German-speaking playwrights have exercised a considerable if subtle influence on Australian theatre history. Presenting a range of paradigmatic case studies, this book offers a detailed account of Australian productions of German-language drama between 1945 and 1996. The reception of Bertolt Brecht is used as a touchstone for analysing stagings of plays by writers such as Max Frisch, Rolf Hochhuth, Peter Handke and Franz Xaver Kroetz. In addition, more recent developments in the reception of German drama on the Australian stage are discussed.
This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Contemporary Germanyprovides a comprehensive overview of most aspects of life and institutions in contemporary Germany. It also introduces the reader to the historical development of both East and West Germany between 1949 and 1990, and addresses the various issues arising from reunification. This second edition of Historical Dictionary of Contemporary Germany contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 500 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Germany.
Reports on crime in newspapers do not provide a neutral representation of criminals and their offences but instead construct them in accordance with societal discourse surrounding this issue. This book takes an interdisciplinary approach at the intersection of Linguistics, Criminology, and Media Studies and demonstrates how Linguistics can contribute to the study of crime in the media. By combining the tools offered by Corpus Linguistics and Critical Stylistics (a text-based framework for Critical Discourse Analysis), evidence is provided for predominant perceptions of crime and their underlying ideologies in both British and German society. This study names and illustrates the most significant linguistic devices used to construct offenders, victims, and crimes in two newspaper corpora compiled from the German and British press. These devices are then linked to criminological frameworks.
Theatre and Internationalization examines how internationalization affects the processes and aesthetics of theatre, and how this art form responds dramatically and thematically to internationalization beyond the stage. With central examples drawn from Australia and Germany from the 1930s to the present day, the book considers theatre and internationalization through a range of theoretical lenses and methodological practices, including archival research, aviation history, theatre historiography, arts policy, organizational theory, language analysis, academic-practitioner insights, and literary-textual studies. While drawing attention to the ways in which theatre and internationalization might be contributing productively to each other and to the communities in which they operate, it also acknowledges the limits and problematic aspects of internationalization. Taking an unusually wide approach to theatre, the book includes chapters by specialists in popular commercial theatre, disability theatre, Indigenous performance, theatre by and for refugees and other migrants, young people as performers, opera and operetta, and spoken art theatre. An excellent resource for academics and students of theatre and performance studies, especially in the fields of spoken theatre, opera and operetta studies, and migrant theatre, Theatre and Internationalization explores how theatre shapes and is shaped by international flows of people, funds, practices, and works.
Nitrogen" Suppt. Vol. B 1 describes the compounds of nitrogen with noble gases and, in the major part, binary compounds composed of one nitrogen atom and hydrogen. Nitrogen hydrogen compounds with two and more nitrogen atoms are covered in "Nitrogen" Suppt. Vol. 82. There is some information on various nitrogen-noble gas species, to a large extent because of the interest in their bonding behavior. Experimental data have been obtained chiefly for some singly charged cations, particularly those formed by argon Like ArN + and ArNi. The existence of others has only been established by mass spectrometry. The binary compounds of nitrogen and hydrogen comprise NH, NH , NH , NH , the corre 2 4 5 sponding ions, and some adducts. NH and NH1 are not treated. The predominant part 3 of the volume covers the description of the molecules NH and NH . 8oth species are present 2 in photolytic processes in the atmosphere. They play an essential role in combustion systems regardless of whether the nitrogen stems from the nitrogen-containing fuel or from the air. Thus, much work has been devoted to the understanding of the nitrogen chemistry in combustion and in the atmosphere. The production and detection methods as weiL as the reactions have been comprehensively described. ln addition detailed information is given on the spectral behavior, the knowledge of which is important for detecting the mole cules and for studying their kinetics.
Theatre of Real People offers fresh perspectives on the current fascination with putting people on stage who present aspects of their own lives and who are not usually trained actors. After providing a history of this mode of performance, and theoretical frameworks for its analysis, the book focuses on work developed by seminal practitioners at Berlin's Hebbel am Ufer (HAU) production house. It invites the reader to explore the HAU's innovative approach to Theatre of Real People, authenticity and cultural diversity during the period of Matthias Lilienthal's leadership (2003–12). Garde and Mumford also elucidate how Theatre of Real People can create and destabilise a sense of the authentic, and suggest how Authenticity-Effects can present new ways of perceiving diverse and unfamiliar people. Through a detailed analysis of key HAU productions such as Lilienthal's brainchild X-Apartments, Mobile Academy's Blackmarket, and Rimini Protokoll's 100% City, the book explores both the artistic agenda of an important European theatre institution, and a crucial aspect of contemporary theatre's social engagement.
In premodern Germany, both the emerging centralized government and the powerful Catholic Church redefined gender roles for their own ends. Ulrike Strasser's interdisciplinary study of Catholic state-building examines this history from the vantage point of the virginal female body. Focusing on Bavaria, Germany's first absolutist state, Strasser recounts how state authorities forced chastity upon lower-class women to demarcate legitimate forms of sexuality and maintain class hierarchies. At the same time, they cloistered groups of upper-class women to harness the spiritual authority associated with holy virgins to the political authority of the state. The state finally recruited upper-class virgins as teachers who could school girls in the gender-specific morals and type of citizenship favored by authorities. Challenging Weberian concepts that link modernization to Protestantism, Strasser's study illustrates the modernizing power of Catholicism through an examination of virginity's central role in politics, culture, and society. Weaving together the stories of marriage and convent, of lay as well as religious women, State of Virginity makes important contributions to the historical study of sexuality and the growing feminist literature on the state. It will be of particular interest to students and scholars of political and religious history, women's studies, and social history.
To find a suitable framework for the description of a previously undocumented language is all the more challenging in the case of a signed language. In this book, for the first time, an indigenous Asian sign language used in deaf communities in India and Pakistan is described on all linguistically relevant levels. This grammatical sketch aims at providing a concise yet comprehensive picture of the language. It covers a substantial part of Indopakistani Sign Language grammar. Topics discussed range from properties of individual signs to principles of discourse organization. Important aspects of morphological structure and syntactic regularities are summarized. Finally, sign language specific grammatical mechanisms such as spatially realized syntax and the use of facial expressions also figure prominently in this book. A 300-word dictionary with graphic representations of signs and a transcribed sample text complement the grammatical description. The cross-linguistic study of signed languages is only just beginning. Descriptive materials such as the ones presented in this book provide the necessary starting point for further empirical and theoretical research in this direction.
Biogenic toxins are fascinating natural products characterized by an enormous diversity of chemical structures and pharmacological activities. They not only pose hazards to humans and animals, but they are important components in the interplay of substances and living beings in nature and, moreover, important sources for new drugs. The present book is the first volume of the 5-volume series "Natural Poisons and Venoms". Volumes 1-3 cover poisons produced by plants, volume 4 summarizes poisons and venoms of animals and volume 5 deal with poisons of fungi, cyanobacteria, and other microorganisms. This volume starts with a fundamental chapter on history, chemistry and pharmacology of natural toxins, importance of the toxins for their producer, potential danger for humans and animals, and general aspects of toxicology including notes for first aid and proposals for clinical measures. The following chapters focus on the poisonous representatives of terpenes and the related steroids. The reader will be informed about the botany and occurrence of plants producing these toxins, the chemistry, the biogenesis and the pharmacology of the toxins, possible causes of poisonings, precautions to avoid poisonings, symptoms of poisonings of humans and animals, proposals for treatment measures and the possible usefulness, in the past, in present and in the future, of these toxins, especially for the development of new medicines. Numerous images of plants and chemical structural formulas complete the book. Extensive lists of literature references are given. The handbook is intended for physicians, veterinarians, pharmacists, chemists, biochemists, food chemists and biologists, for the students in the relevant fields, and also for interested laymen. You will be informed about all aspects of natural toxins based on the latest knowledge.
When having coffee with your family, you are offered energized water. On Twitter you discuss with vaccination opponents. The WhatsApp kitagroup discusses zodiac signs, the pharmacy sells you globules, the neighbor proselytizes for her guru, and the news is once again about demonstrations by right-wing extremists. Everywhere you encounter conspiracy myths, superstition, esotericism, pseudoscience and Co. and you want to respond to them - while remaining as factual as possible, clarify your position, provide facts, but also not unnecessarily provoke or overload. In addition, you do not want to hurt your counterpart, but to encourage him to rethink. But how do you do that? If you are asking yourself this question, read "Fact and Prejudice". Understand why we are driven by emotions and most information bounces off us. Read experiences and tips from interviews with professional (science) communicators. Then follow different people through their own rethinking processes: What convinces an alternative medicine practitioner to leave non-evidence-based medicine behind? What was the deciding factor for a former vaccination opponent to have her children vaccinated after all? What helps members of appropriative organizations to get out? What moves a celebrated medium to break away from esotericism? This book is for anyone who worries about or doesn't know how to communicate with people who have irrational worldviews - whether it's with family, friends, anonymously on the Internet, or at work. The authors give concrete tips on discussions and situations and also help to decide when it is important to engage and when it is better to withdraw.
This book offers a detailed study of how the practices and notions of the Basel Mission regarding women and gender were received, conceptualised and negotiated in local terms in pre and early colonial Ghanaian societies, 1843-1885.
This volume deals with binary nitrogen-hydrogen compounds having two, three, or more nitrogen atoms (with the exception of hydrazine) and with compounds composed of nitrogen, hydrogen, and noble gases. The important species containing two nitrogen atoms, N2H, N2H+, N2H2, and N2H3 are described in the first part of this volume. Next, chains and cycles consisting of three nitrogen atoms are covered. Among them hydrogen azide or hydrozoic acid, HN3, is the most extensively studied nitrogen-hydrogen compound described in this volume. With increasing number of nitrogen atoms, the thermochmical stability declines. There is, however, a considerable amount of information on molecules with up to nine linked nitrogen atoms. Several of these binary nitrogen-hydrogen compounds could only be isolated in the form of organic derivatives. In that case, data available for the organic derivatives were included if they were characteristic for the particular unsubstituted N-H parent compound.
Renowned author Ulrike Schuerkens presents an in-depth exploration of social transformations and developments. Combining an international approach with up-to-date research, the book: Has dedicated chapters on contemporary topics including technology, new media, war and terror, political culture and inequality Includes an analysis of societal structures – inequality, globalization, transnationalism Contains learning features including: discussion questions, annotated further reading, chapter summaries and pointers to online resources to assist with study A must buy for students taking modules in social change, social inequality, social theory and globalization.
Throughout Europe, the exercise of justice rests on judicial independence by impartiality. In Reason and Fairness Ulrike Müßig reveals the combination of ordinary judicial competences with procedural rationality, together with the complementarity of procedural and substantive justice, as the foundation for the ‘rule of law’ in court constitution, far earlier than the advent of liberal constitutionalism. The ECHR fair trial guarantee reads as the historically-grown consensus of the functional judicial independence. Both before historical and contemporary courts, justice is done and seen to be done by means of judgements, whose legal requirements combine the equation of ‘fair’ and ‘legal’ with that of ‘legal’ and ‘rational.’ This legal determinability of the judge’s fair attitude amounts to the specific (rational) European idea of justice.
Nowadays, textual databases are among the most rapidly growing collections of data. Some of these collections contain a new type of data that differs from classical numerical or textual data. These are long sequences of symbols, not divided into well-separated small tokens (words). The most prominent among such collections are databases of biological sequences, which are experiencing today an unprecedented growth rate. Starting in 2008, the "1000 Genomes Project" has been launched with the ultimate goal of collecting sequences of additional 1,500 Human genomes, 500 each of European, African, and East Asian origin. This will produce an extensive catalog of Human genetic variations. The size of just the raw sequences in this catalog would be about 5 terabytes. Querying strings without well-separated tokens poses a different set of challenges, typically addressed by building full-text indexes, which provide effective structures to index all the substrings of the given strings. Since full-text indexes occupy more space than the raw data, it is often necessary to use disk space for their construction. However, until recently, the construction of full-text indexes in secondary storage was considered impractical due to excessive I/O costs. Despite this, algorithms developed in the last decade demonstrated that efficient external construction of full-text indexes is indeed possible. This book is about large-scale construction and usage of full-text indexes. We focus mainly on suffix trees, and show efficient algorithms that can convert suffix trees to other kinds of full-text indexes and vice versa. There are four parts in this book. They are a mix of string searching theory with the reality of external memory constraints. The first part introduces general concepts of full-text indexes and shows the relationships between them. The second part presents the first series of external-memory construction algorithms that can handle the construction of full-text indexes for moderately large strings in the order of few gigabytes. The third part presents algorithms that scale for very large strings. The final part examines queries that can be facilitated by disk-resident full-text indexes. Table of Contents: Structures for Indexing Substrings / External Construction of Suffix Trees / Scaling Up: When the Input Exceeds the Main Memory / Queries for Disk-based Indexes / Conclusions and Open Problems
After World War II Berlin became one of the playgrounds of the Cold War; the Berlin Wall made the division between East and West, between ‘capitalism’ and ‘communism’ in 1961 highly visible, though it did remove Berlin from front-line politics. East and West Berlin had turned into shop-windows of ideologies – West Berlin representing the lure of a market economy, East Berlin the promise of socialism. It is, then, fitting that the fall of the Wall in 1989 awarded Berlin such a prominent role. It was here that the development after Reunification of East and West became a closely observed event – and, well beyond Germany, Berlin appeared to represent fundamental developments throughout Europe at the time. Today, Berlin is the capital of reunified Germany and therefore one of the key political players in the European Union (EU) and it’s now a desirable destination for young entrepreneurs. The Historical Dictionary of Berlin contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has more than 300 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, places, institutions, and events. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Berlin.
This book is the first English translation of the German architect Bruno Taut’s early twentieth-century anthology Die Stadtkrone (The City Crown). Written under the influence of World War I, Taut developed The City Crown to promote a utopian urban concept where people would live in a garden city of ’apolitical socialism’ and peaceful collaboration around a single purpose-free crystalline structure. Taut’s proposal sought to advance the garden city idea of Ebenezer Howard and rural aesthetic of Camillo Sitte’s urban planning schemes by merging them with his own ’city crown’ concept. The book also contains contributions by the Expressionist poet Paul Scheerbart, the writer and politician Erich Baron and the architectural critic Adolf Behne. Although the original German text was republished in 2002, only the title essay of The City Crown has previously been translated into English. This English translation of Taut’s full anthology, complete with all illustrations and supplementary texts, fills a significant gap in the literature on early modern architecture in Germany and the history of urban design. It includes a translators’ preface, introduction and afterword to accompany the original composition of essays, poems, designs and images. These original texts are accompanied by illustrations of Taut’s own designs for a utopian garden city of 300,000 inhabitants and over 40 additional historic and contemporary examples. The new preface to The City Crown explains the premise for the English translation of Taut’s anthology, its organization and the approaches taken by the translators to maintain the four different voices included in the original work. Matthew Mindrup’s introduction critically examines the professional and intellectual developments leading up to and supporting Bruno Taut’s proposal to advance the English garden city concept with a centralized communal structure of glass, the city crown. Through the careful examination of original
The essays compiled in this book take issue with some of the directions of human rights politics in the immediate post-apartheid period. They look at the relationship between different sets of rights within the political contestations in South Africa. To the terms of social struggles for rights and justice, this book brings perspectives from narrative, psychoanalysis, political philosophy, and medical history; and from the history of national liberation struggles, nationalism and citizenship.
In Climate Border Adjustments and WTO Law, Ulrike Will develops a convincing reform proposal for a climate border adjustment (BA) on imports within the EU Emission Trading System (ETS). The proposed framework offers a realistic approach which would be immune to disputes at the WTO and comply with international climate agreements while remaining economically feasible and straightforward to implement. The book offers a comprehensive analysis of the WTO cases that might have parallels to the unresolved case of BAs. It provides interpretations of vague legal terms of the applicable WTO agreements and guidance on how to balance between environmentally related and trade liberalising WTO rules. Typified constellations of BAs pave the way for a reform of the EU ETS Directive. The inclusion of legal findings in the context of economic theory and climate science allows for a meaningful discussion of the functioning of the BA, relevant markets and competitive effects of specific design proposals. The proposed framework also takes into account the prevention of extra-jurisdictional effects.
This book is a comprehensive explanation of graph and model transformation. It contains a detailed introduction, including basic results and applications of the algebraic theory of graph transformations, and references to the historical context. Then in the main part the book contains detailed chapters on M-adhesive categories, M-adhesive transformation systems, and multi-amalgamated transformations, and model transformation based on triple graph grammars. In the final part of the book the authors examine application of the techniques in various domains, including chapters on case studies and tool support. The book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the areas of theoretical computer science, software engineering, concurrent and distributed systems, and visual modelling.
This book provides insights that are useful for people with interests in Operations Research, statistics and econometrics. Each contribution offers a snapshot out from interesting topics. The relationships and interconnectivities between decisions and models from different economic fields lead to a better understanding of the modern field of Operations Research. The book focuses on modelling as an activity rather than on techniques and programming. Divided into three parts, part one provides decision theoretical models, part two provides several theoretical and empirical papers concerning statistics and econometrics. Finally, part three provides an up-to-date account of Operations Research.
Being the first monographic study of this kind in the field of Assyriology, this book comprises an investigation of Ancient Mesopotamian concepts of the human person. Concentrating on Akkadian cuneiform texts from the 2nd and 1st millennium BC, the author examines the characteristics and attributes attached to human beings and the notions of the person as a composite being through a semantic analysis of Akkadian terms for the body, body parts and aspects of the self, which can be termed "souls". Through an examination of a wide range of textual sources and an interdisciplinary approach, this study shows that the Mesopotamian views of personhood share amazing similarities with those of the neighbouring ancient cultures, but often differ from our own. “...in short, as a piece of modern Assyriological scholarship it is very well done and a tribute to its author’s capabilities and accomplishments.” Benjamin R. Foster, Yale University
As the portrait of a fringe group, this book invites the reader to engage with the phenomenon of outcasts; it orders the rich material – which has grown out of numerous projects of artistic research with female drug users in European prisons and therapy institutions – and sets it into context. In this way, the conditions which have become structurally embedded in social processes are laid open and made perceptible as a matter of public concern. The biographical and artistic work with the inmates, the correspondence, the interventions in the isolated, public, and cultural sphere, the minutes, reflections, and results of the interdisciplinary exchange with scientists are comprehensively documented and illustrated.
Public and private, traffic and open space, planned and spontaneous - our idea of a city is characterised by opposites. However, the contributors to this bilingual book show that these poles can also be consciously connected. The urban building blocks from São Paolo present surprisingly idiosyncratic city scenes: People dancing along the motorway, strolling through the stone archipelago, splashing around in front of the city skyline Many of the case studies are linked to the ideas of the Brazilian urban planner Francisco Prestes Maia. As early as in the 1930s, he developed concepts that combine traffic, open space and architecture - a surprisingly contemporary approach. Öffentliches und Privates, Verkehr und Freiraum, Geplantes und Spontanes - unsere Stadtvorstellung ist geprägt durch Gegensätze. Dagegen zeigen die Beitragenden in dem zweisprachigen Band, dass sich diese Pole auch bewusst verknüpfen lassen. Die Stadtbausteine aus São Paolo präsentieren unerwartet eigenwillige Stadtszenen: Tanzende entlang der Schnellstraße, Flanierende durch das Steinarchipel, Planschende vor der Stadtsilhouette Viele der vorgestellten Projekte sind verknüpft mit den Ideen des brasilianischen Stadtplaners Francisco Prestes Maia. Schon in den 1930er Jahren entwickelte er Konzepte, die Verkehr, Freiraum und Architektur zusammendenken - ein überraschend aktueller Ansatz.
This work in the field of digital literary stylistics and computational literary studies is concerned with theoretical concerns of literary genre, with the design of a corpus of nineteenth-century Spanish-American novels, and with its empirical analysis in terms of subgenres of the novel. The digital text corpus consists of 256 Argentine, Cuban, and Mexican novels from the period between 1830 and 1910. It has been created with the goal to analyze thematic subgenres and literary currents that were represented in numerous novels in the nineteenth century by means of computational text categorization methods. To categorize the texts, statistical classification and a family resemblance analysis relying on network analysis are used with the aim to examine how the subgenres, which are understood as communicative, conventional phenomena, can be captured on the stylistic, textual level of the novels that participate in them.
The MultiGradeMultiLevel-Methodology (MGML) offers students and teachers a reliable learning framework for both individualized and community-oriented education. With “ladders of learning” guiding children through their tasks, MGML allows mixed-age groups to work together in one classroom (multigrade) at various achievement levels (multi-level) according to a defined curriculum. MGML allows teachers to spend less time teaching and more time supporting their students individually and working with them personally. In this publication the authors introduce MGML’s origin and international variations localizing them within scientific horizons. As a core result MGML’s significance stretches far beyond individual processes or single classrooms no matter if the school is in Germany or in Kenya, if the students are at primary or at university level. MGML has shown its potential to impact not only schools and students, but the global community.
In the Hobsbawmian long 19th century, gender and processes of sexualization and feminization have been crucial in the construction of the »Jewish Other«. Ulrike Brunotte explores how these processes came about by addressing imaginative, aesthetic, and epistemological questions. She analyzes how literature, psychoanalysis and the performing arts traverse and react to the ambivalence of racialized stereotypes. The »femininity puzzle« presents itself in two ways: first in the role of effeminization of the male Jew in antisemitic discourse, and then in the transgressive forms of femininity connected to Jewish women, especially the allosemitic orientalization in the figure of the »Beautiful Jewess«.
Say goodbye to boredom! This puzzle block contains 57 different puzzles for smart kids to solve: mazes, picture puzzles, find the mistakes, sudokus, exercises for comparing and connecting and a whole lot more. While children have fun solving the puzzles, they are developing their motor skills and abilities of perception, concentration and logical thinking. The puzzle block is the perfect companion for long waiting periods, car rides, rainy afternoons or any other time during the day.
Digitalization is inexorably conquering our lives - also with artificial intelligence (AI) methods. Search engine operators, social network operators and shipping platform operators know more and more about us, about our buying and living habits. User data has become a valuable commodity. We live and work with computer systems that behave intelligently or are even intelligent. Questions like "Can machines be intelligent?" or "Can they have emotions or a consciousness?" keep popping up. To enable readers to form their own opinion on these questions, the authors clearly explain individual techniques or methods of AI and relate them to approaches from philosophy, art and neurobiology. Topics such as logical reasoning, knowledge and memory play just as important a role as machine learning and artificial neural networks. In the foreground is the question of what constitutes memory and thinking, what role our emotions play when we as humans move through life, through the world. A book that offers unusual perspectives on artificial intelligence.
There are many books on foreign language teaching - this book is different because it focuses on the learner and the learning process. It starts from the social nature of interactive learning and locates learning in a community of learners, one of whom is the teacher. The conditions for lasting learning in the foreign language are the basis for the teaching methods. These aim to provide a rich and shared learning context, offer individualised support and scaffolding for learning and make the language the medium for learning what learners are interested in as developing persons. It makes teachers into reflective researchers of their practice, thus ensuring that teaching is an art, a craft and a science. The best learning occurs when teachers can read the effects of their teaching on the learning behaviour of the pupils and are able to adapt their approach to be inclusive of all learning types. The approach carefully developed in this book, takes foreign language teaching and learning to a new level. Without losing touch with its origins in Waldorf pedagogy, it also draws on contemporary learning theory. Above all it is an authentic account of the learning journey of a committed and caring teacher.
Emotive Interjections in British English: A corpus-based study on variation in acquisition, function and usage constitutes the first in-depth corpus-based study on the use of emotive interjections in Present Day British English. In a novel approach, it systematically distinguishes between child and adult speakers, providing new insights into how they use Ow!, Ouch!, Ugh!, Yuck!, Whoops!, Whoopsadaisy! and Wow! in everyday spoken language. It studies in detail their acquisition by children and pinpoints changes and developments in their use throughout early childhood. The study highlights particularities displayed by child and adult speakers in general and identifies crucial differences regarding how adults use emotive interjections depending on whether they are interacting with children or other adults. This book thus offers an exhaustive overview on the functions of emotive interjections based on thorough empirical research and will appeal to linguists concerned with pragmatics, child language acquisition, the expression of emotion and interjections.
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