A User's Guide to Patents, Fifth Edition provides guidance on the areas of European and UK patent law and procedure that are most important in day-to-day practice. This new edition sets out how patents can be obtained, exploited and enforced and addresses wider public policy aspects of patents and their economic significance, as well as past and likely future trends that affect legal practitioners. It is essential reading for IP practitioners, solicitors and barristers, patent attorneys, in-house lawyers, management executives and inventors. Unique selling points: Explains how patents can be exploited and enforced by reference to the most recent UK and EPO case law Identifies and discusses the different patent law issues that can arise in specific industrial sectors Full tabulation of all English patent validity and infringement decisions given after full trial since 1997 Addresses wider public policy aspects of patents and their economic significance, as well as past and likely future trends in the field, both in Europe and internationally The following relevant developments are included: The new UK law as to infringement by equivalents following Actavis v Lilly (UKSC 2017) The degree to which new types of plant, produced by using certain modern biotechnological techniques, can be patented in the light of the exclusion for 'products obtained by essentially biological processes' and the ongoing controversy as to this between the EPO, the EPO Boards of Appeal and the EU The developing case law in the UK and the EPO on plausibility in the context of insufficiency and obviousness The Unjustified Threats Act 2017 and other procedural developments, such as those involving Arrow type declarations of obviousness Developments in standards related patent litigation, as in Unwired Planet v Huawei (Patents Court 2017, CA 2018)
This is a superbly entertaining overview of the Church of England over the last fifty years. The image of Sung Evensong may seem timeless, but the patterns of Anglican worship have changed continuously. Beginning with the great Victorian modernisers who stamped their taste on music as much as church buildings, we are taken on a memorable and entertaining musical tour that takes in: the impact of the Wesleys, the publication of "Hymns Ancient & Modern", the great organ builders, Willis and Walker, Vaughan Williams and the "English Hymnal", the Royal School of Church Music, The hymn writing explosion and the electronic age. All this and more presented here in Trevor's inimitable and sharply observant style.
Against the backdrop of an alienating, technologizing and ever-accelerating world of material production, this book tells an intimate story: one about a community of woodworkers training at an historic institution in London’s East End during the present ‘renaissance of craftsmanship’. The animated and scholarly accounts of learning, achievement and challenges reveal the deep human desire to create with our hands, the persistent longing to find meaningful work, and the struggle to realise dreams. In its penetrating explorations of the nature of embodied skill, the book champions greater appreciation for the dexterity, ingenuity and intelligence that lie at the heart of craftwork.
This report contains an introduction, which provides a description of the main features and events of the season. A profile of the participating clubs, provides information about the meetings, officials and major events of the season. All matches of the season are presented in chronological order and include descriptions of the play, as documented in newspaper reports together with a summary. Club records for the season are presented in a table format, which provides match by match details including players, scores, venue, date and teams. Finally, a description for each known player for the season, with their notable events and circumstances
Ducks are kept for profit in a great diversity of circumstances in both temperate and tropical climates. Outlining the biology of the domestic duck, this book also combines the authors' considerable practical and scientific experience to provide quantitative descriptions of nutritional and environmental effects on growing and breeding ducks, as well as practical advice on husbandry, housing and management. Peter Cherry worked as Development Manager for a major duck producer before assuming a world-wide role as a consultant. Trevor Morris is a world-renowned poultry scientist who has also worked as a duck consultant. Their combined knowledge of the duck and the duck industry is thus unparalleled.
Drugs and the Future presents 13 reviews collected to present the new advances in all areas of addiction research, including knowledge gained from mapping the human genome, the improved understanding of brain pathways and functions that are stimulated by addictive drugs, experimental and clinical psychology approaches to addiction and treatment, as well as both ethical considerations and social policy. The book also includes chapters on the history of addictive substances and some personal narratives of addiction. Introduced by Sir David King, Science Advisory to the UK Government and head of the Office of Science and Technology, and Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse in the USA, the book uniquely covers the full range of disciplines which can provide insight into the future of addiction, from genetics to the humanities. Written for a scientific audience, it is also applicable to non-specialists as well. - Provides an unique overview of what we know about addiction, and how scientific knowledge can and should be applied in the societal, ethical, and political context - Applies the state-of-the-art research in fields such as Genomics, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Social Policy and Ethics to addiction research - Includes a preface by Sir David King, Science Advisory to the UK Government and head of the Office of Science and Technology, and in introduction by Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse in the USA
This report contains an introduction, which provides a description of the main features and events of the season. A profile of the participating clubs, provides information about the meetings, officials and major events of the season. All matches of the season are presented in chronological order and include descriptions of the play, as documented in newspaper reports together with a summary. Club records for the season are presented in a table format, which provides match by match details including players, scores, venue, date and teams. Finally, a description for each known player for the season, with their notable events and circumstances
A comprehensive report of the 1883 South Australian Football Association season with match reports, player profiles and match ststistics. Records up to the 1883 are included.
Since 1944, the Jamaican people, without ethnic or religious strife, civil war, military coup, one-party dictatorship, assassination of political leaders, insurgency or genocide, have voted out governments and voted in opposition parties in free and fair elections - a record in democratic governance equalled by only a handful of states worldwide. In this volume, Adult Suffrage and Poltical Administrations in Jamaica 1944-2002, Trevor Munroe and Arnold Bertram, both active participants in this process, document critical aspects of this record." "Key features include: the elections through which the consolidation of democracy occurred; the representatives - their gender, education, occupation, age - whom the people chose to form 13 successive governments and parliaments; the laws that the legislature passed and the institutions governments established in building a modern democratic state; advances and failures - political, economic, social and cultural - of each administration; comparison of the performances of successive adminstrations; and the critical challenges facing the Jamaican people and the new leaders."--BOOK JACKET.
This comprehensive study of the psychology of language explores how we speak, read, remember, learn and understand language. The author examines each of these aspects in detail.
Anaerobic Bacteriology: Clinical and Laboratory Practice, Third edition discusses the importance of the non-sporing anaerobic bacteria as a significant cause of infection in man. This edition updates the anaerobic methodology, systematics, and ecological and pathogenetic associations of the non-sporing anaerobes. The descriptive bacteriology of the non-clostridial anaerobes and clinical syndromes produced by them in man are also considered. Other topics discussed include the anaerobic jar, inoculation of media, and antibiotic susceptibility testing of anaerobes. The histotoxic clostridia of infected wounds, anaerobic cocci, and infections related to the gastrointestinal tract are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the uterine gas gangrenous infections and other clostridial infections. This book is a good source for medical practitioners, clinicians, and medical students concerned with anaerobic bacteria.
In this important new and controversial study about the nature and focus of the Japanese economic agenda, the author argues forcefully that the official mind-set of leading bureaucrats, top politicians and big business, makes it virtually impossible for the western industrialized world to do business on an equal footing. Put simply, it is a question of western free-market economics facing Japanese economic nationalism, which is, by its very nature, both an expansive and a protectionist ideology. International observers continue to ask is Japan changing?' or more forcefully, is Japan capable of change?'. Notions of reform' and restructuring' are today part of the Japanese lexicon, but appear to hold little substance. Trevor argues that any western notion of Japan changing fundamentally (i.e. adopting western, or Anglo-Saxon, philosophies) is facile completely unrealistic. This book is for everyone who wonders what motivates Japan's politico-economic system, and whether it is changing.
Examining the lives of 460 of the wealthiest men who lived in colonial Maryland, Burnard traces the development of this elite from a hard-living, profit-driven merchant-planter class in the seventeenth century to a more genteel class of plantation owners in the eighteenth century. This study innovatively compares these men to their counterparts elsewhere in the British Empire, including absentee Caribbean landowners and East Indian nabobs, illustrating their place in the Atlantic economic network.
The law of trusts is a subject of considerable importance in the Commonwealth Caribbean. Traditional areas, such as testamentary trusts, resulting and constructive trusts, and charitable trusts, are now fully incorporated into the mainstream substantive law of the region, while the principles associated with offshore trust regimes are constantly expanding and developing. This book has been updated to reflect new case law and legislation, and to highlight recent trends relating to both traditional and offshore trusts.
An indigenous canon of letters, Ross argues, had been both the hope and aim of English authors since the Middle Ages. Early authors believed that promoting the idea of a national literature would help publicize their work and favour literary production in the vernacular. Ross places these early gestures toward canon-making in the context of the highly rhetorical habits of thought that dominated medieval and Renaissance culture, habits that were gradually displaced by an emergent rationalist understanding of literary value. He shows that, beginning in the late seventeenth century, canon-makers became less concerned with how English literature was produced than with how it was read and received.
What is the difference between a stabbing in a tavern in London and one in a hostelry in the South of France? What happens when a spinster living in Paris finds knight in her bedroom wanting to marry her? Why was there a crime wave following the Black Death? From Aberdeen to Cracow and from Stockholm to Sardinia, Trevor Dean ranges widely throughout medieval Europe in this exiting and innovative history of lawlessness and criminal justice. Drawing on the real-life stories of ordinary men and women who often found themselves at the sharp end of the law, he shows how it was often one rule for the rich and another for the poor in a tangled web of judicial corruption.
PTCJ shines on empirical detail and an illuminating account of how policy transfer works in criminal justice. ...highly recommended for readers interested in understanding the current state of criminal justice policy." Political Studies Review "A very interesting book and excellent at setting the context of criminal justice policies in the UK. Thoroughly researched and written in an engaging style." Tina Eadie, Senior Lecturer, De Montfort University Since the late 1980s, it seems that policy-makers and politicians in the UK have increasingly looked West across the Atlantic for inspiration in the field of crime control. More broadly, recent years have seen a growing focus upon the extent to which, and ways in which, policy ideas and practices travel within and across national boundaries. Scholars from a number of disciplines have become increasingly interested in the concepts of ‘policy transfer’ and related ideas. This book contains the first major empirical study of policy transfer in the field of criminal justice and crime control. It focuses upon policy transfer from the USA to the UK, and undertakes a detailed examination of the processes of policy change in three key areas that have been widely perceived as imports from the USA: the privatization of corrections, ‘two’ and ‘three strikes’ sentencing, and ‘zero tolerance’ policing. Drawing upon a wealth of documentary evidence and interviews with leading politicians, policy makers and other key players in policy developments, the authors explore the complex processes involved in policy transfer and analyse the nature and degree of US influence in these areas.
This comprehensive edited volume contains analysis and explanation of the nature, extent, patterns and causes of over 40 different forms of crime, in each case drawing attention to key contemporary debates and social and criminal justice responses.
More and more, intellectual property disputes tend to be multijurisdictional in nature, and parties everywhere are turning to international arbitration as the most promising means of resolution. Although these two legal specialisms ' intellectual
Newark-on-Trent's position at the crossroads of the Great North Road and Fosse Way plus the Great North Eastern and Midland railway lines left inhabitants endlessly fearful that it would be a prime target when rather than if the Germans attacked England from the North Sea. The East Midlands town had been besieged during the Civil War; and the Vicar of the Parish Church lost no time in August 1914 urging the menfolk to keep the enemy far from the town's boundaries. Thousands left their rat-invested hovels to fight for King and Country. Their womenfolk took their places in factories that switched from making wooden buildings and agricultural machinery to manufacturing munitions. The children were taught for only half-days after their schools became barracks for trainee soldiers, were encouraged to spend their holidays working on farms and were allowed to leave education aged only 13 so that they could start work.As featured on BBC Radio Nottingham and in the Newark Advertiser and Bingham Advertiser.
Cited over 1900 times, this classic text facilitates a deep understanding of the Rasch model. The authors review the crucial properties of the model and demonstrate its use with a variety of examples from education, psychology, and health. A glossary and numerous illustrations aid the reader's understanding. Readers learn how to apply Rasch analysis so they can perform their own analyses and interpret the results. The authors present an accessible overview that does not require a mathematical background. Highlights of the new edition include: -More learning tools to strengthen readers’ understanding including chapter introductions, boldfaced key terms, chapter summaries, activities, and suggested readings. -Divided chapters (4, 6, 7 & 8) into basic and extended understanding sections so readers can select the level most appropriate for their needs and to provide more in-depth investigations of key topics. -A website at www.routledge.com/9780415833424 that features free Rasch software, data sets, an Invariance worksheet, detailed instructions for key analyses, and links to related sources. -Greater emphasis on the role of Rasch measurement as a priori in the construction of scales and its use post hoc to reveal the extent to which interval scale measurement is instantiated in existing data sets. -Emphasizes the importance of interval level measurement data and demonstrates how Rasch measurement is used to examine measurement invariance. -Insights from other Rasch scholars via innovative applications (Ch. 9). -Extended discussion of invariance now reviews DIF, DPF, and anchoring (ch. 5). -Revised Rating Scale Model material now based on the analysis of the CEAQ (ch.6). -Clarifies the relationships between Rasch measurement, True Score Theory, and Item Response Theory by reviewing their commonalities and differences (Ch.13). -Provides more detail on how to conduct a Rasch analysis so readers can use the techniques on their own (Appendix B). Intended as a text for graduate courses in measurement, item response theory, (advanced) research methods or quantitative analysis taught in psychology, education, human development, business, and other social and health sciences, professionals in these areas also appreciate the book‘s accessible introduction.
This controversial study examines Japan's 'economic nationalism' which forms the basis of central government policy, i.e. the system in which business and politics are inseparable and which impacts on Japan's relations with the world.
What is the role of literary writing in democratic society? Building upon his previous work on the emergence of “literature,” Trevor Ross offers a history of how the public function of literature changed as a result of developing press freedoms during the period from 1760 to 1810. Writing in Public examines the laws of copyright, defamation, and seditious libel to show what happened to literary writing once certain forms of discourse came to be perceived as public and entitled to freedom from state or private control. Ross argues that—with liberty of expression becoming entrenched as a national value—the legal constraints on speech had to be reconceived, becoming less a set of prohibitions on its content than an arrangement for managing the public sphere. The public was free to speak on any subject, but its speech, jurists believed, had to follow certain ground rules, as formalized in laws aimed at limiting private ownership of culturally significant works, maintaining civility in public discourse, and safeguarding public deliberation from the coercions of propaganda. For speech to be truly free, however, there had to be an enabling exception to the rules. Since the late eighteenth century, Ross suggests, the role of this exception has been performed by the idea of literature. Literature is valued as the form of expression that, in allowing us to say anything and in any form, attests to our liberty. Yet, paradoxically, it is only by occupying no definable place within the public sphere that literature can remain as indeterminate as the public whose self-reinvention it serves.
Taking a fresh and modern approach to the subject, this fully revised and restructured textbook provides everything necessary to gain a good understanding of international commercial litigation. Adopting a comparative stance, it provides extensive coverage of US and Commonwealth law, in addition to the core areas of English and EU law. Extracts from key cases and legislative acts are designed to meet the practical requirements of litigators as well as explaining the ideas behind legal provisions. Significant updates include new material on the recast of the Brussels I Regulation, the impact of EU law on choice-of-court agreements and arbitration agreements, and controversial decisions on antisuit injunctions. A companion website features important updates to the law.
As with any enterprise involving violence and lots of money, running a plantation in early British America was a serious and brutal enterprise. Beyond resources and weapons, a plantation required a significant force of cruel and rapacious men men who, as Trevor Burnard sees it, lacked any better options for making money. In the contentious Planters, Merchants, and Slaves, Burnard argues that white men did not choose to develop and maintain the plantation system out of virulent racism or sadism, but rather out of economic logic because to speak bluntly it worked. These economically successful and ethically monstrous plantations required racial divisions to exist, but their successes were always measured in gold, rather than skin or blood. Burnard argues that the best example of plantations functioning as intended is not those found in the fractious and poor North American colonies, but those in their booming and integrated commercial hub, Jamaica. Sure to be controversial, this book is a major intervention in the scholarship on slavery, economic development, and political power in early British America, mounting a powerful and original argument that boldly challenges historical orthodoxy."--
Odo of Conteville, the younger half-brother of William the Conqueror, was ordained Bishop of Bayeux while still in his teens. A larger than life character, he is best known for commissioning the Bayeaux Tapestry, in which he makes a dashing appearance at the height of the Battle of Hastings. He also played a pivotal role in the planning and implementation of the Conquest of England, after which, as Earl of Kent, he was second only to William in wealth and power.The popular impression of Odo is of a not so loveable rogue, who typified the worst excesses of the Norman conquerors. He was the first Chief Justice of England and on occasion also acted as regent when the king was in Normandy. After defrauding both Crown and Church, however, Odo was disgraced and his plans to raise an unauthorised army for a campaign in Italy, possibly in order to gain the papacy, saw him imprisoned for five years. He was released by the dying William in 1087, but soon rebelled against the new king, his nephew William Rufus.Yet Odo was far from being a loutish philistine. The bishop recognised the value of education and the arts and amongst his less well-known activities was his generous patronage of both. Trevor Rowley’s book is the first full-length biography of Odo, which seeks to redress this balance and to make Bishop Odo’s extraordinary life-story known.TREVOR ROWLEY was Deputy Director of Continuing Education at the University of Oxford for fifteen years. He is an Emeritus Fellow of Kellogg College, Oxford and a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. He has written numerous books, including The Normans and The Welsh Borderland (THP). He lives in Oxfordshire.
The Atlantic in World History, 1490-1830 looks at the historical connections between four continents – Africa, Europe, North America and South America – through the lens of Atlantic history. It shows how the Atlantic has been more than just an ocean: it has been an important site of circulation and transmission, allowing exchanges and interchanges which have profoundly shaped the development of the world. Divided into four thematic sections, Trevor Burnard's sweeping yet concise narrative covers the period from the voyages of Columbus to the New World in the 1490s through to the end of the Age of Revolutions around 1830. It deals with key topics including the Columbian exchange, Atlantic slavery and abolition, war as a global phenomenon, the Age of Revolution, religious conversion, nation-building, trade and commerce and intellectual movements such as the Enlightenment. Rather than focusing on the 'rise of the West', Burnard stresses the interactive nature of encounters between various parts of the world, setting local case studies within his broader interconnected narrative. Written by a leading historian of Atlantic history, and including further reading lists, images and maps as well as a companion website featuring discussion questions, timelines and primary source extracts, this is an essential book for students of Atlantic and world history.
For a long time, the Norman Conquest has been viewed as a turning point in English history; an event which transformed English identity, sovereignty, kingship, and culture. The years between 1066 and 1086 saw the largest transfer of property ever seen in English History, comparable in scale, if not greater, than the revolutions in France in 1789 and Russia in 1917. This transfer and the means to achieve it had a profound effect upon the English and Welsh landscape, an impact that is clearly visible almost 1,000 years afterwards. Although there have been numerous books examining different aspects of the British landscape, this is the first to look specifically at the way in which the Normans shaped our towns and countryside. The castles, abbeys, churches and cathedrals built in the new Norman Romanesque style after 1066 represent the most obvious legacy of what was effectively a colonial take-over of England. Such phenomena furnished a broader landscape that was fashioned to intimidate and demonstrate the Norman dominance of towns and villages. The devastation that followed the Conquest, characterised by the ‘Harrying of the North’, had a long-term impact in the form of new planned settlements and agriculture. The imposition of Forest Laws, restricting hunting to the Norman king and the establishment of a military landscape in areas such as the Welsh Marches, had a similar impact on the countryside.
In the 1800s, an Australian monk named Gregor Mendel was experimenting on pea plants as he tried to learn how a single cell could grow into an entire human. Today we can see the results of his work in almost every aspect of modern medicine. This book explores genetics through its long and controversial history to how its discoveries have shaped modern society.
The Trouble with Higher Education is a powerful and topical critique of the Higher Education system in the UK, with relevance to countries with similar systems. Based on the authors’ experiences that span over 30+ years of fieldwork, the issues discussed focus on the problems facing the principle responsibilities of universities: teaching, learning and research. The first half of the book identifies a number of problems that have followed the growth of mass education. It examines their causes and explains their damaging effects. The second half of the book offers a broad vision and makes a number of practical suggestions for ameliorating the problems and improving higher education. Supported by research, the suggestions include: ways of managing universities; proper inspection; better ways of organising students’ learning; improving teaching and learning; better approaches to assessment, and the proper use of ideas such as learning outcomes. Topics discussed include: Chronic under-funding, the replacement of student grants with loans and the introduction of tuition fees. The growth of managerialism. The emphasis on accountability and decline of trust. The growth of a competitive, market ethos. Modular degrees, knowledge treated as a commodity and students seen as customers. The drift towards a two-tiered system, with teaching colleges and research universities. Casualisation of the academic profession. The Trouble with Higher Education is aimed primarily at a professional audience of academics, educationalists, managers, administrators and policy makers, but would interest anyone concerned about higher education. It is suited to professional development courses, and Master’s and doctoral level studies.
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