The Politics of Precedent on the U.S. Supreme Court offers an insightful and provocative analysis of the Supreme Court's most important task--shaping the law. Thomas Hansford and James Spriggs analyze a key aspect of legal change: the Court's interpretation or treatment of the precedents it has set in the past. Court decisions do not just resolve immediate disputes; they also set broader precedent. The meaning and scope of a precedent, however, can change significantly as the Court revisits it in future cases. The authors contend that these interpretations are driven by an interaction between policy goals and variations in the legal authoritativeness of precedent. From this premise, they build an explanation of the legal interpretation of precedent that yields novel predictions about the nature and timing of legal change. Hansford and Spriggs test their hypotheses by examining how the Court has interpreted the precedents it set between 1946 and 1999. This analysis provides compelling support for their argument, and demonstrates that the justices' ideological goals and the role of precedent are inextricably linked. The two prevailing, yet contradictory, views of precedent--that it acts either solely as a constraint, or as a "cloak" that never actually influences the Court--are incorrect. This book shows that while precedent can operate as a constraint on the justices' decisions, it also represents an opportunity to foster preferred societal outcomes.
In this insightful book, the most respected names in legal publishing envision what changes the next century holds for the publication of legal information. Approximately 100 years ago, as comprehensive publication of legal cases began, the major legal publishing houses described their view of legal literature in a "Symposium of Law Publishers." Today's technological innovations, coupled with a resurgence of competition that has revived entrepreneurial dynamism in legal publishing, have created the need for a second such effort. Symposium of Law Publishers commemorates the spirit of the first symposium by examining the state of legal publishing today and what advances can be expected in the new century. Representatives of fourteen legal publishers give an in-depth view of the field and its future. In a unique additional feature, four law librarians provide an alternative view of the future of legal publishing. Symposium of Law Publishers examines information technologies primarily as a means to deliver information to the legal profession quickly, comprehensively, inexpensively, or accessibly, and predict that libraries and books will remain the core of legal information. The contributors discuss the new competitive spirit in the law publishing industry and the need for a response to increased globalization and specialization in the law profession. Other important topics addressed in this groundbreaking book include the future of case publication, electronic publishing and the future of research, citation systems in the future, and the survival of loose-leaf services. Professionals concerned with any aspect of legal publishing will be better prepared for future changes with the help of this fascinating book. Law librarians, data base specialists, and information theory specialists will also find Symposium of Law Publishers an invaluable introduction to the next century of legal publishing.
The history of the U.S. Coast Guard and its predecessor agencies dates from 1790, with missions in both domestic and international waters. The service has provided aids to navigation, enforcement of maritime laws, environmental protection, search and rescue, immigration and narcotics interdiction, maritime safety assistance, port security, natural disaster response and national defense missions, including overseas with other U.S. armed forces and federal and state public safety agencies. The Service has operated under the Department of the Treasury, the Department of Transportation and, since 2003, the Department of Homeland Security. Its maritime mission regions have included Arctic and Antarctic waters, inland and coastal U.S. waterways and the seas and oceans of the world. This history describes how the Coast Guard has manifested its legacy and motto, Semper Paratus (Always Ready), in changing conditions under each of its leaders.
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