yet several national ratification referendums have shown that publics are divided about whether and why to endorse or veto complex EU reform packages imposed from the top down. Despite these limitations people do effectively engage in the making of a European polity. By initiating national court proceedings active citizens are promoting fundamental European rights in Member States' practices. As party members they contribute to shaping mass media communication about, and national publics' understanding of, European political alternatives. As civil society activists citizens help build social networks for contesting certain EU reforms or advocating others. Last but not least, as voters in national and European elections they choose between competing party visions, and national parliamentary stances regarding the role of democratic citizenship. This original contribution to the debate about democratic citizenship vis-à-vis the challenges of economic globalization and European political integration presents critical explorations of different fields of direct, representative, participatory and deliberative democratic citizenship practices that affect the transformation of Europe.
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