This book explores the visualization of three-dimensional non-Euclidean spaces using ray-tracing techniques in Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). This is a trending topic in mathematical visualization that combines the mathematics areas of geometry and topology, with visualization concepts of computer graphics. Several conditions made this a special moment for such topic. On one hand, the development of mathematical research, computer graphics, and algorithms have provided the necessary theoretical framework. On the other hand, the evolution of the technologies and media allows us to be immersed in three-dimensional spaces using Virtual Reality. The content of this book serves both experts in the areas and students. Although this is a short book, it is self-contained since it considers all the ideas, motivations, references, and intuitive explanations of the required fundamental concepts.
How the breeding of new animals and plants was central to fascist regimes in Italy, Portugal, and Germany and to their imperial expansion. In the fascist regimes of Mussolini's Italy, Salazar's Portugal, and Hitler's Germany, the first mass mobilizations involved wheat engineered to take advantage of chemical fertilizers, potatoes resistant to late blight, and pigs that thrived on national produce. Food independence was an early goal of fascism; indeed, as Tiago Saraiva writes in Fascist Pigs, fascists were obsessed with projects to feed the national body from the national soil. Saraiva shows how such technoscientific organisms as specially bred wheat and pigs became important elements in the institutionalization and expansion of fascist regimes. The pigs, the potatoes, and the wheat embodied fascism. In Nazi Germany, only plants and animals conforming to the new national standards would be allowed to reproduce. Pigs that didn't efficiently convert German-grown potatoes into pork and lard were eliminated. Saraiva describes national campaigns that intertwined the work of geneticists with new state bureaucracies; discusses fascist empires, considering forced labor on coffee, rubber, and cotton in Ethiopia, Mozambique, and Eastern Europe; and explores fascist genocides, following Karakul sheep from a laboratory in Germany to Eastern Europe, Libya, Ethiopia, and Angola. Saraiva's highly original account—the first systematic study of the relation between science and fascism—argues that the “back to the land” aspect of fascism should be understood as a modernist experiment involving geneticists and their organisms, mass propaganda, overgrown bureaucracy, and violent colonialism.
This book explores the visualization of three-dimensional non-Euclidean spaces using ray-tracing techniques in Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). This is a trending topic in mathematical visualization that combines the mathematics areas of geometry and topology, with visualization concepts of computer graphics. Several conditions made this a special moment for such topic. On one hand, the development of mathematical research, computer graphics, and algorithms have provided the necessary theoretical framework. On the other hand, the evolution of the technologies and media allows us to be immersed in three-dimensional spaces using Virtual Reality. The content of this book serves both experts in the areas and students. Although this is a short book, it is self-contained since it considers all the ideas, motivations, references, and intuitive explanations of the required fundamental concepts.
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