This unique handbook provides an organizational framework for planning and establishing intercultural communication training programs. Drawing from intercultural communication and cross-cultural training, this guide emphasizes those aspects of training that explicitly involve face-to-face communication. The approaches covered apply to any situation where good personal relations and effective communication need to be established with people from different cultural backgrounds.
This unique handbook provides an organizational framework for planning and establishing intercultural communication training programs. Drawing from intercultural communication and cross-cultural training, this guide emphasizes those aspects of training that explicitly involve face-to-face communication. The approaches covered apply to any situation where good personal relations and effective communication need to be established with people from different cultural backgrounds.
Here is an important volume offering new insights into the generational transformation of Japanese hegemonic masculinity. Drawing on thirty-nine life-histories of three generations of sararīman (salaryman) each working, or having worked for large companies, this book is an in-depth study of Japanese salaryman masculinity, that is, the ‘hegemonic masculinity’ in Japan. Through Japanese salarymen’s own accounts of themselves, the author investigates the construction of their masculinity throughout their lives; childhood, adolescence, young adult experiences, as well as work and family life. While changes are reflected in the participants’ narratives, little research has been done to link these changes in the performance of masculinity to the dramatic economic and social changes over the last century.
Literature, like food, is, in Terry Eagleton’s words, "endlessly interpretable," and food, like literature, "looks like an object but is actually a relationship." So how much do we, and should we, read into the way food is represented in literature? Reading Food explores this and other questions in an unusual and fascinating tour of twentieth-century Japanese literature. Tomoko Aoyama analyzes a wide range of diverse writings that focus on food, eating, and cooking and considers how factors such as industrialization, urbanization, nationalism, and gender construction have affected people’s relationships to food, nature, and culture, and to each other. The examples she offers are taken from novels (shosetsu) and other literary texts and include well known writers (such as Tanizaki Jun’ichiro, Hayashi Fumiko, Okamoto Kanoko, Kaiko Takeshi, and Yoshimoto Banana) as well as those who are less widely known (Murai Gensai, Nagatsuka Takashi, Sumii Sue, and Numa Shozo). Food is everywhere in Japanese literature, and early chapters illustrate historical changes and variations in the treatment of food and eating. Examples are drawn from Meiji literary diaries, children’s stories, peasant and proletarian literature, and women’s writing before and after World War II. The author then turns to the theme of cannibalism in serious and popular novels. Key issues include ethical questions about survival, colonization, and cultural identity. The quest for gastronomic gratification is a dominant theme in "gourmet novels." Like cannibalism, the gastronomic journey as a literary theme is deeply implicated with cultural identity. The final chapter deals specifically with contemporary novels by women, some of which celebrate the inclusiveness of eating (and writing), while others grapple with the fear of eating. Such dread or disgust can be seen as a warning against what the complacent "gourmet boom" of the 1980s and 1990s concealed: the dangers of a market economy, environmental destruction, and continuing gender biases. Reading Food in Modern Japanese Literature will tempt any reader with an interest in food, literature, and culture. Moreover, it provides appetizing hints for further savoring, digesting, and incorporating textual food.
This is a pioneering work on "karayuki-san", impoverished Japanese women sent abroad to work as prostitutes from the 1860s to the 1920s. The narrative follows the life of one such prostitute, Osaki, who is persuaded as a child of ten to accept cleaning work in Sandakan, North Borneo, and then forced to work as a prostitute in a Japanese brothel, one of the many such brothels that were established throughout Asia in conjunction with the expansion of Japanese business interests. Yamazaki views Osaki as the embodiment of the suffering experienced by all Japanese women, who have long been oppressed under the dual yoke of class and gender. This tale provides the historical and anthropological context for understanding the sexual exploitation of Asian women before and during the Pacific War and for the growing flesh trade in Southeast Asia and Japan today. Young women are being brought to Japan with the same false promises that enticed Osaki to Borneo 80 years ago. Yamazaki Tomoko, who herself endured many economic and social hardships during and after the war, has devoted her life to documenting the history of the exchange of women between Japan and other Asian countries since 1868. She has worked directly with "karayuki-san", military comfort women, war orphans, repatriates, women sent as picture brides to China and Manchuria, Asian women who have wed into Japanese farming communities, and Japanese women married to other Asians in Japan.
This book describes how American and Japanese management ideologies meet, collide, and contend in the process of competitive cooperation during a joint venture in Japan. In a detailed case study, Hamada describes the very real problems when Japanese and American managers run a business operation, and analyzes them from a comparative, relativistic, and historical perspective. The author presents a novel and effective way of viewing organizational dynamics, seeing the 'unfinished' cultural process between different sub-groups who create and recreate the symbolic meanings of corporate phenomena. Her succinct analysis of Japanese and American behavioral modes makes both practical and theoretical contributions to the field of international management. Highlighting the interdependence between corporate culture and broader societal culture, Hamada looks closely at interactions between American and Japanese businessmen, analyzes their cultural differences, and proposes that these differences can be viewed not just as a source of continuing conflict but of dynamic cooperation.
Neurorehabilitation is based on the assumption that motor learning contributes to motor recovery after injury. However, little is known about how learning itself is affected by brain injury, how learning mechanisms interact with spontaneous biological recovery, and how best to incorporate learning principles into rehabilitation training protocols. Here we distinguish between two types of motor learning, adaptation and skill acquisition, and discuss how they relate to neurorehabilitation. Functional recovery can occur through resolution of impairment (reacquisition of premorbid movement patterns) and through compensation (use of alternative movements or effectors to accomplish the same goal); both these forms of recovery respond to training protocols. The emphasis in current neurorehabilitation practice is on the rapid establishment of independence in activities of daily living through compensatory strategies, rather than on the reduction of impairment. Animal models, however, show that after focal ischemic damage there is a brief, approximately 3–4-week, window of heightened plasticity, which in combination with training protocols leads to large gains in motor function. Analogously, almost all recovery from impairment in humans occurs in the first 3 months after stroke, which suggests that targeting impairment in this time-window with intense motor learning protocols could lead to gains in function that are comparable in terms of effect size to those seen in animal models.
COSTUMED CHAOS Sunako ends up in a less-than-glamorous part-time job, donning a panda costume to work as a mascot at an amusement park. Though delicious cake awaits her if she does a good job, she fails miserably. But as luck would have it, she may have a chance to redeem herself when she and the boys of Nakahara Mansion are asked to perform in a Power-Ranger-style stage show. Is the promise of mouth-watering cake enough for Sunako to deliver a thrilling and action-packed performance for the amusement park’s attendees?
The Institute of Pacific Relations was a pioneering intellectual-political organization that shaped public knowledge and both elite and popular discourse throughout the Asia-Pacific region and beyond during the inter-war years. Inspired by Wilsonian internationalism after the 1919 formation of the League of Nations, it grew to become an international and national non-governmental think-tank providing expertise on Asia and the Pacific. This book investigates post-League Wilsonian internationalism with respect to two critical issues: the nation state and the conception of the Asia-Pacific region; both issues broach a range of contentious subjects including colonialism, orientalism, racism and war. Akami's study of the Institute of Pacific Relations offers insight into the formation of the dominant ideologies and institutions of regional and international politics in the Pacific during the inter-war years, and provides an interesting perspective on Japan's relations with countries including the USA and Australia.
The Great Depression was a global phenomenon: every economy linked to international financial and commodity markets suffered. The aim of this book is not merely to show that China could not escape the consequences of drastic declines in financial flows and trade but also to offer a new perspective for understanding modern Chinese history. The Great Depression was a watershed in modern China. China was the only country on the silver standard in an international monetary system dominated by the gold standard.Fluctuations in international silver prices undermined China’s monetary system and destabilized its economy. In response to severe deflation, the state shifted its position toward the market from laissez-faire to committed intervention. Establishing a new monetary system, with a different foreign-exchange standard, required deliberate government management; ultimately the process of economic recovery and monetary change politicized the entire Chinese economy. By analyzing the impact of the slump and the process of recovery, this book examines the transformation of state–market relations in light of the linkages between the Chinese and the world economy.
Cellular Membrane: A Key to Disease Processes focuses on cellular membranes as a key to unlocking important new information about the pathological processes of strokes, heart attacks, diabetes, cancer, and other major diseases. The clinical relevance of basic research is particularly emphasized. Topics include calcium ions and calcium channel blockers, membrane ion channels and diabetes, membrane perturbation by asbestos fibers and disease, membrane receptors and signal transduction in tumor cells, anti-HIV compounds with membrane oriented specificity, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Cellular Membrane: A Key to Disease Processes is filled with illustrations, schemes, exciting ideas, and provocative hypotheses that are bound to lead to the development of new pharmacological techniques. It will prove to be an excellent reference guide for cell biologists and pathologists.
Central nervous system trauma, which encompasses stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, head injury, and spinal cord injury, is a leading cause of death in developed countries. In the search for underlying mechanisms, membrane involvement has been the common link. This fourth volume in the Membrane-Linked Diseases series is therefore dedicated to research on CNS trauma. Focusing on the mechanism of membrane damage, Central Nervous System Trauma: Research Techniques presents a variety of experimental techniques to study the mechanism of CNS trauma. Animal and tissue culture models provide the bulk of the research findings in this area. Possible pharmacological interventions are analyzed. This volume offers numerous illustrative examples, including full color figures. This book serves as a valuable resource for students and researchers, assisting in the comprehension of current trends in CNS trauma and helping to stimulate the discovery of new research areas.
SUNAKO THE SCALLYWAG Avast ye! Sunako and the four beautiful lads of Nakahara Mansion set sail for yet another adventure along the treachorous course to Sunako’s ever evasive ladyhood! Along the way, they’ll see things that will make even the saltiest of seadogs shiver their timbers as the boys venture into Sunako’s dark world, witness the awesome power of a sacred tree, and take a crack at courtship. But what Sunako seeks is treasure, and she’s determined to get her hands on some pieces of eight with the help of her handsome skeleton crew no matter what danger awaits!
Touma suspects that his long-time friend and business partner Enoki might have a crush on him. Though honestly, who wouldn't fall in love with someone so gorgeous? But when Enoki accuses Touma of being the one with the crush, Touma doesn't know what to think! After all, how could Touma have room in his heart for another when he's already so madly in love with himself? Tomoko Yamashita presents a collection far removed from the norms of the Boys’ Love genre. These seven atypical stories are filled with drama, tension, and above all, an uncommon wit.
FEMME FINALE The mad dash to ladyhood for horror-girl Sunako and her dazzlingly beautiful boys draws to a close in their last adventure. Things start to heat up for Sunako and Kyohei, as the romance between the unlikely couple reaches maximum levels! As they interact with each other at a Halloween party, the Mori High Cultural Festival, and even a cruise ship, it seems that Sunako may finally become a lady! But you can be the judge of that as you read the final volume of The Wallflower! Includes special extras after the story!
NEW BEGINNINGS Noi and Takenaga clash on a group date at the amusement park! There’s no time for love when it’s an all out battle! And the trouble doesn’t end there when a New Years Eve countdown party at the Nakahara mansion turns into a scene of chaos. With giant crabs and hoards of savage girls, will Sunako and the boys ever make it out of the year alive?!
Culture and Dialogue is an international peer-reviewed journal of cross-cultural philosophy and the arts that is published semi-annually both in print and electronically. The Journal seeks to encourage and promote research in the type of philosophy and theory that sees dialogue as a fundamental ingredient of cultural formations, that is to say the ways cultures become apparent and ultimately identifiable.
While it has long been taken for granted that context or background information plays a crucial role in reference assignment, there have been very few serious attempts to investigate exactly how they are used. This study provides an answer to the question through an extensive analysis of cases of bridging. The book demonstrates that when encountering a referring expression, the hearer is able to choose a set of contextual assumptions intended by the speaker in a principled way, out of all the assumptions possibly available to him. It claims more specifically that the use of context, as well as the assignment of referent, is governed by a single pragmatic principle, namely, the principle of relevance (Sperber & Wilson 1986/1995), which is also a single principle governing overall utterance interpretation. The explanatory power of the criterion based on the principle of relevance is tested against the two major, current alternatives — truth-based criteria and coherence-based criteria — using data elicited in a battery of referent assignment questionnaires. The results show clearly that the relevance-based criterion has more predictive power to handle a wider range of examples than any other existing criterion. As such, this work adds to the growing body of evidence supporting the insights of relevance theory. The work has been awarded the 2001 Ichikawa Award for the best achievement in English Linguistics by a young scholar in Japan.
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