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Ocean Circulation and Climate

Chapter 28. Long-term Salinity Changes and Implications for the Global Water Cycle

By: Paul J. Durack,Susan E. Wijffels,Tim P. Boyer

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Ocean Circulation and Climate

Chapter 28. Long-term Salinity Changes and Implications for the Global Water Cycle

By: Paul J. Durack,Susan E. Wijffels,Tim P. Boyer

Long-term global ocean salinity variation provides an insight into water cycle change. This connection reflects changes to the evaporation and precipitation (E–P) fields along with terrestrial runoff, which comprises the global water cycle and sets the spatial pattern of salinity on the ocean surface. The dynamic nature of the global ocean ensures that along with E–P, temperature and circulation changes also play a role in driving patterns of salinity change. This chapter provides an introduction to the global water cycle, briefly outlines the history of ocean salinity observation, and introduces results that relate resolved salinity change to water cycle change. Because of sparse observational coverage, the use of climate models are necessary to investigate these relationships. Long-term changes to global ocean salinity suggest that an unambiguous and coherent water cycle change has occurred over the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Climate model simulations project that such changes will intensify in the twenty-first century in response to continued greenhouse gas emissions.

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Page Count

59

Publisher

Elsevier Inc. Chapters

Published Date

ISBN 10

0128058773

ISBN 13

9780128058770

Balzac's Shorter Fictions

Genesis and Genre

By: Tim Farrant

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Balzac's Shorter Fictions

Genesis and Genre

By: Tim Farrant

Balzac's reputation is as a novelist. But short stories make up over half La Comédie humaine, besides scores of other tales and articles. Short forms appear early in Balzac's output, and shape his work throughout his career. Balzac's Shorter Fictions looks at the whole of this corpus, at the nature of short fiction, and at how Balzac's novels developed from his stories - at the links between literary genesis and genre. It explores the roles of short fiction in Balzac's creation, its part in producing effects of virtuality and perspective, and reflects ultimately on the relationship between brevity and length in La Comédie humaine. This, the first complete English-language study of Balzac's work for over forty years, synthesizes recent research on Balzac's practice within the context of modern thought on the author. It is an indispensable book for students and scholars of Balzac, and for all those interested in prose fiction.

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Page Count

368

Publisher

OUP Oxford

Published Date

ISBN 10

0191541427

ISBN 13

9780191541421