The technology of creation of three-dimensional holographic optical elements with controlled characteristics on the basis of heterophase microsystem "CaF2 core – AgBr shell", alkaline halide crystals (AHC) and chalcogenide glassy semiconductors (CGS) is proposed. We also consider the applications of holographic optical elements based on threedimensional transmitting diffraction structures for solving some practical problems. For students, graduate students, researchers.