Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2004 im Fachbereich Soziologie - Sonstiges, Note: 1,0, Universität zu Köln, Veranstaltung: Organisationssoziologie, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die vorliegende Hausarbeit setzt sich mit dem Thema “Contingency Theory“ auseinander und verfolgt das Ziel einen einführenden Überblick in die Thematik zu liefern. “Contingeny Theory“ beschreibt die Beziehung zwischen den äußeren Bedingungen (Situation) und den inneren Umständen (Struktur) einer Organisation. Von einem pragmatischen Standpunkt aus bedeutet dies, dass die Struktur einer Organisation mittels der Berücksichtigung der kontingenten Faktoren so auszurichten ist, dass sie die höchstmögliche Leistung erzielen kann. Dabei versteht man unter kontingenten Faktoren Einflussgrößen, die die Struktur der Organisation determinieren, aber nicht notwendigerweise vorhanden sein müssen. Das Ausmaß des Einflusses dieser Faktoren ist von der individuellen Situation der Organisation abhängig. Beispiele hierfür sind Einflüsse durch die Umwelt, die Organisationsgröße oder die Fertigungstechnik. Diese Theorie baut daher auf dem Grundsatz auf, dass es keine prinzipiellen Gestaltungsempfehlungen für den Aufbau einer Organisation geben kann (Child 1976, S.1). Zur genaueren Erörterung dieser Thematik gliedert sich die Hausarbeit daher in drei Bereiche: 1.) Entstehung, Methoden und Konzeptionen Die Contingency Theory hat sich aus einer Vielzahl von Forschungsströmungen entwickelt. Sie wurde insbesondere durch Woodward, Blau und Pugh geprägt. In diesem Part werde ich daher die einzelnen Ansätze, sowie die Methoden und Konzeptionen vorstellen, die maßgeblich zur Entstehung der Contingency Theory beigetragen haben. Dabei werde ich mich vorwiegend auf die Literaturquellen „Organisation“ von Kieser und Kubicek (1992) und dem Lehrbuchtext von Kieser zu diesem Seminar “Contingency Theory“ in „Organisationstheorien“ (2002) beziehen. 2.) Analytische Ansätze: Forschungsergebnisse In diesem Teil der Hausarbeit werde ich einen Auszug aus den Analysen einzelner kontingenter Variablen vorstellen. Dabei handelt es sich um die Faktoren Organisationsgröße, Umwelt und Fertigungstechnik. Dazu werde ich mich auf die im Seminar verwendete Literatur beziehen (s.o.), als auch u.a. auf zusätzliche Untersuchungsergebnisse von Child (1976) bzw. auch Lawrence und Lorsch (1967). 3.) Pragmatische Ansätze: Spin-Offs der Contingency Theory [...]
Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,0, The George Washington University (Dept. of Organizational Sciences), course: Organizational Management, language: English, abstract: “Transforming a caterpillar into a butterfly” (Ghoshal and Bartlett 1997: 270), this is the process many organizations have to and are undergoing these days. Organizations are converting themselves from the traditional, hierarchical organization into the contemporary organic, learning and individualized corporation (Kimberly and Bouchikhi 1995: 9). But (1) what are the attributes of these modern organizations? (2) What makes them so different from traditional organizations? (3) And how are they managed? Moreover, it comes with a painful impression to realize that the transformation from a caterpillar into butterfly is a struggling process. Therefore, (4) what are the underlying pressures and forces which simultaneously drive but also restrain the transformation into the modern organization (Ghoshal and Bartlett 1997: 270)? In this matter, Jack Welch is the best example by turning General Electric (GE) into the modern organization par excellence; resulting in GE’s extraordinary performance and an average annual growth of the stock rate of 18.1% since 1981 (industry average: 12.2%) (Lakshman 2005: 435, Kimberly and Bouchikhi 1995: 9, 16-17). There is no unique recipe to successfully guide this process. Simply reading and trying to copy 1:1 what Jack Welch did at GE will not function in any other organization - each organization is as unique as its people. For these reasons, it is important to understand the underlying principles of the modern organization in order to identify the answers to the questions stated above in order to determine organizational effectiveness (Besanko et al. 2004: 3). Moreover, this knowledge offers a powerful source in appropriately leading one’s organization to become and to be as agile as a start-up while still being able to rely on the potential resources of a large-scale caterpillar organization (Ghoshal and Bartlett 1997: 264-268). Thus, the goal of this paper is to create an in-depth understanding of the contemporary - the modern organization.
Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,0, The George Washington University (Dept. of Organizational Sciences), course: Decision-Making, language: English, abstract: This paper aims at exploring the underlying decision-making processes that take place in order to successfully develop and run this organization even in the most competitive markets such as in entertainment or air travel (Dearlove 1999, 12). However, to understand the power and culture this organization is driven by to achieve this success, one has literally to get a grip on its key player, Richard Branson. My analysis of the Virgin Group is therefore closely tied to Richard’s way of doing business and making decisions.
Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,0, The George Washington University (Dept. of Organizational Sciences), course: Management Systems, language: English, abstract: When I started to capture the readings for this paper I came across the above mentioned quote and realized the close connection between the way we perceive reality and how perception is the key to systems thinking at the same time. Systems’ thinking in particular means to stop assessing reality in fragments and details but instead looking at wholes. A true systems thinker therefore observes dynamic interrelationships and patterns rather than mere “snapshots”. As it will turn out by looking at the example of Chris Bangle, chief-designer at BMW, system thinking can especially considered to be an art. The goal of this paper is moreover to show how “our actions create our reality” (Senge 1994, 1) and how we can be the craftsmen. I will moreover briefly apply the “Appreciation Influence Control”-Model (AIC) by Bill Smith and Elisabeth Davis to underline the important role perception plays in systems thinking. This model centers on how to achieve and realize the full potential of a purpose (goal). The overall philosophy is to come to understand the “power” which is involved in the organizing process. In detail, the process itself consists of three levels that have to be properly ‘managed’ in order to succeed in realizing the purpose aiming at: (1) Appreciation – Relating to the overall system that is relevant (information). (2) Influence – Relation to the components of the system (transformation). (3) Control – Directing resources to attain the purpose (formation). I have therefore separated this paper into three parts according to the AIC-model. In the first part I will focus on the importance of perception and how perception impacts “appreciation”. In the second part I will consider how as consequence of a different perception of reality the organizing process has been transformed to systems thinking – the “influence” of changed perception. In the final and third part, I will then show how systems thinking can take place in daily practice and how it can be acquired.
Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,0, The George Washington University (Dept. of Organizational Sciences), course: Change Mangement, language: English, abstract: "Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, concerned citizens can change the world. Indeed it is the only thing that ever has" Margaret Mead once stated. Her statement exactly expresses why the peaceful revolution of 1989 in former East Germany was successful in not only changing the political system from totalitarian socialism into a real democracy but also re-uniting West- and East Germany: the people overcame the government. Beyond this, it also explains why Winston Smith, the main character and rebel in George Orwell’s novel 1984 failed in the battle against the totalitarian regime under which he lived: he was not the “people” and only part of a group of two. Consequently, the goal of this term paper is to develop implications for leading change based on my readings. First of all, I will give a summary of the novel 1984 written by George Orwell. In the second part of this paper, I will draw a comparison between the scenario of 1984 and the real world example of former East Germany in 1989 to underline the applicability of the leadership implications given later. After this distinction, I will analyze the different leadership styles of the key characters Winston Smith (rebel) and O’Brien (the system) in 1984 as well as of Reverent Christian Führer (the rebel) in 1989 who initiated indirectly over a time frame of six to nine years the peaceful revolution in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). As for the counterrevolution in the GDR, I will point out briefly how the system as a whole tried to prevent the collapse of the nation. This paper ends with a conclusion.
Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,0, The George Washington University (Dept. of Organizational Sciences), course: Change Mangement, language: English, abstract: "Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, concerned citizens can change the world. Indeed it is the only thing that ever has" Margaret Mead once stated. Her statement exactly expresses why the peaceful revolution of 1989 in former East Germany was successful in not only changing the political system from totalitarian socialism into a real democracy but also re-uniting West- and East Germany: the people overcame the government. Beyond this, it also explains why Winston Smith, the main character and rebel in George Orwell’s novel 1984 failed in the battle against the totalitarian regime under which he lived: he was not the “people” and only part of a group of two. Consequently, the goal of this term paper is to develop implications for leading change based on my readings. First of all, I will give a summary of the novel 1984 written by George Orwell. In the second part of this paper, I will draw a comparison between the scenario of 1984 and the real world example of former East Germany in 1989 to underline the applicability of the leadership implications given later. After this distinction, I will analyze the different leadership styles of the key characters Winston Smith (rebel) and O’Brien (the system) in 1984 as well as of Reverent Christian Führer (the rebel) in 1989 who initiated indirectly over a time frame of six to nine years the peaceful revolution in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). As for the counterrevolution in the GDR, I will point out briefly how the system as a whole tried to prevent the collapse of the nation. This paper ends with a conclusion.
Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 1,0, The George Washington University (Dept. of Organizational Sciences), course: Decision-Making, language: English, abstract: This paper aims at exploring the underlying decision-making processes that take place in order to successfully develop and run this organization even in the most competitive markets such as in entertainment or air travel (Dearlove 1999, 12). However, to understand the power and culture this organization is driven by to achieve this success, one has literally to get a grip on its key player, Richard Branson. My analysis of the Virgin Group is therefore closely tied to Richard’s way of doing business and making decisions.
This three-volume handbook describes the core competency areas in providing psychological services relevant to practitioners as well as clinical researchers. It covers assessment and conceptualization of cases, the application of evidence-based methods, supervision, consultation, cross-cultural factors, and ethics.
Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: Flash mobs are an urban movement in which it seems that random people meet at a random place and do something out of the ordinary to amuse people as well as to make them think, What just happened? They begin as a communication in cyberspace and end as participation in real life, and with the growing popularity of flash mobs, corporations are starting to use this urban movement for commercial purposes. This research seeks to understand the perceptions and attitudes of both participants and the audience of flash mobs and will also examine the impact that commercial use has on this movement. The research is divided into three parts. The first part involves interviewing the audience of an actual flash mob organized by the author in London and will examine their perceptions towards the event they have just watched. The second part involves a questionnaire sent out to the general public, including a video of a real flash mob and a video of a commercialized flash mob. This questionnaire is divided into two parts, whether the interviewee knows what a flash mob is or not. The third part of the research involves interviewing the participants of the flash mob movement and examining their perceptions towards the commodification of the flash mobs by a corporation and the possible impacts of this commercialization on the urban movement. The analysis shows that the majority of the interviewees can detect the commodification of the real flash mob and the agents see the possibility that the urban movement may become mainstream through the commercial use by corporations. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: AbstractIII Table of ContentsIV List of Figures1 List of Appendices2 Introduction3 1.Literature Review5 Chapter Outline5 Flash mob5 The development of a flash mob6 Word-of-mouth7 Viral Marketing9 Online Communities11 Community Marketing12 Authenticity13 2.Research Methods17 Chapter outline17 Problem Statement19 Objectives of this research19 Defining the Research Method21 Philosophies23 Data analysis27 Limitations27 Ethics27 3.Empirical Findings & Analysis28 Chapter outline28 Audience survey28 General public survey29 General Public A29 General Public B42 Agent Survey54 4.Conclusion & Recommendations81 Chapter outline81 Conclusion81 Recommendations83 Future Research83 References List84 Appendices87 Textprobe:Text Sample: Chapter 2, Philosophies: This part of the research onion consists of [...]
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