This comprehensive edited volume contains analysis and explanation of the nature, extent, patterns and causes of over 40 different forms of crime, in each case drawing attention to key contemporary debates and social and criminal justice responses.
This introduction to the mathematics of incompressible fluid mechanics and its applications keeps prerequisites to a minimum – only a background knowledge in multivariable calculus and differential equations is required. Part One covers inviscid fluid mechanics, guiding readers from the very basics of how to represent fluid flows through to the incompressible Euler equations and many real-world applications. Part Two covers viscous fluid mechanics, from the stress/rate of strain relation to deriving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, through to Beltrami flows, the Reynolds number, Stokes flows, lubrication theory and boundary layers. Also included is a self-contained guide on the global existence of solutions to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Students can test their understanding on 100 progressively structured exercises and look beyond the scope of the text with carefully selected mini-projects. Based on the authors' extensive teaching experience, this is a valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate students across mathematics, science, and engineering.
The Art of Comprehension' [creates] an invisible thread that stretches across varied professional contexts to connect art, literacy, and all content areas. From the forward by Dr. Mary Howard ' The Art of Comprehension: Exploring Visual Texts to Foster Comprehension, Conversation, and Confidence, Trevor A. Bryan introduces his signature method for enhancing students' understanding and thinking about all textsboth written and visual. By using what he calls 'access lenses (such as faces, body language, sound/silence) you can prompt all your students to became active explorers and meaning-makers. Organically and spontaneously, your classroom will become more student-centered.' ' Discover inventive ways to prompt students to notice, think about, and synthesize visualsusing the same observation and comprehension skills they can bring to reading and writing Learn about ways to unravel layers of meaning in picture books, chapter books, artwork, poetry, and informational text Explore the book's eclectic collection of art and illustration, by acclaimed illustrator Peter H. Reynolds, 19th century masters, and more. Bryan's approach allows all students to engage meaningfully with texts and join the classroom conversation.' With this comes the greatest reward of all: confidence and independence for all kinds of learners.
Freelance journalist Sig Conrad is shot in the head while elk hunting in the Oregon mountains. He survives but now his memory only lasts one day. A second man, Sig's old high school friend, is killed while swimming in Minnesota, the incident made to look like an accident. When Sig travels from Oregon to Minnesota for his class reunion, he finally starts to remember fleeting moments from his painful past. After another friend dies mysteriously, Sig's memory drifts back more vividly. Through the help of a former classmate and girlfriend, Sig starts to uncover a grand conspiracy of murder and political corruption. Clues lead to a fourth man who is running for the Oregon governorship—a man whom Sig had been writing about before he was shot. Will Sig recall everything before the killer finishes the job?
The Royal Scots are Scotland's oldest infantry regiment, with a tradition that stretches back to 1633. This first concise history of the regiment is based largely on the recollections of several generations of Royal Scots - men like Private McBane, who carried his three-year-old son into battle at Malplaquet, and Private Begbie, the youngest soldier to serve in the First World War. These first-hand accounts take the reader through the great wars of the eighteenth century, when Britain was a rising global power, through the setbacks and the triumphs of the Napoleonic Wars and on to the glorious years of the nineteenth century. The two world wars of the twentieth century saw the Royals expand in size, and there are full accounts of its meritorious service on all the main battle fronts. More recently, the regiment has been involved in operations in the Balkans and Iraq. In 2006, in one of the most radical changes in the country's defence policy, the Royal Scots will be amalgamated into the new Royal Regiment of Scotland. Royal Scots is, therefore, a timely celebration of the British Army's most venerable regiment, right of the line and second to none.
it should be compulsory reading for any nurse working with people who have dementia and should be a core text on courses used to train this profession." Dementia "I'd recommend this book to any health professional working in dementia care. Its commitment to breaking down inter-disciplinary barriers makes it universally applicable." Mental Health Today A rounded account of Community Mental Health Nurses' practice in dementia care has been long overdue. This is the first book to focus on the role of Community Mental Health Nurses in their highly valued work with both people with dementia and their families. This book: Explores the complexity and diversity of Community Mental Health Nurse work Captures perspectives from along the trajectory of dementia Identifies assessment and intervention approaches Discusses an emerging evidence base for implications in practice Contributions to this collection of essays and articles are drawn from Community Mental Health Nurse practitioners and researchers at the forefront of their fields. It is key reading for practitioners, researchers, students, managers and policy makers in the field of community mental health nursing and/or dementia care. Contributors: Trevor Adams, Peter Ashton, Gill Boardman, Angela Carradice, Chris Clark, Charlotte L. Clarke, Jan Dewing, Sue Hahn, Mark Holman, John Keady, Kath Lowery, Jill Manthorpe, Cathy Mawhinney, Anne Mason, Paul McCloskey, Anne McKinley, Linda Miller, Gordon Mitchell, Elinor Moore, Michelle Murray, Mike Nolan, Peter Nolan, Tracy Packer, Sean Page, Marilla Pugh, Helen Pusey, Assumpta Ryan, Alison Soliman, Vicki Traynor, Dot Weaks, Heather Wilkinson.
In 1849, young Melisande and several other children share adventures with artist Rafael le Marre, cousin of the Grand Duke of Letzenstein, when he comes to London to reunite a seven-year-old orphan with his various relatives.
This is an illustrated "graphic history" based on an 1876 court transcript of a West African woman named Abina, who was wrongfully enslaved and took her case to court. The main scenes of the story take place in the courtroom, where Abina strives to convince a series of "important men"--A British judge, two Euro-African attorneys, a wealthy African country "gentleman," and a jury of local leaders --that her rights matter.--Publisher description.
Now in Paperback! Demographic changes in the U.S. are increasing and accelerating diversity. This book provides an in-depth review and analysis of student diversity and how these differences affect learning. Diversities in race, gender, culture, social class, and learning ability are examined, and assessment and multiple intelligences are explored.
Develop your memory assessment expertise with WRAML3 and EMS mastery Essentials of WRAML3 and EMS Assessment allows you to dive deep into the intricacies of memory assessment and gain proficiency in making holistic, meaningful recommendations on the basis of test scores and subjective assessments. Explore the latest enhancements in the third version of WRAML, featuring a Performance Validity measure, heightened emphasis on delayed recall and working memory, more nuanced scoring, and an additional abbreviated format. This book will also help you develop expertise in administering the subjective EMS assessment tool, capturing everyday memory in addition to the more clinical information offered by the WRAML. Understand the nuances of memory assessment with visual cues highlighting crucial points Develop practical expertise with step-by-step guidelines that go beyond the official testing manuals. Gain a deeper knowledge of memory assessment with integrated theoretical and research content Enhance your own professional development or train students and colleagues in a multifaceted memory assessment approach This comprehensive guide will elevate your memory assessment skills for children and adults, ensuring your recommendations are both informed and impactful.
Anyone studying journalism, or training for the industry, will benefit from the broad scope of information and guidance packed into this textbook. Those already employed in journalism or related areas will also find it useful as a reference book. Essential techniques employed by journalists working across all media are supplemented with detailed sections on the workings of public administration, law, health and safety, regulation and training. Each chapter concludes with suggested learning activities and an extensive list of resources for further study and investigation. The approach throughout chapters covering background issues (e.g. law) is 'journalism centred': all topics are related to the interests and concerns of journalists and journalism. Students of the City and Guilds Diploma in Media Techniques will find the book particularly relevant to their studies as it has been developed to reflect the syllabus of this course.
TikTok Broadway: Musical Theatre Fandom in the Digital Age explores how TikTok has revolutionized musical theatre fandom and democratized musical theatre fan cultures and spaces. The book argues that TikTok has created a new canon of musical theatre thanks to the way virality works on the app, expanding musical theatre into a purely digital realm that spills into other, non-digital aspects of U.S. popular culture.
This is the story of Stockwell Day--a small-town politician of modest accomplishments--whom the big boys with the big money, and the handlers with the smarts, thought could be sold as the Great Right Hope. This book chronicles it all: the people, personalities, and politics. Throughout, the question of media image is placed front and centre as the book explores the growing problem of rational democratic politics in an era of celebrity, image, and instant culture.
First published in 1963, this study examines the colony of Georgia's first thirty-five years from the perspective of the British Empire. Being the last of the thirteen colonies, Georgia is well suited for a study on imperial administration because Britain had over a century of experience dealing with the other colonies at the time of its founding. This work explores British motives behind the founding of Georgia, Indian relations from the context of European wars, diplomacy, politics, and economic development. Trevor R. Reese presents the early history and settlement of Georgia as a clear example of the objects, methods, and failings of the old colonial system of the British Empire.
Hardbound. The first point of reference for design engineers, hydraulic technicians, chief engineers, plant engineers, and anyone concerned with the selection, installation, operation or maintenance of hydraulics equipment. The hydraulic industry has seen many changes over recent years and numerous new techniques, components and methods have been introduced. The ninth edition of the Hydraulic Handbook incorporates all these developments to provide a crucial reference manual for practical and technical guidance.
How did faulty or failing eyesight affect the style and technique of writers and artists. How did it affect the way they convey their visual impressions. In a classic study, first published in 1970 and thoroughly revised in 1988, Patrick Trevor-Roper combines his professional knowledge of ophthalmology with his extensive familiarity with art and literature to fascinatingly examine the work of painters, sculptors, poets and prose writers. Looking at the effects of myopia, cataracts, colour blindness, squints and total blindness he speculates on what the impact would have been on artists had they worn glasses. Illustrated with colour reproductions and a wealth of black and white photos, this was a true labour of love from a highly cultured man, erudite and stimulating.
Thomas Beddoes (1760-1808) lived in ‘decidedly interesting times’ in which established orders in politics and science were challenged by revolutionary new ideas. Enthusiastically participating in the heady atmosphere of Enlightenment debate, Beddoes' career suffered from his radical views on politics and science. Denied a professorship at Oxford, he set up a medical practice in Bristol in 1793. Six years later - with support from a range of leading industrialists and scientists including the Wedgwoods, Erasmus Darwin, James Watt, James Keir and others associated with the Lunar Society - he established a Pneumatic Institution for investigating the therapeutic effects of breathing different kinds of ‘air’ on a wide spectrum of diseases. The treatment of the poor, gratis, was an important part of the Pneumatic Institution and Beddoes, who had long concerned himself with their moral and material well-being, published numerous pamphlets and small books about their education, wretched material circumstances, proper nutrition, and the importance of affordable medical facilities. Beddoes’ democratic political concerns reinforced his belief that chemistry and medicine should co-operate to ameliorate the conditions of the poor. But those concerns also polarized the medical profession and the wider community of academic chemists and physicians, many of whom became mistrustful of Beddoes’ projects due to his radical politics. Highlighting the breadth of Beddoes’ concerns in politics, chemistry, medicine, geology, and education (including the use of toys and models), this book reveals how his reforming and radical zeal were exemplified in every aspect of his public and professional life, and made for a remarkably coherent program of change. He was frequently a contrarian, but not without cause, as becomes apparent once he is viewed in the round, as part of the response to the politics and social pressures of the late Enlightenment.
Performance of the Jet Transport Airplane: Analysis Methods, Flight Operations, and Regulations presents a detailed and comprehensive treatment of performance analysis techniques for jet transport airplanes. Uniquely, the book describes key operational and regulatory procedures and constraints that directly impact the performance of commercial airliners. Topics include: rigid body dynamics; aerodynamic fundamentals; atmospheric models (including standard and non-standard atmospheres); height scales and altimetry; distance and speed measurement; lift and drag and associated mathematical models; jet engine performance (including thrust and specific fuel consumption models); takeoff and landing performance (with airfield and operational constraints); takeoff climb and obstacle clearance; level, climbing and descending flight (including accelerated climb/descent); cruise and range (including solutions by numerical integration); payload–range; endurance and holding; maneuvering flight (including turning and pitching maneuvers); total energy concepts; trip fuel planning and estimation (including regulatory fuel reserves); en route operations and limitations (e.g. climb-speed schedules, cruise ceiling, ETOPS); cost considerations (e.g. cost index, energy cost, fuel tankering); weight, balance and trim; flight envelopes and limitations (including stall and buffet onset speeds, V–n diagrams); environmental considerations (viz. noise and emissions); aircraft systems and airplane performance (e.g. cabin pressurization, de-/anti icing, and fuel); and performance-related regulatory requirements of the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) and EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency). Key features: Describes methods for the analysis of the performance of jet transport airplanes during all phases of flight Presents both analytical (closed form) methods and numerical approaches Describes key FAA and EASA regulations that impact airplane performance Presents equations and examples in both SI (Système International) and USC (United States Customary) units Considers the influence of operational procedures and their impact on airplane performance Performance of the Jet Transport Airplane: Analysis Methods, Flight Operations, and Regulations provides a comprehensive treatment of the performance of modern jet transport airplanes in an operational context. It is a must-have reference for aerospace engineering students, applied researchers conducting performance-related studies, and flight operations engineers.
The Proceeds of Crime, this new edition has been fully updated to include all important legislative changes over the last three years, and covers all significant case law, including discussion on the release of restrained funds to meet legal expenses following the decisions of the Court of Appeal in Briggs-Price v RCPO and the rights of innocent spouses in the matrimonial home in Gibson v RCPO. It also covers changes in regulation and enforcement including an examination of the future of civil recovery following the abolition of the Assets Recovery Agency and the transfer of its power to the Serious Organized Crime Agency. The new edition incorporates in-depth coverage of the relevant legislation, with analysis of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 and reference to case law under both the Drug Trafficking Act 1994 and the Criminal Justice Act 1988.
LIQUID GOLD It accomplishes what theorists, from Aristotle to Marx to Galbraith, have failed to produce: a Utopian State - state of mind that is. Because, while attentively listening to its ramblings (or while under its influence if you prefer), the world -for a momentary glimpse of time- is perfect. Your friends are funny, your girlfriend is pretty - the rigors of work a distant fuzzy memory. There exist no obstacles: you possess the pugilistic prowess of Mohammed Ali, Don Juan's charisma, and the financial resources backing Bill Gates. Both regret and fear dwell elsewhere. But, like all good things -as Adam, Eve, the Romans and M.C. Hammer can quantitatively testify- every good time consists of both a beginning and a conclusion. After which, chaos usually reigns: exile to the hinterland, barbarian raiders, creditors with grudges, beer stained jeans, vomit stained jeans, piss stained jeans, beer and vomit and piss stained jeans, nasty headaches, exorbitant Visa and Master-card bills, black-eyes, groveling to your girlfriend, letters of apology to the city, and even an occasional night spent on the hard bench in the local hoosegow! The twin nomads fear and regret have found a new home. Until, that is, they are banished once again, the following weekend (Happy hour at Spud's Pool Party bar & tavern 4 till 7 except Sundays, when it lasts all day) or night if you're lucky-with that first sip of Liquid Gold.
A series of transformations, reforms, and attempted abolitions of slavery form a core narrative of nineteenth-century coastal West Africa. As the region’s role in Atlantic commercial networks underwent a gradual transition from principally that of slave exporter to producer of “legitimate goods” and dependent markets, institutions of slavery became battlegrounds in which European abolitionism, pragmatic colonialism, and indigenous agency clashed. In Slavery and Reform in West Africa, Trevor Getz demonstrates that it was largely on the anvil of this issue that French and British policy in West Africa was forged. With distant metropoles unable to intervene in daily affairs, local European administrators, striving to balance abolitionist pressures against the resistance of politically and economically powerful local slave owners, sought ways to satisfy the latter while placating or duping the former. The result was an alliance between colonial officials, company agents, and slave-owning elites that effectively slowed, sidetracked, or undermined serious attempts to reform slave holding. Although slavery was outlawed in both regions, in only a few isolated instances did large-scale emancipations occur. Under the surface, however, slaves used the threat of self-liberation to reach accommodations that transformed the master-slave relationship. By comparing the strategies of colonial administrators, slave-owners, and slaves across these two regions and throughout the nineteenth century, Slavery and Reform in West Africa reveals not only the causes of the astounding success of slave owners, but also the factors that could, and in some cases did, lead to slave liberations. These findings have serious implications for the wider study of slavery and emancipation and for the history of Africa generally.
CNS Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators is an indispensable and comprehensive reference for any research worker involved with glutamate in the CNS. An impressive group of well-known authors contribute up-to-date reviews that offer a global picture of the state of research in the area. The authors cover a wide range of interdisciplinary aspects of the subject, including anatomical, physiological, and biochemical. Topics in this volume range from the localization of synthetic enzymes through electrophysiology, pharmacology, and molecular biology to behavioral importance in learning and memory. No other single volume offers the depth or broad scope of material found here. In addition to being a definitive reference work, CNS Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators is the perfect one-step introduction to glutamate in the CNS for undergraduates, postgraduates, or established researchers who want a comprehensive overview text to keep abreast of developments in several areas of neuroscience.
This introductory user's guide to systems analysis and systems design focuses on building sustainable information systems to meet tomorrow's needs. It shows how practitioners can apply multiple participatory perspectives in development, so as to avoid future problems. As a practical guide, it is presented to be readily comprehensible and is organized to enable users to concentrate on their goals efficiently, and with minimum theoretical elaboration. The chapters follow the sequence involved in planning an information system, explaining key words, the time involved in each step, ending with a tutorial or exercises.
Religious and cultural diversity has been a key feature of the city of Leeds for almost 200 years and has resulted in the building of many fine churches, chapels and synagogues; these are now joined by mosques, gurdwaras and a mandir. Tracing the architectural response to the changing conditions of the inner city and suburbs, this book examines the buildings associated with the groups of newcomers to Leeds, thus charting a great change in the city's religious life. It is suggested that both the brand-new purpose-built places of worship and the way in which existing buildings have been adapted also reveal significant continuities with how Christian groups expanded in the 19th century. The alterations made to Leeds' churches to adapt them to changing liturgical requirements and to the pastoral and social requirements of the present day are discussed. The context of the architectural expression of faith in Leeds in the 20th and early 21st centuries will also assist those concerned with the conservation of places of worship.
Welcome to a top-level clearance world that doesn't exist...Now with updated material for the paperback edition. This is the adventurous, insightful, and often chilling story of a road trip through a shadow nation of state secrets, clandestine military bases, black sites, hidden laboratories, and top-secret agencies that make up what insiders call the "black world." Here, geographer and provocateur Trevor Paglen knocks on the doors of CIA prisons, stakes out a covert air base in Nevada from a mountaintop 30 miles away, dissects the Defense Department's multibillion dollar "black" budget, and interviews those who live on the edges of these blank spots. Whether Paglen reports from a hotel room in Vegas, a secret prison in Kabul, or a trailer in Shoshone Indian territory, he is impassioned, rigorous, relentless-and delivers eye-opening details.
A Primer for Teaching African History is a guide for college and high school teachers who are teaching African history for the first time, for experienced teachers who want to reinvigorate their courses, for those who are training future teachers to prepare their own syllabi, and for teachers who want to incorporate African history into their world history courses. Trevor R. Getz offers design principles aimed at facilitating a classroom experience that will help students navigate new knowledge, historical skills, ethical development, and worldviews. He foregrounds the importance of acknowledging and addressing student preconceptions about Africa, challenging chronological approaches to history, exploring identity and geography as ways to access historical African perspectives, and investigating the potential to engage in questions of ethics that studying African history provides. In his discussions of setting goals, pedagogy, assessment, and syllabus design, Getz draws readers into the process of thinking consciously and strategically about designing courses on African history that will challenge students to think critically about Africa and the discipline of history.
The entirety of the British Civil War has never been covered in a single volume--until now. While it is usually seen as an English conflict, Royle paints the picture on a large canvas to show that it engulfed the entirety of Great Britain. While the war began as the result of the Scots' unwillingness to accept Charles I's prayer book, their obstinacy inspired the Irish Catholics to rise against their English and Scot oppressors with the result that fourteen years internecine fighting was to be the norm for these islands. This is grand narrative military history at its best and a monumental achievement.
The latter half of the seventeenth century saw the Puritan families of England struggle to preserve the old values in an era of tremendous political and religious upheaval. Even non-conformist ministers were inclined to be pessimistic about the endurance of `godliness' - Puritan attitudes and practices - among the upper classes. Based on a study of family papers and other primary resources, Trevor Cliffe's study reveals that in many cases, Puritan county families were playing a double game: outwardly in communion with the Church, they often employed non-conformist chaplains, and attended nonconformist meetings.
Everyone knows where they were when Ray Houghton outfoxed the Italian goalkeeper in the 1994 World Cup finals. Every television in the country was tuned in to the match, and The Heights Bar in Loughinisland, Co. Down was no exception. But two miles down the road, three men with no interest in Ireland’s footballing progress were planning a deadly massacre. Shortly after half-time they burst through the door of the bar and opened fire, spraying bullets indiscriminately. As they fled the scene, six innocent men lay dead or dying. In 2017 journalists Trevor Birney and Barry McCaffrey produced a groundbreaking documentary, No Stone Unturned, about Loughinisland and allegations of collusion between the RUC and the loyalist terrorists behind the attack. However, it was Birney and McCaffrey, not the perpetrators of violence who then found themselves the target of PSNI anger. Shooting Crows tells a shocking story of collusion and betrayal, and of a State still willing to corrupt justice and persecute the innocent to hide the sins of its past.
Drugs and the Future presents 13 reviews collected to present the new advances in all areas of addiction research, including knowledge gained from mapping the human genome, the improved understanding of brain pathways and functions that are stimulated by addictive drugs, experimental and clinical psychology approaches to addiction and treatment, as well as both ethical considerations and social policy. The book also includes chapters on the history of addictive substances and some personal narratives of addiction. Introduced by Sir David King, Science Advisory to the UK Government and head of the Office of Science and Technology, and Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse in the USA, the book uniquely covers the full range of disciplines which can provide insight into the future of addiction, from genetics to the humanities. Written for a scientific audience, it is also applicable to non-specialists as well. - Provides an unique overview of what we know about addiction, and how scientific knowledge can and should be applied in the societal, ethical, and political context - Applies the state-of-the-art research in fields such as Genomics, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, Social Policy and Ethics to addiction research - Includes a preface by Sir David King, Science Advisory to the UK Government and head of the Office of Science and Technology, and in introduction by Nora Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse in the USA
Mammalian sociobiology is a rapidly advancing field which has made enormous strides in the last ten years. The last major monograph on the subject (Ewer, 1968) was published sixteen years ago, and there is a need for this information to be examined in terms of modern sociobiological theory. My approach throughout is evolutionary and is therefore directed strongly towards research which throws light on the ways in which mammals behave in their natural environments. I have tried to cover as wide a range of mammalian species as possible, although, in some cases, the only data available were obtained from captive individuals. The coverage of this book is not a reflection of the volume of literature published on different species, as I have tried to avoid undue emphasis on the social behaviour of primates and laboratory rodents. I have made scrupulous efforts throughout to avoid an anthropomorphic approach to mammalian behaviour. Terms such as 'strategy', 'evaluation' or 'choice' do not therefore imply conscious planning, but are used neutrally in the way in which they would be applied to a chess-playing computer. In the case of mammals, the programmer was natural selection. While I am fully aware that human beings are mammals, any detailed consideration of human social behaviour lies outside the scope of this book. However, the book may provide a complementary text to those interested in that subject.
It is widely accepted among literary scholars that canon-formation began in the eighteenth century when scholarly editions and critical treatments of older works, designed to educate readers about the national literary heritage, appeared for the first time. In The Making of the English Literary Canon Trevor Ross challenges this assumption, arguing that canon-formation was going on well before the eighteenth century but was based on a very different set of literary and cultural values. Covering a period that extends from the Middle Ages to the institutionalisation of literature in the eighteenth century, Ross's comprehensive history traces the evolution of cultural attitudes toward literature in English society, highlighting the diverse interests and assumptions that defined and shaped the literary canon. An indigenous canon of letters, Ross argues, had been both the hope and aim of English authors since the Middle Ages. Early authors believed that promoting the idea of a national literature would help publicise their work and favour literary production in the vernacular. Ross places these early gestures toward canon-making in the context of the highly rhetorical habits of thought that dominated medieval and Renaissance culture, habits that were gradually displaced by an emergent rationalist understanding of literary value. He shows that, beginning in the late seventeenth century, canon-makers became less concerned with how English literature was produced than with how it was read and received. By showing that canon-formation has served different functions in the past, The Making of the English Literary Canon is relevant not only to current debates over the canon but also as an important corrective to prevailing views of early modern English literature and of how it was first evaluated, promoted, and preserved. It is widely accepted among literary scholars that canon-formation began in the eighteenth century when scholarly editions and critical treatments of older works, designed to educate readers about the national literary heritage, appeared for the first time. In The Making of the English Literary Canon Trevor Ross challenges this assumption, arguing that canon- formation was going on well before the eighteenth century but was based on a very different set of literary and cultural values. Covering a period that extends from the Middle Ages to the institutionalisation of literature in the eighteenth century, Ross's comprehensive history traces the evolution of cultural attitudes toward literature in English society, highlighting the diverse interests and assumptions that defined and shaped the literary canon. An indigenous canon of letters, Ross argues, had been both the hope and aim of English authors since the Middle Ages. Early authors believed that promoting the idea of a national literature would help publicise their work and favour literary production in the vernacular. Ross places these early gestures toward canon-making in the context of the highly rhetorical habits of thought that dominated medieval and Renaissance culture, habits that were gradually displaced by an emergent rationalist understanding of literary value. He shows that, beginning in the late seventeenth century, canon-makers became less concerned with how English literature was produced than with how it was read and received. By showing that canon-formation has served different functions in the past, The Making of the English Literary Canon is relevant not only to current debates over the canon but also as an important corrective to prevailing views of early modern English literature and of how it was first evaluated, promoted, and preserved.
These 14 essays by scholars who have worked with David Jasper in both church and academy develop original discussions of themes emerging from his writings on literature, theology and hermeneutics. The arts, institutions, literature and liturgy are among the subject areas they cover.
Originally published in 1976, this book describes one of the most important and colourful episodes in black Africa’s twentieth-century history. Kwame Nkrumah, the dynamic leader who brought Ghana to independence in 1957, abandoned the Westminster model of representative government to which his country once seemed so well suited. He reached out towards the goals of Pan-Africanism and socialism, emphasizing the primacy of political action to regenerate his people and their continent. But his vision of the ‘political kingdom’ led quickly to the destruction of his Republic and his hopes. Using the (then) latest evidence to examine political life, parliament, civil service, farmers, workers and army in Ghana’s first Republic, the author argues that Nkrumah’s experiment failed because his rule was strong enough to distort traditional values but was unable to transform them. The result was a bizarre and paralysing mixture of despotism and anarchy which defied political analysis in conventional terms.
What is the role of literary writing in democratic society? Building upon his previous work on the emergence of “literature,” Trevor Ross offers a history of how the public function of literature changed as a result of developing press freedoms during the period from 1760 to 1810. Writing in Public examines the laws of copyright, defamation, and seditious libel to show what happened to literary writing once certain forms of discourse came to be perceived as public and entitled to freedom from state or private control. Ross argues that—with liberty of expression becoming entrenched as a national value—the legal constraints on speech had to be reconceived, becoming less a set of prohibitions on its content than an arrangement for managing the public sphere. The public was free to speak on any subject, but its speech, jurists believed, had to follow certain ground rules, as formalized in laws aimed at limiting private ownership of culturally significant works, maintaining civility in public discourse, and safeguarding public deliberation from the coercions of propaganda. For speech to be truly free, however, there had to be an enabling exception to the rules. Since the late eighteenth century, Ross suggests, the role of this exception has been performed by the idea of literature. Literature is valued as the form of expression that, in allowing us to say anything and in any form, attests to our liberty. Yet, paradoxically, it is only by occupying no definable place within the public sphere that literature can remain as indeterminate as the public whose self-reinvention it serves.
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