This book philosophically explores how changing conceptions of race and equality have affected Supreme Court interpretations of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution over the years. In the years since the 14th Amendment was ratified in 1868, in its decisions interpreting the Equal Protection Clause, the Supreme Court has switched from using a sociocultural concept of race to using a biological concept of race, and during the same time period has switched from using a social to a legal concept of equality. One result of these trends is the recent emergence of something called 'reverse discrimination.' Another result is that the Equal Protection Clause no longer specially protects racialized persons from racial discrimination, as it was originally intended to do. Using the tools of legal hermeneutics, critical philosophy of race, and critical race theory, key cases of racial discrimination in equal protection law are examined through a historical lens. The Supreme Court’s switch, over the years, from interpreting the Equal Protection Clause as specially protecting racialized persons from continued racial discrimination after the end of the institution of chattel slavery, to interpreting the Clause as protecting everyone from racial discrimination, is tracked alongside changing conceptions of race and equality. As the concept of race became biological, the concept of equality became legal, and the result was the elimination of remedying the negative effects of chattel slavery on the equality status of racialized persons from the Supreme Court’s list of priorities.
A classic resource on feminist theory, this updated sixth edition of Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction offers a clear, comprehensive, and incisive introduction to the major traditions of feminist theory. This new edition explores in detail the wide spectrum of feminist thought, from liberal feminism, radical feminism, Marxist and socialist feminisms, women-of-color feminisms, global, postcolonial, and transnational feminisms, to psychoanalytic feminism, care-focused and maternal-focused feminisms, to ecofeminism, existentialist, poststructural, and postmodern feminisms. The book also includes an expanded discussion of third-wave, fourth-wave, and fifth-wave feminisms, plus much new material on intersectionality, LGBTQ+ issues, gender identities, sexual orientations, and queer theory. Learning tools like end-of-chapter discussion questions and an enhanced, up-to-date bibliography make Feminist Thought an essential resource for students and thinkers who want to understand the theoretical origins and complexities of contemporary feminist debates.
A classic resource on feminist theory, this updated sixth edition of Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction offers a clear, comprehensive, and incisive introduction to the major traditions of feminist theory. This new edition explores in detail the wide spectrum of feminist thought, from liberal feminism, radical feminism, Marxist and socialist feminisms, women-of-color feminisms, global, postcolonial, and transnational feminisms, to psychoanalytic feminism, care-focused and maternal-focused feminisms, to ecofeminism, existentialist, poststructural, and postmodern feminisms. The book also includes an expanded discussion of third-wave, fourth-wave, and fifth-wave feminisms, plus much new material on intersectionality, LGBTQ+ issues, gender identities, sexual orientations, and queer theory. Learning tools like end-of-chapter discussion questions and an enhanced, up-to-date bibliography make Feminist Thought an essential resource for students and thinkers who want to understand the theoretical origins and complexities of contemporary feminist debates.
This book philosophically explores how changing conceptions of race and equality have affected Supreme Court interpretations of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution over the years. In the years since the 14th Amendment was ratified in 1868, in its decisions interpreting the Equal Protection Clause, the Supreme Court has switched from using a sociocultural concept of race to using a biological concept of race, and during the same time period has switched from using a social to a legal concept of equality. One result of these trends is the recent emergence of something called 'reverse discrimination.' Another result is that the Equal Protection Clause no longer specially protects racialized persons from racial discrimination, as it was originally intended to do. Using the tools of legal hermeneutics, critical philosophy of race, and critical race theory, key cases of racial discrimination in equal protection law are examined through a historical lens. The Supreme Court’s switch, over the years, from interpreting the Equal Protection Clause as specially protecting racialized persons from continued racial discrimination after the end of the institution of chattel slavery, to interpreting the Clause as protecting everyone from racial discrimination, is tracked alongside changing conceptions of race and equality. As the concept of race became biological, the concept of equality became legal, and the result was the elimination of remedying the negative effects of chattel slavery on the equality status of racialized persons from the Supreme Court’s list of priorities.
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