An examination of the cognitive tools that the mind uses to grapple with uncertainty in the real world. How do humans navigate uncertainty, continuously making near-effortless decisions and predictions even under conditions of imperfect knowledge, high complexity, and extreme time pressure? Taming Uncertainty argues that the human mind has developed tools to grapple with uncertainty. Unlike much previous scholarship in psychology and economics, this approach is rooted in what is known about what real minds can do. Rather than reducing the human response to uncertainty to an act of juggling probabilities, the authors propose that the human cognitive system has specific tools for dealing with different forms of uncertainty. They identify three types of tools: simple heuristics, tools for information search, and tools for harnessing the wisdom of others. This set of strategies for making predictions, inferences, and decisions constitute the mind's adaptive toolbox. The authors show how these three dimensions of human decision making are integrated and they argue that the toolbox, its cognitive foundation, and the environment are in constant flux and subject to developmental change. They demonstrate that each cognitive tool can be analyzed through the concept of ecological rationality—that is, the fit between specific tools and specific environments. Chapters deal with such specific instances of decision making as food choice architecture, intertemporal choice, financial uncertainty, pedestrian navigation, and adolescent behavior.
This book integrates the fundamentals of monetary theory, monetary policy theory and financial market theory, providing an accessible introduction to the workings and interactions of globalised financial markets. Includes examples and extensive data analyses.
Relationship Marketing provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals and important recent developments in this fast-growing field. "This book makes a landmark contribution in assembling some of the best contemporary thinking about relationship marketing illustrated with concrete descriptions of companies in the automobile industry, consumer electronics, public utilities and so on, which are implementing relationship marketing. I highly recommend this to all companies who want to see what their future success will require." PROF. PHILIP KOTLER, NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, ILLINOIS
Integrating very interesting results from the most important R & D project ever made in Germany, this book offers a basic understanding of tribological systems and the latest developments in reduction of wear and energy consumption by tribological measures. This ready reference and handbook provides an analysis of the most important tribosystems using modern test equipment in laboratories and test fields, the latest results in material selection and wear protection by special coatings and surface engineering, as well as with lubrication and lubricants. This result is a quick introduction for mechanical engineers and laboratory technicians who have to monitor and evaluate lubricants, as well as for plant maintenance personnel, engineers and chemists in the automotive and transportation industries and in all fields of mechanical manufacturing industries, researchers in the field of mechanical engineering, chemistry and material sciences.
Eine Übersicht für Architekten, die auch die Bedeutung der Baustoffwahl für die sinnliche Wahrnehmung von Architektur wie Haptik, Geruch, Farbe, Oberflächenstruktur berücksichtigt, gab es bisher nicht. Mit dem Baustoff Atlas wird diese Lücke nun geschlossen. Als ein auf die Interessen von Architekten und Bauingenieuren gleichermassen abgestimmtes Grundlagenwerk wird er alle genannten Betrachtungsebenen vereinen. Dabei werden sowohl grundsätzliche Nachhaltigkeitsfragen wie Lebensdauer, Umweltbelastung und Stoffkreisläufe erörtert als auch Materialinnovationen vorgestellt. Alle wesentlichen herkömmlichen und neuartigen Baustoffe werden hinsichtlich Herstellung, Verarbeitung, Oberflächen, Anschlüssen und Kenndaten umfassend dokumentiert. Internationale Beispiele, deren Erscheinungsbild sich häufig aus jeweils einem Material definiert, veranschaulichen die Anwendung in der Architektur. Der Baustoff Atlas unterstützt damit die tägliche Arbeit von Architekten und Ingenieuren bei der Baustoffauswahl auf eine umfassende, zugleich anschauliche und anregende Weise.
Massive changes are taking place all over the world in redefining the relationship between government, public, and private institutions. Nowhere is this redefinition more urgent than in communications, where widespread privatization and deregulation of telecommunication companies and broadcasters has created a need for new modes of corporate governance in the new global marketplace. In this study, Wolfgang Schulz and Thorsten Held set out to find answers to key questions relating to the changing role of government--especially in regulating the transnational communications industry--and to provide a tool kit for what they call regulated self-regulation applicable across the world.
This book provides a comprehensive and user-friendly exploration of the tremendous recent developments that reveal the connections between real algebraic geometry and optimization, two subjects that were usually taught separately until the beginning of the 21st century. Real algebraic geometry studies the solutions of polynomial equations and polynomial inequalities over the real numbers. Real algebraic problems arise in many applications, including science and engineering, computer vision, robotics, and game theory. Optimization is concerned with minimizing or maximizing a given objective function over a feasible set. Presenting key ideas from classical and modern concepts in real algebraic geometry, this book develops related convex optimization techniques for polynomial optimization. The connection to optimization invites a computational view on real algebraic geometry and opens doors to applications. Intended as an introduction for students of mathematics or related fields at an advanced undergraduate or graduate level, this book serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners. Each chapter is complemented by a collection of beneficial exercises, notes on references, and further reading. As a prerequisite, only some undergraduate algebra is required.
This monograph will provide an in-depth mathematical treatment of modern multiple test procedures controlling the false discovery rate (FDR) and related error measures, particularly addressing applications to fields such as genetics, proteomics, neuroscience and general biology. The book will also include a detailed description how to implement these methods in practice. Moreover new developments focusing on non-standard assumptions are also included, especially multiple tests for discrete data. The book primarily addresses researchers and practitioners but will also be beneficial for graduate students.
This textbook describes the theory and the pragmatics of using and engineering high-level software languages – also known as modeling or domain-specific languages (DSLs) – for creating quality software. This includes methods, design patterns, guidelines, and testing practices for defining the syntax and the semantics of languages. While remaining close to technology, the book covers multiple paradigms and solutions, avoiding a particular technological silo. It unifies the modeling, the object-oriented, and the functional-programming perspectives on DSLs. The book has 13 chapters. Chapters 1 and 2 introduce and motivate DSLs. Chapter 3 kicks off the DSL engineering lifecycle, describing how to systematically develop abstract syntax by analyzing a domain. Chapter 4 addresses the concrete syntax, including the systematic engineering of context-free grammars. Chapters 5 and 6 cover the static semantics – with basic constraints as a starting point and type systems for advanced DSLs. Chapters 7 (Transformation), 8 (Interpretation), and 9 (Generation) describe different paradigms for designing and implementing the dynamic semantics, while covering testing and other kinds of quality assurance. Chapter 10 is devoted to internal DSLs. Chapters 11 to 13 show the application of DSLs and engage with simpler alternatives to DSLs in a highly distinguished domain: software variability. These chapters introduce the underlying notions of software product lines and feature modeling. The book has been developed based on courses on model-driven software engineering (MDSE) and DSLs held by the authors. It aims at senior undergraduate and junior graduate students in computer science or software engineering. Since it includes examples and lessons from industrial and open-source projects, as well as from industrial research, practitioners will also find it a useful reference. The numerous examples include code in Scala 3, ATL, Alloy, C#, F#, Groovy, Java, JavaScript, Kotlin, OCL, Python, QVT, Ruby, and Xtend. The book contains as many as 277 exercises. The associated code repository facilitates learning and using the examples in a course.
The book reports on a novel approach for holistically identifying the relevant state drivers of complex, multi-stage manufacturing systems. This approach is able to utilize complex, diverse and high-dimensional data sets, which often occur in manufacturing applications, and to integrate the important process intra- and interrelations. The approach has been evaluated using three scenarios from different manufacturing domains (aviation, chemical and semiconductor). The results, which are reported in detail in this book, confirmed that it is possible to incorporate implicit process intra- and interrelations on both a process and programme level by applying SVM-based feature ranking. In practice, this method can be used to identify the most important process parameters and state characteristics, the so-called state drivers, of a manufacturing system. Given the increasing availability of data and information, this selection support can be directly utilized in, e.g., quality monitoring and advanced process control. Importantly, the method is neither limited to specific products, manufacturing processes or systems, nor by specific quality concepts.
Thorsten Tham highlights the fundamental changes that have swept Germany’s footballing landscape in recent years and presents theory-based impact hypotheses about forms of stimulus that can raise the loyalty of football-affine target groups before, during and after the game. Based on the example of traditional club VfL Bochum 1848 an online survey to analyze the influence of a Bundesliga match on different visitor target groups is conducted. The author discusses ways in which football clubs can change their multisensual approach to raise the profile of their club brand among football-affine target groups and increase loyalty to the club.
Data profiling refers to the activity of collecting data about data, {i.e.}, metadata. Most IT professionals and researchers who work with data have engaged in data profiling, at least informally, to understand and explore an unfamiliar dataset or to determine whether a new dataset is appropriate for a particular task at hand. Data profiling results are also important in a variety of other situations, including query optimization, data integration, and data cleaning. Simple metadata are statistics, such as the number of rows and columns, schema and datatype information, the number of distinct values, statistical value distributions, and the number of null or empty values in each column. More complex types of metadata are statements about multiple columns and their correlation, such as candidate keys, functional dependencies, and other types of dependencies. This book provides a classification of the various types of profilable metadata, discusses popular data profiling tasks, and surveys state-of-the-art profiling algorithms. While most of the book focuses on tasks and algorithms for relational data profiling, we also briefly discuss systems and techniques for profiling non-relational data such as graphs and text. We conclude with a discussion of data profiling challenges and directions for future work in this area.
How Much Religion is Good for Us? is a provocative book which examines parallels between play and religion from a philosophical, theological, and anthropological perspective. Understanding “religion as a game” in the context of secular culture, it explores the “playful” patterning of spiritual and religious belief in modern societies. Drawing on the Nietzschean concept of a dead but powerful God, the book depicts modern civilizations as players treading a secular age in which the spirit of religion unconsciously survives. It argues that the spirit of religion is preserved in cultures in the form of a spiritual game, distilling moral precepts and imperatives much like poetry and works of art do. Comparative in scope, it references Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Sufism, and Daoism. This interdisciplinary volume is an outstanding resource for students and scholars of Religious Studies, Islamic Studies, Cultural Studies, Philosophy, and Anthropology.
Inhaltsangabe:Einleitung: Es wird eine unvergessliche Erinnerung bleiben, wie wir des starken Windes wegen, in einer großen Holzkiste zu fünfen übereinandergekauert, Augen und Ohren mit gespannter Aufmerksamkeit auf den Empfangsapparat gerichtet, plötzlich nach Aufhissen des verabredeten Flaggenzeichens, das erste Ticken, die ersten deutlichen Morsezeichen vernahmen, lautlos und unsichtbar hinübergetragen von jener felsigen, nur in undeutlichen Umrissen wahrnehmbaren Küste, herübergetragen durch jenes unbekannte geheimnisvolle Mittel, den Äther, der die einzige Brücke bildet zu den Planeten des Weltalls , Prof. Adolf Salbt, Mai 1897 als wissenschaftlicher Beobachter beim ersten Telegraphie- Experiment von Guglielmo Marconi über den 14 km breiten Bristol-Kanal. Wenn voraussichtlich im Jahr 2002 der Mobilfunk der dritten Generation (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System, UMTS) in Europa eingeführt wird, werden neue mobile handliche Endgeräte auch in der Lage sein, Multimedia- und Internet-Anwendungen zu verarbeiten. Was heute nur mit rudimentären Techniken wie WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) mit begrenzter Übertragungsrate und begrenzten Display-Anzeigen der Mobilfunkgeräte möglich ist, wird alsbald durch neue Technologien abgelöst. Mit dem Aufkommen dieser neuen Generation von sogenannten mobilen Terminals werden jedoch gleichzeitig neue Grundlagen nötig, wie z.B. Webseiten für den mobilen Einsatz konzipiert und gestaltet werden können. Es dürfte jedem bewusst sein, dass Webseiten nicht einfach aus einem bestehenden Auftritt konvertiert werden können, ohne sich mit den veränderten technischen Gegebenheiten und dem veränderten Nutzerverhalten näher auseinander gesetzt zu haben. Diese Arbeit soll diese neuen Veränderungen in der Technik-Mensch- Beziehung untersuchen und daraus Grundsätze ableiten, wie Webseiten im zukünftigen Mobilfunksystem der dritten Generation gestaltet werden können. Die Entwicklung von Webseiten, anders als die von Software, wird heutzutage leider immer noch ohne einen allgmeingültig formulierten Anforderungskatalog nach DIN- oder ISO-Normen durchgeführt und beschränkt sich deshalb weitestgehend auf die mehr oder minder hilfreichen Vorschläge von Website-Enwicklern und selbsternannten Usability-Gurus (dt.: Bedienbarkeit~). Diese Arbeit geht diesen Weg nicht. Aufgrund der Ähnlichkeit zur Entwicklung von Softwareprodukten werden die dort formulierten Ergonomie-Anforderungen nach ISO 9241 als Basis zur Ableitung [...]
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