During Mao Zedong's Great Leap Forward, hundreds of thousands of famine refugees in the recently founded People's Republic of China set their sights on the agricultural promise of Inner Mongolia. Cheng Tiejun was one of those refugees, arriving in Inner Mongolia in 1959. In 1966, as the PRC plunged into the tumultuous events of the Cultural Revolution, he joined the millions of students and young intellectuals in the Red Guards, who saw in the early days of the Cultural Revolution an opportunity to shape a new nation embracing freedom and equality. In Inner Mongolia, however, that year saw the Party-led destruction of the Mongol-centered autonomous polity led by Ulanhu. In the years after the fall of Ulanhu's administration, the region descended into a living hell for Mongols. Even those among the rebels were accused of being Ulanhu sympathizers and tortured for information. At the heart of this book are Cheng's first-person recollections of his experiences as a rebel. These are supplemented by a close examination of the documentary record of the era--as patchwork and censored as it is--from co-authors Mark Selden and Uradyn E. Bulag. The final chapter offers a theoretical framework to understand such persecution. Its goal was not to destroy the Mongols as a people or as a culture--that is, it was not a genocide. It was, however, a "politicide," an attempt to destroy an officially and politically recognized nationality in possession of an autonomous region, forcing Mongols to assimilate as "ethnic minorities" within a "Chinese nation." This unusual narrative provides urgently needed primary material to understand the events of the Cultural Revolution, while at once offering a novel way to understand contemporary Chinese minority politics"--
Resonance Self-Shielding Calculation Methods in Nuclear Reactors presents the latest progress in resonance self-shielding methods for both deterministic and Mote Carlo methods, including key advances over the last decade such as high-fidelity resonance treatment, resonance interference effect and multi-group equivalence. As the demand for high-fidelity resonance self-shielding treatment is increasing due to the rapid development of advanced nuclear reactor concepts and progression in high performance computational technologies, this practical book guides students and professionals in nuclear engineering and technology through various methods with proven high precision and efficiency. - Presents a collection of resonance self-shielding methods, as well as numerical methods and numerical results - Includes new topics in resonance self-shielding treatment - Provides source codes of key calculations presented
This open access handbook, Ten Crises systematically traces the economic history of China from 1949 to 2020, unravelling the complex domestic and global factors leading to the cyclical crises identified by WEN and his research team, and examining the corresponding counteracting policies and measures by the government to resolve or defer the crises. The book offers profound insights into China's endeavours and predicaments on the path of modernization, and contemplates opportunities and lessons for the forging of alternative trajectories not only for China but also for the global south: to reconstruct rural communities for integrated cooperation and governance, and to revitalize ecological civilization.
This chapter provides a global network service provider’s view on the technology development and product commercialization of 100-Gb/s for optical transport networks. Optical channel capacity has been growing over the past four decades to address traffic demand growth and will continue this trend for the foreseeable future to meet the ever-increasing bandwidth requirements. In this chapter, optical channels are re-classified into three basic design types. Commercial 100-Gb/s channel development experienced all three types of channel designs before eventually settling on the single carrier PM-QPSK format with coherent detection, which appears to be the optimal design in the industry. A series of 100-Gb/s channel related field trials were performed in service providers’ networks to validate the technical merits as well as business advantages of this new capacity standard before its deployment. Introduction of the 100-Gb/s channel brings new opportunities to boost fiber capacity, accommodate increases in client interface speed rates, lower transmission latency, simplify network management, and speed up the realization of next generation optical add/drop functions.
This is a textbook for advanced undergraduate students and beginning graduate students in applied mathematics. It presents the basic mathematical foundations of stochastic analysis (probability theory and stochastic processes) as well as some important practical tools and applications (e.g., the connection with differential equations, numerical methods, path integrals, random fields, statistical physics, chemical kinetics, and rare events). The book strikes a nice balance between mathematical formalism and intuitive arguments, a style that is most suited for applied mathematicians. Readers can learn both the rigorous treatment of stochastic analysis as well as practical applications in modeling and simulation. Numerous exercises nicely supplement the main exposition.
The significance of the existence of the system is to realize its function and maintain its stability, that is, the reliability and stability of the reliability. Reliability is affected by factors, component properties and system structure, and its changes are complex. In order to solve this problem, the authors proposed the space fault tree theory in 2012. This book is the first time that the fundamental part of the theory has been presented internationally. The authors of the book are Pro. Tiejun Cui and Dr. Shasha Li.
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