Lectures, scientific papers, top secret wartime material, correspondence, and broadcasts are introduced and set in context by Jack Copeland, Director of the Turing Archive for the History of Computing."--Jacket.
A facsimile edition of Alan Turing's influential Princeton thesis Between inventing the concept of a universal computer in 1936 and breaking the German Enigma code during World War II, Alan Turing (1912–1954), the British founder of computer science and artificial intelligence, came to Princeton University to study mathematical logic. Some of the greatest logicians in the world—including Alonzo Church, Kurt Gödel, John von Neumann, and Stephen Kleene—were at Princeton in the 1930s, and they were working on ideas that would lay the groundwork for what would become known as computer science. This book presents a facsimile of the original typescript of Turing's fascinating and influential 1938 Princeton PhD thesis, one of the key documents in the history of mathematics and computer science. The book also features essays by Andrew Appel and Solomon Feferman that explain the still-unfolding significance of the ideas Turing developed at Princeton. A work of philosophy as well as mathematics, Turing's thesis envisions a practical goal—a logical system to formalize mathematical proofs so they can be checked mechanically. If every step of a theorem could be verified mechanically, the burden on intuition would be limited to the axioms. Turing's point, as Appel writes, is that "mathematical reasoning can be done, and should be done, in mechanizable formal logic." Turing's vision of "constructive systems of logic for practical use" has become reality: in the twenty-first century, automated "formal methods" are now routine. Presented here in its original form, this fascinating thesis is one of the key documents in the history of mathematics and computer science.
Everyone knows the story of the codebreaker and computer science pioneer Alan Turing. Except ... When Dermot Turing is asked about his famous uncle, people want to know more than the bullet points of his life. They want to know everything – was Alan Turing actually a codebreaker? What did he make of artificial intelligence? What is the significance of Alan Turing's trial, his suicide, the Royal Pardon, the £50 note and the film The Imitation Game? In Reflections of Alan Turing, Dermot strips off the layers to uncover the real story. It's time to discover a fresh legacy of Alan Turing for the twenty-first century.
December, 1932 In the bathroom of a Belgian hotel, a French spymaster photographs top-secret documents – the operating instructions of the cipher machine, Enigma. A few weeks later a mathematician in Warsaw begins to decipher the coded communications of the Third Reich and lays the foundations for the code-breaking operation at Bletchley Park. The co-operation between France, Britain and Poland is given the cover-name 'X, Y & Z'. December, 1942 It is the middle of World War Two. The Polish code-breakers have risked their lives to continue their work inside Vichy France, even as an uncertain future faces their homeland. Now they are on the run from the Gestapo. People who know the Enigma secret are not supposed to be in the combat zone, so MI6 devises a plan to exfiltrate them. If it goes wrong, if they are caught, the consequences could be catastrophic for the Allies. Based on original research and newly released documents, X, Y & Z is the exhilarating story of those who risked their lives to protect the greatest secret of World War Two.
Today computers shape every aspect of our lives. In our pockets, we carry mobile phones with computing power that was unimaginable just 50 years ago. Many industries are embracing the promises - and the risks - of artificial intelligence. The world is changing faster than ever, and computing is at the heart of technological development. Dermot Turing explores the history of this rapidly evolving technology, from the Charles Babbage and his experiments with steam powered calculators to the computerised Go champion, AlphaGo. Featuring wonderful, full-colour images which illustrate this history, The Story of Computing is the essential guide to a subject that none of us can ignore. Topics include: • The birth of the computer • Codebreaking in World War II • Innovations in hardware and software • Artificial intelligence • The internet • The challenges of cybersecurity.
Turing writes on codebreaking with understandable authority and compelling panache.' - Michael Smith, bestselling author of Station X. At Bletchley Park, some of Britain's most talented mathematicians, linguists, and intellectuals were assembled to break Nazi codes. Kept secret for nearly thirty years, we have now come to realise the crucial role that these codebreakers played in the Allied victory in World War II. Written by Dermot Turing - the nephew of famous codebreaker Alan Turing - this illustrated account provides unique insight into the behind-the-scenes action at Bletchley Park. Discover how brilliant and eccentric individuals such as Dilly Knox, Alan Turing and Joan Clarke were recruited, the social life that grew up around the park, and how they dealt with the ever-present burden of secrecy. Including a foreword by Professor Christopher Andrew of Cambridge University, author of MI5's official history The Secret World, this book brings to life the stories of the men and women who toiled day and night to crack the seemingly unbreakable enigma code.
Mathematical Logic is a collection of the works of one of the leading figures in 20th-century science. This collection of A.M. Turing's works is intended to include all his mature scientific writing, including a substantial quantity of unpublished material. His work in pure mathematics and mathematical logic extended considerably further; the work of his last years, on morphogenesis in plants, is also of the greatest originality and of permanent importance. This book is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on computability and ordinal logics and covers Turing's work between 1937 and 1938. The second part covers type theory; it provides a general introduction to Turing's work on type theory and covers his published and unpublished works between 1941 and 1948. Finally, the third part focuses on enigmas, mysteries, and loose ends. This concluding section of the book discusses Turing's Treatise on the Enigma, with excerpts from the Enigma Paper. It also delves into Turing's papers on programming and on minimum cost sequential analysis, featuring an excerpt from the unpublished manuscript. This book will be of interest to mathematicians, logicians, and computer scientists.
Turing writes on codebreaking with understandable authority and compelling panache.' - Michael Smith, bestselling author of Station X. The Enigma cipher was supposed to be the German's impenetrable defence for its military communications against prying eyes during World War II. All manner of secrets were entrusted to it. When the Allies finally managed to crack the code, it heralded a turning point in the war. Written by Dermot Turing - the nephew of famous codebreaker Alan Turing - The Enigma Story reveals the efforts of the codebreakers at Bletchley Park, the machines called 'bombes' specially designed to break it, and the vast resources devoted in America to decrypting German messages. From the cloak-and-dagger heroics of men like Hans-Thilo Schmidt and Gustave Bertrand to the brilliant mathematical discoveries of men like Henryk Zygalski and Dilly Knox to the fraught decision-making of Allied High Command, the battle for the code was at the heart of the Allied victory in World War II. This extraordinary tale of intrigue, ingenuity and courage brings to life the complete story of the Enigma in a lively and entertaining narrative.
So is described one of the greatest figures of the twentieth century, yet someone who was barely known beyond mathematical corridors till the revelations in the 1970s. It was then that Alan Turing's critical contributions to the breaking of the German Enigma code, along with the circumstances of his suicide at the height of his powers, became widely known. From the rather odd, precocious, gauche boy through an adolescence in which his mathematical ability began to blossom, to the achievements of his maturity, the story of Turing's life fascinates. In the years since his suicide, Turing's reputation has only grown, as his contributions to logic, mathematics, computing, artificial intelligence and computational biology have become better appreciated. To commemorate the centenary of Turing's birth, this republication of his mother's biography, unavailable for many years, is enriched by a new foreword by Martin Davis and a never-before published memoir by Alan's older brother, which sheds new light on Alan's relationship with his family, and on the man himself"--
The post-trading industry is one in which financial firms make money and one in which risk issues need careful management. Reliable payment, clearing and settlement structures are perceived to be essential to enable financial firms to withstand shocks. A great deal of the cost of trading and cross-border investment is attributed to the very complex process of clearing and settlement. This book describes and explains: 1. what happens in clearing and settlement, and the roles of (and risks assumed by) the various participants in the post-trade marketplace 2. the law applicable to infrastructures, how they are are regulated, and the other topographical features of their legal landscape 3. the legal and practical aspects of risk management and operations of infrastructures 4. the risks faced by participants in payment, clearing and settlement systems - the agent banks - along with practical and operational issues which they face in their roles. Fully revised, updates for the 3rd edition include: - Implications and impact of Brexit - CPMI and IOSCO paper on central counterparty default (CCP) management auctions - cyber-security and the resilience of financial market infrastructures (FMIs) and the wider market ecosystem.
In an age where the world is perpetually captivated by the ceaseless march of technological marvels, there remains an enduring enchantment with the fairy tales of old. These ageless narratives, brimming with stories of love, heroism, and profound lessons, have traversed centuries, resonating deeply within the souls of both the young and the seasoned. The inception of "AI Fairytales for the Curious Mind - Stories of Innovation, Invention, and the Future of Humanity" emerges from an insatiable curiosity: a desire to weave the ageless wisdom and magnetic allure of these tales with the expansive horizons of tomorrow. It is an audacious endeavour, spotlighting our cherished narratives from the past and transposing them into the electrifying and occasionally uncharted realms of a future moulded by artificial intelligence. This compendium strives to breathe new life into the heart of classic fairy tales, relocating them to a sphere where AI isn't just a fleeting concept but an intrinsic thread in the tapestry of daily existence. Through these stories, my ambition has been to explore the multifaceted relationship between humanity and artificial intelligence deeply. I have endeavoured to paint a world where this coexistence's challenges, triumphs, and philosophical dilemmas come to the fore. Every tale within these pages propels readers into a future where the known lands of tradition intersect with the unknown, where age-old parables and lessons converge and often conflict with the vast potentialities and predicaments of groundbreaking technological advancements. Penning "AI Fairytales For the Curious Mind" has been a journey. It is a bridge that arches gracefully over the past's nostalgic rivers, leading to the towering skyscrapers of an imagined tomorrow. This collection encapsulates a dream, a vision, and, most importantly, a conversation between epochs. As you immerse yourself in these tales, may they evoke the enchantment of ancient fables while simultaneously stirring contemplation about humanity's evolving narrative in this exhilarating era of machines and digital wonders.
EverQuest What?"" delves into the revolutionary massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) that transformed the gaming industry and digital culture. This comprehensive exploration examines EverQuest's technical infrastructure, social dynamics, and lasting influence on virtual worlds and online gaming experiences. The book argues that EverQuest marked a pivotal turning point, demonstrating the potential for virtual worlds to foster complex social structures, economies, and narratives. Readers are taken on a journey through EverQuest's development, from its inception to its evolution, highlighting how it overcame technical challenges to create a fully realized 3D world where thousands of players could interact simultaneously. The book delves into fascinating aspects of the game, such as the emergence of virtual economies with real-world implications and the formation of intricate online communities within the game's virtual space. Progressing through four main sections, the book covers: 1. Core MMORPG concepts 2. Technical aspects of maintaining a persistent online world 3. Social dynamics within EverQuest 4. Its lasting legacy By combining primary sources, academic research, and engaging narratives, ""EverQuest What?"" offers a multifaceted analysis that appeals to game developers, technology enthusiasts, and social scientists alike, providing valuable insights into the evolution of online communities and virtual worlds.
Android vs iPhone: A Layman's Guide to the Smartphone Divide"" tackles the complex world of mobile technology, focusing on the two dominant forces in the industry. This accessible book explores the fundamental differences between Android and iPhone through three key areas: operating systems, hardware ecosystems, and user experience. It argues that smartphone choice goes beyond features, reflecting personal needs and preferences in our increasingly digital lives. The book guides readers through a logical progression, starting with basic concepts of mobile operating systems and hardware before delving into specific characteristics of Android and iPhone. It then examines how these differences impact real-world usage scenarios, discussing implications for privacy, productivity, and digital lifestyle. What sets this guide apart is its focus on the average user, prioritizing practical concerns over technical specifications. It incorporates case studies, expert interviews, and interdisciplinary connections to psychology and economics, grounding complex concepts in relatable contexts. By balancing informative content with accessibility, this book empowers readers to make informed decisions about their technology use. It addresses controversies objectively, encouraging readers to form opinions based on facts rather than brand loyalty. Whether you're a curious teenager or an adult seeking to navigate the smartphone landscape, this guide offers valuable insights into the Android vs iPhone divide.
Candy Crush History"" unveils the captivating journey of how a simple mobile game became a global phenomenon, reshaping the landscape of casual gaming and digital entertainment. This book explores the development, rapid rise, and industry-wide influence of Candy Crush Saga, offering valuable insights for game developers, marketers, and technology entrepreneurs. The book argues that Candy Crush's success wasn't mere luck, but a perfect storm of innovative game design, strategic marketing, and technological timing. It delves into the psychological principles behind addictive game mechanics and the freemium business model that dominates the app economy. Through exclusive interviews and industry data, readers gain unique insights into the decision-making processes that propelled Candy Crush to stardom. Structured chronologically, the book guides readers through Candy Crush's evolution, from its core mechanics to its explosive growth and lasting impact on digital culture. It explores interdisciplinary connections to psychology, economics, and sociology, offering a comprehensive analysis of how a single game transformed into a cultural phenomenon. This engaging narrative balances technical details with accessible explanations, making it an invaluable resource for understanding the forces shaping our digital landscape.
Markets and Bazaars such as hans, bedestans, arastas or squares, both open or covered have been the most vivid and colorful side of socio-economic life for thousands of years. Being an inseparable part of our lives, some of those markets have always been packed with customers while others have waited for their few but special customers. Markets have always played an eminent role in our lives by adding dynamism to social life.
Changes to the regulatory system introduced after the financial crisis include not only mandatory clearing of OTC derivatives at central counterparties and margining of uncleared derivatives, but also prudential measures, including notably a “Liquidity Coverage Ratio” which obliges firms to set aside high-quality liquid assets (HQLA) as a stopgap against anticipated cash outflows. We examine factors which may affect the demand for HQLA in a severely stressed market following a hypothetical default of a major clearing member. Immediately following a major default, the amount of HQLA demanded by the whole market would spike. We estimate the size of the spike and draw conclusions as to whether the depth of the market is adequate to absorb it.
Communication Technology"" offers a comprehensive exploration of how modern connectivity shapes our digital world, examining the intricate web of technologies that enable global communication. The book uniquely bridges technical complexity with practical applications, making it accessible to both IT professionals and business leaders while maintaining technical accuracy throughout its discussion of digital infrastructure, device ecosystems, and communication protocols. The journey begins with fundamental concepts of signal transmission and network architecture, progressing through three main sections that build upon each other. First, readers explore the technical foundations, including electromagnetic spectrum usage and the workings of fiber optics and cellular networks. The second section traces the evolution of communication devices from telegraphs to modern IoT devices and 5G networks, while the final section delves into the protocols and standards that enable worldwide connectivity. What distinguishes this work is its integrated approach to combining technical precision with real-world applications, supported by research from telecommunications engineering and computer science. Through detailed diagrams, case studies, and empirical data, the book illuminates how communication technologies influence both human behavior and organizational dynamics. It addresses contemporary concerns about cybersecurity and privacy while looking ahead to emerging trends like quantum communication and artificial intelligence in telecommunications, making it an invaluable resource for understanding the rapidly evolving landscape of digital communication.
Electronic Surveillance"" delves into the pervasive world of digital monitoring, exploring the technologies, entities, and implications of modern surveillance. The book examines how our daily lives are increasingly scrutinized through sophisticated AI-driven platforms, far beyond simple CCTV systems. It highlights the delicate balance between potential benefits, such as crime prevention, and the risks to individual privacy and democratic freedoms. The text progresses from introducing key surveillance concepts to exploring their applications by governments, corporations, and individuals. It culminates in an analysis of societal impacts and proposes regulatory frameworks. Drawing on academic research, government reports, and case studies, the book offers a comprehensive view of electronic surveillance's technical, psychological, and ethical dimensions. It stands out for its accessible approach, combining technical explanations with real-world examples to make complex concepts understandable to a general audience interested in technology and civil liberties. Throughout its chapters, ""Electronic Surveillance"" addresses crucial topics such as data collection methods, cybersecurity challenges, and the evolution of privacy rights in the digital age. It provides practical guidance on protecting personal privacy and discusses ongoing debates surrounding national security needs versus individual rights. By offering a nuanced perspective on this critical issue, the book equips readers with the knowledge to navigate and engage meaningfully in discussions about our increasingly monitored world.
Final Fantasy Story"" explores the evolution of one of gaming's most influential franchises, examining its technological advancements, storytelling innovations, and impact on the JRPG genre. The book traces the series' journey from a last-ditch effort by a struggling company to a global phenomenon that has shaped the gaming industry for over three decades. Readers will discover how Final Fantasy consistently pushed technological boundaries while maintaining a strong narrative focus, a combination that ensured its longevity and widespread influence. The book highlights intriguing aspects of the franchise's development, such as the transition from 2D to 3D graphics and the challenges of adapting to various gaming platforms. It also delves into the series' role in reflecting and influencing Japanese popular culture. Structured chronologically, the book guides readers through major turning points in Final Fantasy's history, from its 1987 debut to modern entries and remakes. By combining technical analysis with cultural context, ""Final Fantasy Story"" offers a comprehensive look at how technological advancements, creative vision, and market forces interplay in the evolution of a gaming phenomenon. This approach makes it a valuable resource for game developers, technology enthusiasts, and students of digital media alike.
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