Tom R. Tyler's Books

Why People Obey the Law

By: Tom R. Tyler

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People obey the law if they believe it's legitimate, not because they fear punishment--this is the startling conclusion of Tom Tyler's classic study. Tyler suggests that lawmakers and law enforcers would do much better to make legal systems worthy of respect than to try to instill fear of punishment. He finds that people obey law primarily because they believe in respecting legitimate authority. In his fascinating new afterword, Tyler brings his book up to date by reporting on new research into the relative importance of legal legitimacy and deterrence, and reflects on changes in his own thinking since his book was first published.

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307

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Princeton University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1400828600

ISBN 13

9781400828609

Why People Obey the Law

By: Tom R. Tyler

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Why People Obey the Law

By: Tom R. Tyler

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307

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Princeton University Press

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ISBN 10

1400828600

ISBN 13

9781400828609

Cooperation in Groups

Procedural Justice, Social Identity, and Behavioral Engagement

By: Tom R. Tyler,Steven L. Blader

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Cooperation in Groups

Procedural Justice, Social Identity, and Behavioral Engagement

By: Tom R. Tyler,Steven L. Blader

First Published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

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246

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Psychology Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1841690066

ISBN 13

9781841690063

Why People Cooperate

The Role of Social Motivations

By: Tom R. Tyler

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Why People Cooperate

The Role of Social Motivations

By: Tom R. Tyler

Any organization's success depends upon the voluntary cooperation of its members. But what motivates people to cooperate? In Why People Cooperate, Tom Tyler challenges the decades-old notion that individuals within groups are primarily motivated by their self-interest. Instead, he demonstrates that human behaviors are influenced by shared attitudes, values, and identities that reflect social connections rather than material interests. Tyler examines employee cooperation in work organizations, resident cooperation with legal authorities responsible for social order in neighborhoods, and citizen cooperation with governmental authorities in political communities. He demonstrates that the main factors for achieving cooperation are socially driven, rather than instrumentally based on incentives or sanctions. Because of this, social motivations are critical when authorities attempt to secure voluntary cooperation from group members. Tyler also explains that two related aspects of group practices--the use of fair procedures when exercising authority and the belief by group members that authorities are benevolent and sincere--are crucial to the development of the attitudes, values, and identities that underlie cooperation. With widespread implications for the management of organizations, community regulation, and governance, Why People Cooperate illustrates the vital role that voluntary cooperation plays in the long-standing viability of groups.

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228

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Princeton University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0691158002

ISBN 13

9780691158006

The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice

By: E.Allan Lind,Tom R. Tyler

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The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice

By: E.Allan Lind,Tom R. Tyler

We dedicate this book to John Thibaut. He was mentor and personal friend to one of us, and his work had a profound intellectual influence on both of us. We were both strongly influenced by Thibaut's insightful articulation of the importance to psychology of the concept of pro cedural justice and by his empirical work with Laurens Walker in reactions to legal institu demonstrating the role of procedural justice tions. The great importance we accord the Thibaut and Walker work is evident throughout this volume. If anyone person can be said to have created an entire field of inquiry, John Thibaut created the psychological study of procedural justice. (To honor Thibaut thus in no sense reduces our recognition of the contributions of his co-worker, Laurens Walker, in the creation of the field. We are as certain that Walker would endorse our statement as we are that Thibaut, with characteristic modesty, would demur from it. ) Even to praise Thibaut in this fashion falls short of recognizing all of his contributions to procedural justice. Not only did he initiate the psy chological study of the topic, he also built much of the intellectual foun dation upon which the study of procedural justice rests. Thibaut's work with Harold Kelley (1959; Kelley & Thibaut, 1978) created a social psy chological theory of interdependence that, among many other applica tions, serves as the basis for one of the major models of the psychology of procedural justice.

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286

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

148992115X

ISBN 13

9781489921154

Why Children Follow Rules

Legal Socialization and the Development of Legitimacy

By: Tom R. Tyler,Rick Trinkner

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Why Children Follow Rules

Legal Socialization and the Development of Legitimacy

By: Tom R. Tyler,Rick Trinkner

Legal socialization is the process by which children and adolescents acquire their law related values, attitudes, and reasoning capacities. Such values and attitudes, in particular legitimacy, underlie the ability and willingness to consent to laws and defer to legal authorities that make legitimacy based legal systems possible. By age eighteen a person's orientation toward law is largely established, yet legal scholarship has largely ignored this process in favor of studying adults and their relationship to the law. Why Children Follow Rules focuses upon legal socialization outlining what is known about the process across three related, but distinct, contexts: the family, the school, and the juvenile justice system. Throughout, Tom Tyler and Rick Trinkner emphasize the degree to which individuals develop their orientations toward law and legal authority upon values connected to responsibility and obligation as opposed to fear of punishment. They argue that authorities can act in ways that internalize legal values and promote supportive attitudes. In particular, consensual legal authority is linked to three issues: how authorities make decisions, how they treat people, and whether they recognize the boundaries of their authority. When individuals experience authority that is fair, respectful, and aware of the limits of power, they are more likely to consent and follow directives. Despite clear evidence showing the benefits of consensual authority, strong pressures and popular support for the exercise of authority based on dominance and force persist in America's families, schools, and within the juvenile justice system. As the currently low levels of public trust and confidence in the police, the courts, and the law undermine the effectiveness of our legal system, Tom Tyler and Rick Trinkner point to alternative way to foster the popular legitimacy of the law in an era of mistrust.

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281

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0190644168

ISBN 13

9780190644161

Trust in the Law

Encouraging Public Cooperation with the Police and Courts

By: Tom R. Tyler,Yuen J. Huo

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Trust in the Law

Encouraging Public Cooperation with the Police and Courts

By: Tom R. Tyler,Yuen J. Huo

Public opinion polls suggest that American's trust in the police and courts is declining. The same polls also reveal a disturbing racial divide, with minorities expressing greater levels of distrust than whites. Practices such as racial profiling, zero-tolerance and three-strikes laws, the use of excessive force, and harsh punishments for minor drug crimes all contribute to perceptions of injustice. In Trust in the Law, psychologists Tom R. Tyler and Yuen J. Huo present a compelling argument that effective law enforcement requires the active engagement and participation of the communities it serves, and argue for a cooperative approach to law enforcement that appeals to people's sense of fair play, even if the outcomes are not always those with which they agree. Based on a wide-ranging survey of citizens who had recent contact with the police or courts in Oakland and Los Angeles, Trust in the Law examines the sources of people's favorable and unfavorable reactions to their encounters with legal authorities. Tyler and Huo address the issue from a variety of angles: the psychology of decision acceptance, the importance of individual personal experiences, and the role of ethnic group identification. They find that people react primarily to whether or not they are treated with dignity and respect, and the degree to which they feel they have been treated fairly helps to shape their acceptance of the legal process. Their findings show significantly less willingness on the part of minority group members who feel they have been treated unfairly to trust the motives to subsequent legal decisions of law enforcement authorities. Since most people in the study generalize from their personal experiences with individual police officers and judges, Tyler and Huo suggest that gaining maximum cooperation and consent of the public depends upon fair and transparent decision-making and treatment on the part of law enforcement officers. Tyler and Huo conclude that the best way to encourage compliance with the law is for legal authorities to implement programs that foster a sense of personal involvement and responsibility. For example, community policing programs, in which the local population is actively engaged in monitoring its own neighborhood, have been shown to be an effective tool in improving police-community relationships. Cooperation between legal authorities and community members is a much discussed but often elusive goal. Trust in the Law shows that legal authorities can behave in ways that encourage the voluntary acceptance of their directives, while also building trust and confidence in the overall legitimacy of the police and courts. A Volume in the Russell Sage Foundation Series on Trust

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265

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Russell Sage Foundation

Published Date

ISBN 10

1610445422

ISBN 13

9781610445429

Large Was Their Bounty: Memories of Mom and Dad

By: Paul Clavelle,Sue Clavelle,David Clavelle,Rick Clavelle,Tom Clavelle,Bobbie Clavelle

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Large Was Their Bounty: Memories of Mom and Dad

By: Paul Clavelle,Sue Clavelle,David Clavelle,Rick Clavelle,Tom Clavelle,Bobbie Clavelle

What matters most in life is not great deeds, but great love."" St. Therese of Lisieux

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197

Publisher

Lulu.com

Published Date

ISBN 10

1483458350

ISBN 13

9781483458359

Advanced Introduction to Law and Psychology

By: Tyler, Tom R.

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Advanced Introduction to Law and Psychology

By: Tyler, Tom R.

Leading scholar Tom R. Tyler provides a timely and engaging introduction to the field of law and psychology. This Advanced Introduction outlines the main areas of research, their relevance to law and the way that psychological findings have shaped – or failed to shape – the corresponding areas of law. Key features include focus on the relevance of psychological theories to topics in law, emphasis on the institutional realities within which law functions and discussion of the problems of bringing research findings into the legal system.

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264

Publisher

Edward Elgar Publishing

Published Date

ISBN 10

1839109734

ISBN 13

9781839109737

Advanced Introduction to Law and Psychology

By: Tyler, Tom R.

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Advanced Introduction to Law and Psychology

By: Tyler, Tom R.

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Edward Elgar Publishing

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1839109734

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9781839109737

Armistead and Hancock

Behind the Gettysburg Legend of Two Friends at the Turning Point of the Civil War

By: Tom McMillan

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Armistead and Hancock

Behind the Gettysburg Legend of Two Friends at the Turning Point of the Civil War

By: Tom McMillan

In a war of brother versus brother, theirs has become the most famous broken friendship: Union general Winfield Scott Hancock and Confederate general Lewis Armistead. Michael Shaara’s The Killer Angels (1974) and the movie Gettysburg (1993), based on the novel, presented a close friendship sundered by war, but history reveals something different from the legend that holds up Hancock and Armistead as sentimental symbols of a nation torn apart. In this deeply researched book, Tom McMillan sets the record straight. Even if their relationship wasn’t as close as the legend has it, Hancock and Armistead knew each other well before the Civil War. Armistead was seven years older, but in a small prewar army where everyone seemed to know everyone else, Hancock and Armistead crossed paths at a fort in Indian Territory before the Mexican War and then served together in California, becoming friends—and they emotionally parted ways when the Civil War broke out. Their lives wouldn’t intersect again until Gettysburg, when they faced each other during Pickett’s Charge. Armistead died of his wounds at Gettysburg on July 5, 1863; Hancock went on to be the Democratic nominee for president in 1880, losing to James Garfield. Part dual biography and part Civil War history, Armistead and Hancock: Behind the Gettysburg Legend clarifies the historic record with new information and fresh perspective, reversing decades of misconceptions about an amazing story of two friends that has defined the Civil War.

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327

Publisher

Rowman & Littlefield

Published Date

ISBN 10

081176995X

ISBN 13

9780811769952

Cooperation in Groups

Procedural Justice, Social Identity, and Behavioral Engagement

By: Tom R. Tyler,Steven L. Blader

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Cooperation in Groups

Procedural Justice, Social Identity, and Behavioral Engagement

By: Tom R. Tyler,Steven L. Blader

First Published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

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246

Publisher

Psychology Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1841690066

ISBN 13

9781841690063

Legitimacy-Based Policing and the Promotion of Community Vitality

By: Tom Tyler,Caroline Nobo

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Legitimacy-Based Policing and the Promotion of Community Vitality

By: Tom Tyler,Caroline Nobo

This Element presents the history, research, and future potential for an alternative and effective model of policing called 'legitimacy-based policing'. This model is driven by social psychology theory and informed by research findings showing that legitimacy of the police shapes public acceptance of police decisions, willingness to cooperate with the police, and citizen engagement in communities. Police legitimacy is found to be strongly tied to the level of fairness exercised by police authority, i.e. to procedural justice. Taken together these two ideas create an alternative framework for policing that relies upon the policed community's willing acceptance of and cooperation with the law. Studies show that this framework is as effective in lowering crime as the traditional carceral paradigm, an approach that relies on the threat or use of force to motivate compliance. It is also more effective in motivating willing cooperation and in encouraging people to engage in their communities in ways that promote social, economic and political development. We demonstrate that adopting this model benefits police departments and police officers as well as promoting community vitality. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

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162

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Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1009308033

ISBN 13

9781009308038

Trust in the Law

Encouraging Public Cooperation with the Police and Courts

By: Tom R. Tyler,Yuen J. Huo

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Trust in the Law

Encouraging Public Cooperation with the Police and Courts

By: Tom R. Tyler,Yuen J. Huo

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265

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Russell Sage Foundation

Published Date

ISBN 10

1610445422

ISBN 13

9781610445429

Legitimacy and Criminal Justice

An International Perspective

By: Tom R. Tyler

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Legitimacy and Criminal Justice

An International Perspective

By: Tom R. Tyler

The police and the courts depend on the cooperation of communities to keep order. But large numbers of urban poor distrust law enforcement officials. Legitimacy and Criminal Justice explores the reasons that legal authorities are or are not seen as legitimate and trustworthy by many citizens. Legitimacy and Criminal Justice is the first study of the perceived legitimacy of legal institutions outside the U.S. The authors investigate relations between courts, the police, and communities in the U.K., Western Europe, South Africa, Slovenia, South America, and Mexico, demonstrating the importance of social context in shaping those relations. Gorazd Meško and Goran Klemencic examine Slovenia's adoption of Western-style "community policing" during its transition to democracy. In the context of Slovenia's recent Communist past—when "community policing" entailed omnipresent social and political control—citizens regarded these efforts with great suspicion, and offered little cooperation to the police. When states fail to control crime, informal methods of law can gain legitimacy. Jennifer Johnson discusses an extra-legal policing system carried out by farmers in Guerrero, Mexico—complete with sentencing guidelines and initiatives to reintegrate offenders into the community. Feeling that federal authorities were not prosecuting the crimes that plagued their province, the citizens of Guerrero strongly supported this extra-legal arrangement, and engaged in massive protests when the central government tried to suppress it. Several of the authors examine how the perceived legitimacy of the police and courts varies across social groups. Graziella Da Silva, Ignacio Cano, and Hugo Frühling show that attitudes toward the police vary greatly across social classes in harshly unequal societies like Brazil and Chile. And many of the authors find that ethnic minorities often display greater distrust toward the police, and perceive themselves to be targets of police discrimination. Indeed, Hans-Jöerg Albrecht finds evidence of bias in arrests of the foreign born in Germany, which has fueled discontent among Berlin's Turkish youth. Sophie Body-Gendrot points out that mutual hostility between police and minority communities can lead to large-scale violence, as the Parisian banlieu riots underscored. The case studies presented in this important new book show that fostering cooperation between law enforcement and communities requires the former to pay careful attention to the needs and attitudes of the latter. Forging a new field of comparative research, Legitimacy and Criminal Justice brings to light many of the reasons the law's representatives succeed—or fail—in winning citizens' hearts and minds. A Volume in the Russell Sage Foundation Series on Trust

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Page Count

416

Publisher

Russell Sage Foundation

Published Date

ISBN 10

0871548763

ISBN 13

9780871548764

Book's by Tom R. Tyler

Why People Obey the Law

Why People Obey the Law

Why People Obey the Law

Why People Obey the Law

Cooperation in Groups

Cooperation in Groups

Why People Cooperate

Why People Cooperate

The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice

The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice

Why Children Follow Rules

Why Children Follow Rules

Trust in the Law

Trust in the Law

Large Was Their Bounty: Memories of Mom and Dad

Large Was Their Bounty: Memories of Mom and Dad

Advanced Introduction to Law and Psychology

Advanced Introduction to Law and Psychology

Advanced Introduction to Law and Psychology

Advanced Introduction to Law and Psychology

Armistead and Hancock

Armistead and Hancock

Cooperation in Groups

Cooperation in Groups

Legitimacy-Based Policing and the Promotion of Community Vitality

Legitimacy-Based Policing and the Promotion of Community Vitality

Trust in the Law

Trust in the Law

Legitimacy and Criminal Justice

Legitimacy and Criminal Justice

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