This volume looks at the effectiveness of conditionality in structural adjustment programmes. Tony Killick charts the emergence of conditionality, and challenges the widely held assumption that it is a co-operative process, arguing that in fact it tends to be coercive and detrimental to development objectives. Through detailed case studies of twenty one recipient countries, he explores the key issues of: * ownership * role of agencies * government objectives and the effects of policy. The conclusion is that conditionality has been counterproductive to price stability, economic growth and investment.
Critics are challenging the traditional role of the IMF to facilitate development and alleviate poverty, viewing policies as doctrinaire and in need of change to meet objectives. This examines the arguments and the future role of the IMF.
This book explores the relationship between economic adaptation and long-run development, with particluar emphasis on small, low- income economies. It also examines what makes for flexibility within an economy and how policy can affect an economy's ability to adapt to conditions over which it has no control. The premise is that all economies need to adapt to changing circumstances in order to achieve a reasonable pace of development. The author explains the forces to which economies need to respond, the attributes that increase an economy's capacity to adjust, the difficulties of adjustment, and what policy can do to facilitate adjustment. The author illustrates structure and flexibility within an economy and offers a guide to forming policy. Specific policy options are examined, among them using exchange rate fluctuations. The roles of government and markets in setting adjustment policies for industry, agriculture, and finance are explored. The study draws upon a wide range of material and avoids a narrowly economic point of view. The book is intended for use by economists working for or advising government agencies and for teachers and students of development economics. It includes an extensive reference list.
First published in 1978, Development Economics in Action is a renowned study of policies in Ghana, one of Africa’s most closely watched economies. In this new edition three additional chapters provide a detailed account of 1978-2008.
This explores the complex nature of poverty in Africa. It identifies its political and social causes and assesses the impact of recent economic growth on the welfare of poor people. To permanently reduce poverty, it calls for realistic, home-grown policy initiative, governmental commitment, a realignment of the donor community's role, and the development of institutional structures, such as poverty monitoring systems, that can hold the governments accountable.
The chapters in this collection respond to the range of interests that have shaped Miéville's fiction from his influential role in contemporary genre debates, to his ability to pose serious philosophical questions about state control, revolutionary struggle, regimes of apartheid, and the function of international law in a globalized world. This collection demonstrates how Miéville's fictions offer a striking example of contemporary literature's ability to imagine alternatives to neoliberal capitalism at a time of crisis for leftist ideas within the political realm.
A Royal Navy submariner and hero of the Cold War reveals his incredible true story of covert ops against the Soviets in this military memoir. Tony Beasley was just a teenager when he joined the Royal Navy in 1946. Throughout his training and specialization as a telegraphist, he anticipated a life above the water, not beneath it. But with the Cold War brewing, new threats emerged, and Beasely was sent to work on submarines. In this candid memoir, he recounts his adventures patrolling the seas and spying on the Soviet Fleet. Tony took part in numerous missions, including covert operations in the Barents Sea. Before this mission, the crew of the submarine was advised that if anything went wrong it “never happened.” When things inevitably did go wrong, Tony emerged a hero. For many years afterward, he wasn't allowed to tell anyone where he had been or what he had done. Now in his eighties, Tony finally gets to tell his story.
An in-depth practical work covering all the main areas of accountants' legal liabilities in negligence claims, including audit liabilities to clients and others, tax and insolvency work and conflicts of interest. It covers accountants' negligence in relation to claims against accountants acting for corporations as well as accountants acting for individuals. The second edition focusses on the difficult legal issues surrounding the liability of accountants in negligence claims. It covers statutory and non-statutory audits, tax advice, specified procedures reporting, due diligence reports and corporate finance reporting. It looks at the scope of losses for which the accountant may be liable with detailed reference to case law as well as money laundering and regulatory issues. Limitation and contributory fault are considered with special reference to accountants' cases. The following important developments and case law are included: - The material covering the application of the SAAMCO/scope of duty principle has been substantially revised following the clarification of the SAAMCO principle of scope of duty by the Supreme Court in BPE Solicitors & Anor v Hughes-Holland [2017] UKSC 21, [2018] AC 599 and the Court of Appeal in the accountants' case of Manchester Building Society v Grant Thornton UK LLP [2019] EWCA Civ 40, [2019] 1 WLR 4610 - AssetCo v Grant Thornton [2019] EWHC 150 (Comm), [2019] Bus LR 2291 in which the first edition of this book was cited several times, an auditor was held liable for trading losses caused by management fraud and the Court of Appeal at [2021] PNLR 1 considered the application of the scope of duty principle to a general audit case and the question of credit for the receipt by the company of new capital - The difficult question of the application of the scope of duty principle to dividends, discussed by the High Court in BTI v PricewaterhouseCoopers [2020] PNLR 7 and the Court of Appeal in AssetCo v Grant Thornton - Lowick Rose LLP v Swynson Ltd & Anor [2017] UKSC 32 on avoided loss - Developments in the application of rules of contributory fault to accountants in the light of the trial judgments on this issue in Manchester Building Society v Grant Thornton and AssetCo v Grant Thornton - The effect of the Supreme Court's decision in Singularis Holdings v Daiwa Capital Markets [2020] AC 1189 on auditor's counterclaims and the illegality defence - The controversial High Court decision on accountants' conflicts of interest in Harlequin Property v Wilkins Kennedy [2017] 4 WLR 30 - Pre-action disclosure against auditors following the decision in Carillion Plc v KPMG LLP [2020] EWHC 1416 (Comm) - First Tower Trustees v CDS (Superstores) [2019] 1 WLR with important implications for the application of UCTA to disclaimers of liability - Halsall v Champion Consulting [2017] PNLR 32 where extended limitation under s14A was considered in the context of tax schemes and a tax adviser's contractual time bar was construed - Evans v PricewaterhouseCoopers [2019] EWHC 1505 (Ch) on the date when the cause of action for tax advice was considered in detail - Developments in the law of privilege in relation to investigations of auditors including Sports Direct v Financial Reporting Council [2020] EWCA Civ 177, [2020] 2 WLR 1256 - Substantial revisions to the Code of Ethics, disciplinary bye-laws, and the FRC's rules and schemes
One of the most promising approaches to poverty reduction in developing countries is to encourage sustainable livelihoods for the poor. This takes account of their opportunities and assets and the sources of their vulnerability. Based on recent and extensive research, this volume thoroughly assesses the value of the livelihoods approach to urban poverty. The book reviews the situation and strategies of the urban poor and identifies the policies and practical programmes that work best. Lasting improvements depend not just on economic development, but on political commitment and structures that are responsive to the claims and needs of different groups of poor people.
Now in its fourth edition, Geographies of Development: An Introduction to Development Studies remains a core, balanced and comprehensive introductory textbook for students of Development Studies, Development Geography and related fields. This clear and concise text encourages critical engagement by integrating theory alongside practice and related key topics throughout. It demonstrates informatively that ideas concerning development have been many and varied and highly contested - varying from time to time and from place to place. Clearly written and accessible for students, who have no prior knowledge of development, the book provides the basics in terms of a geographical approach to development what situation is, where, when and why. Over 200 maps, charts, tables, textboxes and pictures break up the text and offer alternative ways of showing the information. The text is further enhanced by a range of pedagogical features: chapter outlines, case studies, key thinkers, critical reflections, key points and summaries, discussion topics and further reading. Geographies of Development continues to be an invaluable introductory text not only for geography students, but also anyone in area studies, international studies and development studies.
Life is very complex and intricate. Every decision we make is made for a reason, either consciously or, more often than not, subconsciously. This includes your choice of school friends, your hobbies, your career pathway, your car (not just because it is the cheapest), your life partner or partners, the foods you like and don’t like, and your tastes in music. These are decisions we have all made throughout our life, some we have been helped with and others we have made alone. Many people like sport; a majority of them are football supporters! They choose their team in many different ways, guided by their family or friends (I told my two children, “There are ninety-two teams in England. Support any one of the ninety-one of them. If you support the ninety-second, out you go.”) or swayed by the media (more so these days). The team your friends follow and obviously the local team to where you live, that is usually the team you follow. When I decided that football would be my sport of choice, I had no family to guide me (no one was interested in football), and there was no local league team for the majority of my childhood. Birmingham was over twenty miles from Colwall, and Reading over twenty miles away from Newbury. And for the year I was in Nottingham, there were two teams to worry about, and so I had ninety-two league teams to choose from! Which one should I choose, and why? Because the one thing I realized even at a young age is that the team you choose is your team for life! That is unless you are a glory hunter, which certainly happened with some people I knew and went to school with in Nottingham. They were supporters of many different teams when I moved away from Nottingham in the mid-1970s, but when I came back to Nottingham in the early 1980s, they were all “loyal” Forest supporters!
The Trade Unions—What Are They? is a primer of the trade union movement in Britain and examines the convolutions of industrial negotiations as well as the intricacies that have to be unraveled by those handling the problems—whether of the application of the Incomes and Prices policy or of restrictive practices. This book traces the history of British trade unions and presents the biographies of five great trade union leaders of the past. Four famous trade-union cases are also highlighted, along with some important events and statistics. This monograph is comprised of 13 chapters and begins with a brief historical account of trade unions in Britain before presenting biographical sketches of five great union leaders: Tom Mann, John Burns, Ben Tillett, Will Thorne, and Ernest Bevin. The next section examines four famous trade union cases: the Tolpuddle Martyrs, the Taff Vale case, the Osborne Verdict, and Rookes vs. Barnard. The remaining chapters discuss some major events and statistics relating to the British trade union movement from the 14th to the 20th centuries, including laws, prices and incomes, the enactment of the Ordinance and Statute of Labourers in 1349 and 1351, and the strike staged by signalmen of the Taff Vale Railway in 1901. This text will be of interest to trade union officers and members as well as industry and government officials.
A hard-hitting history of special-forces operations over the past fifty years in the United States, United Kingdom, and Israel. After eight challenging years in Afghanistan, the new U.S. strategy, aimed at winning hearts and minds rather than search-and-destroy, refocuses the conflict on Special Forces: unorthodox soldiers who work outside of traditional military forces to combine secret military operations with nation building. Tony Geraghty, an expert author in this field for almost thirty years, unveils the extraordinary evolution of this refined style of war-making from its roots in anti-guerrilla warfare in Ireland and Palestine, by way of the creation of the C.I.A., the S.A.S., the Green Berets, America’s Office of Strategic Services (O.S.S.), and many others, including Mossad. This history is more than a tale of derring-do, although James Bond-like characters stalk every page. It is a sweeping examination of Black Ops at a time when they represent the future of an open-ended global war against terrorism.
This study has identified a number of examples in which concerns about the alleviation of poverty have been given some practical expression in adjustment programs. Because most of these examples are of very recent origin, it is difficult to assess how effective they have been in helping the poor. First, one striking feature of the illustrations compiled is that they are invariably orderly or planned structural adjustment programs that have often been implemented with Bank assistance (Bolivia, Cote d'Ivoire, The Gambia, Indonesia, Jamaica, and Thailand). Second, income distributions will inevitably change during adjustment. These changes are the principal incentives for resource reallocation, and without them the objectives of adjustment will not be realized. Third, the study highlights the advantages of interventions that increase the primary income claims of the poor. Finally, adjustment can act as a catalyst for policymakers to examine carefully the costs and benefits of their programs for the poor.
How is the English legal system structured and who takes part in it? Does the system ever get it wrong? This new textbook provides a clear and accessible guide to the workings of the English legal system. Features such as 'thinking points', 'key debates', and 'talking points' help you to engage with the key areas of debate and controversy, giving you an excellent grounding for the rest of your studies. Online Resource Centre: An Online Resource Centre provides: - 150 multiple choice questions with answers and feedback - Regular updates - Practical examples of essay questions and answers
NOW IN ITS SIXTH ANNUAL EDITION, The Reality of Aid has for the first time analysed the 'fair share' of bilateral aid for basic social services basic education, basic health, reproductive health, nutrition, clean water and sanitation - that should come from each donor; an analysis which shows only two donors meeting their fair share and the G7 nations (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, US) falling behind by over US$5 billion. This year and next, The Reality of Aid focuses on basic education, as a right and not a privilege, and its role in development cooperation and poverty elimination. A key feature of The Reality of Aid 1998/1999 is the ten chapters offering analysis of development cooperation from the perspective of southern NGOs. Many of these focus on basic education and raise issues around transparency, gender and civil society. 'If policies were programmes and promises were dollars, The Reality of Aid could report great progress on the road to eradicating global poverty this year. But at a time when donors acknowledge that ending poverty is possible, it seems that commitments are being offered instead of resources and real change.' From the Summary Part I presents a useful Summary, highlighting the steps that donors could take now to make progress towards poverty eradication, and reviews the trends in development cooperation, debt relief measures targeted towards the new millennium and commitment to the goal of ensuring basic education for all. Part II gives a full report on the overseas aid performance of OECD country aid donors and the European Union over the last year. Part III sets out a Southern perspective on development cooperation. Part IV provides 'at a glance' comparisons of donors' aid outlook and commitment to development cooperation in the 21st Century, poverty eradication, gender and public support. Part V contains handy reference material. Throughout the book, information is presented in easily interpreted diagrams and graphs. The Reality of Aid has established itself as a unique source of independent evaluation and comment on aid policies and development. It is indispensable for all in the field, whether in the official or voluntary sectors. 'Indispensable ... it gives you most of the hard facts you need to know about the major issues' New Internationalist 'The most comprehensive and rigorous independent analysis of the aid and development policies of the world's wealthiest nations ... Essential reading' Charity World 'The Reality of Aid remains an essential purchase by the libraries of development institutions and an invaluable reference for development practitioners' Development & Change 'A reliable 'watchdog' for anyone interested in this important aspect of international relations' ORBIT 'An accessible reference ... [it] encompasses many key issues and stimulates further research' Commonwealth & Comparative Politics Originally published in 1998
From Indian vultures to Chinese bees, Nature provides the 'natural services' that keep the economy going. From the recycling miracles in the soil; an army of predators ridding us of unwanted pests; an abundance of life creating a genetic codebook that underpins our food, pharmaceutical industries and much more, it has been estimated that these and other services are each year worth about double global GDP. Yet we take most of Nature's services for granted, imagining them free and limitless ... until they suddenly switch off. This is a book full of immediate, impactful stories, containing both warnings (such as in the tale of India's vultures, killed off by drugs given to cattle, leading to an epidemic of rabies) but also the positive (how birds protect fruit harvests, coral reefs protect coasts from storms and how the rainforests absorb billions of tonnes of carbon released from cars and power stations). Tony Juniper's book will change whole way you think about life, the planet and the economy
Many fundamental studies of the origins of states have built upon landscape data, but an overall study of the Near Eastern landscape itself has never been attempted. Spanning thousands of years of history, the ancient Near East presents a bewildering range of landscapes, the understanding of which can greatly enhance our ability to infer past political and social systems. Tony Wilkinson now shows that throughout the Holocene humans altered the Near Eastern environment so thoroughly that the land has become a human artifact, albeit one that retains the power to shape human societies. In this trailblazing bookÑthe first to describe and explain the development of the Near Eastern landscape using archaeological dataÑWilkinson identifies specific landscape signatures for various regions and periods, from the early stages of complex societies in the fifth to sixth millennium B.C. to the close of the Early Islamic period around the tenth century A.D. From Bronze Age city-states to colonized steppes, these signature landscapes of irrigation systems, tells, and other features changed through time along with changes in social, economic, political, and environmental conditions. By weaving together the record of the human landscape with evidence of settlement, the environment, and social and economic conditions, Wilkinson provides a holistic view of the ancient Near East that complements archaeological excavations, cuneiform texts, and other conventional sources. Through this overview, culled from thirty years' research, Wilkinson establishes a new framework for understanding the economic and physical infrastructure of the region. By describing the basic attributes of the ancient cultural landscape and placing their development within the context of a dynamic environment, he breaks new ground in landscape archaeology and offers a new context for understanding the ancient Near East.
The accelerating pace of global change demands that economies must be adaptable. Economies which are flexible flourish, as in Eastern Asia. Inflexible economies stagnate, as in Eastern Europe and Africa. However even though adaptability governs the long-term progress of economies, economists have had little to say about the nature and determinants of economic flexibility. This book redresses that situation. A prestigious team of contributors address the key theoretical and empirical issues, using a wide range of country studies.
Series blurb: The Ecology of Indonesia series explores one of the most biologically diverse areas of the world, incorporating current research from Western and Indonesian specialists. Each book describes in detail, Indonesia's fragile ecosystems, its unparalled biodiversity, its peoples andtheir use of natural resources, and the ecological problems which have resulted from rapid economic development.
This volume looks at the effectiveness of conditionality in structural adjustment programmes. Tony Killick charts the emergence of conditionality, and challenges the widely held assumption that it is a cooperative process.
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