Thomas Carson offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date investigation of moral and conceptual questions about lying and deception. Part I addresses conceptual questions and offers definitions of lying, deception, and related concepts such as withholding information, "keeping someone in the dark," and "half truths." Part II deals with questions in ethical theory. Carson argues that standard debates about lying and deception between act-utilitarians and their critics are inconclusive because they rest on appeals to disputed moral intuitions. He defends a version of the golden rule and a theory of moral reasoning. His theory implies that there is a moral presumption against lying and deception that causes harm — a presumption at least as strong as that endorsed by act-utilitarianism. He uses this theory to justify his claims about the issues he addresses in Part III: deception and withholding information in sales, deception in advertising, bluffing in negotiations, the duties of professionals to inform clients, lying and deception by leaders as a pretext for fighting wars, and lying and deception about history (with special attention to the Holocaust), and cases of distorting the historical record by telling half-truths. The book concludes with a qualified defence of the view that honesty is a virtue.
This is the most comprehensive and up-to-date investigation of moral and conceptual questions about lying and deception. Carson argues that there is a moral presumption against lying and deception that causes harm, he examines case-studies from business, politics, and history, and he offers a qualified defence of the view that honesty is a virtue.
My interest in the issues considered here arose out of my great frustration in trying to attack the all-pervasive relativism of my students in introductory ethics courses at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. I am grateful to my students for forcing me to take moral relativism and skepticism seriously and for compelling me to argue for my own dogmatically maintained version of moral objectivism. The result is before the reader. The conclusions reached here (which can be described either as a minimal objectivism or as a moderate verson of relativism) are considerably weaker than those that I had expected and would have liked to have defended. I have arrived at these views kicking and screaming and have resisted them to the best of my ability. The arguments of this book are directed at those who deny that moral judgments can ever be correct (in any sense that is opposed to mistaken) and who also deny that we are ever rationally com pelled to accept one moral judgment as opposed to another. I have sought to take their views seriously and to fight them on their own grounds without making use of any assumptions that they would be unwilling to grant. My conclusion is that, while it is possible to refute the kind of extreme irrationalism that one often encounters, it is impossible to defend the kind of objectivist meta-ethical views that most of us want to hold, without begging the question against the non-objectivist.
This book provides a comprehensive examination of the Keystone State’s formal and informal political institutions and players, past and present, and elucidates the place each holds in governing the commonwealth today. Covering a period of more than three hundred years, this volume presents a clear and succinct overview of • the commonwealth’s political history, culture, and geography; • interactions between office holders, civil servants, special interest groups, and the media; • policy development and implementation; • how laws are created, enacted, and enforced; • hierarchy and interaction among state, county, local, and special district government bodies and officials; • tax collection and disbursement; and • the political upheaval in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2020 presidential election. Featuring practical appendixes and interviews with current and past office holders, bureaucrats, party leaders, and political journalists, this astute and informative book is an indispensable tool for understanding politics in the Keystone State.
[Volume 1]. Occurrence of DDT in man. DDT, human health and the environment / Jukes ; exposure of formulating plant workers to DDT / Wolfe and Armstrong ; chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide residue in human tissues/ Morgan and Roan ; adsorption, storage and metabolic conversion of ingested DDT and DDT meabolites in man / Morgan and Roan ; urinary excretion of DDA following ingestion of DDT and DDT metabolites in man/ Roan, Morgan and Paschal -- physiological effects of DDT on man. effect of intensive occupational exposure to DDT on phenylbutzone and cortisol metabolism in human subjects / Poland, Smith, Kuntzman, Jacobson and Conney ; evidence of safety of long-termm high, oral doses of DDT for man / Hayes, Dale, and Pirkle ; a case of human pesticide poisonin / Gilpin ; fact and fancy in nutrition and food science / Jukes ; the global "cranberry incident" / Jukes -- DDT in the ecosystem. DDT in teh biosphere : where did it go? / Woodwell, Craig, and Johnson ; sites of inhabition of photosynthetic electron transport by 1,1-trichloro-2,2bis-(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) / Rogers, Owen, and Delaney ; DDT residues in marine phytoplankton : increase from 1955 to 1969 / Cox. [Volume 2]. occurrence and physiological effects of DDT in other mammals -- mechanisms of neurotoxic action of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) in immature and adult rats / Henderson and Woolley -- identification of drugs in the preimplantation bloastocyst and in the plasma, uterine secretion and urine of pregnant rabbit / Sieber and Fabro -- metabolic alterations in teh squirrel monkey induced by DDT administration and ascorbic acid deficiency / Chadwick, Cranmer and Peoples -- effects of DDT and of drug-DDT interactions on electroshock seizures in the rat / Woolley -- distribution of DDT, DDD, and DDE in tissues of neonatal rats and in milk in other tissues of mother rats chronically exposed to DDT / Woolley and Talens -- the ultrastructure of livers of rats fed DDT and dieldrin / Kimbrough, Gaines and Linder -- metabolic control mechanisms in mammalian systems. IX. estrogen-like simulation of uterine enzymes by o, p'-1,1,1-trichloro-2-2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane / Singhal, Valadares and Schwark -- the effect of environmental and dietary stress on the concentration of 1,1-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane in rats / Brown -- introduction of enzymes in mammalian tissues -- DDT-induced stimulation of key gluconeogenic enzymes in rat kidney cortex / Kacew, Singhal and Ling -- a possible role of liver microsomal alkaline ribonuclease in the stimulation of oxidative drug metabolism by phenobarbital, chlordane and chlorophenothane (DDT) / Lechner and Pousada -- the effect of chlorinated hydrocarbons on drug metabolism in mice / Gabliks and Maltby-Askari -- degradative metabolism of DDT in mammalian systems -- degredation of 1,1,1-trichloro-2-2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane by He La S cells / Huang, Lu and Chung -- in vivo detoxication of p, p'-DDT via p, p'-DDE to p, p'-DDA in rats / Datta -- perfused rat liver and kidney / Datta and Nelson -- nonconversion of o, p'-DDT to p, p'-DDT in rats, sheep, chickens and quail / Bitman, Cecil and Fries -- effect phenobarbitalual pretreatment on the metabolism of DDT in the rat and bovine / Alary, Gua and Brodeur -- Dmetabolismsim : oxidation of the metabolite 2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase / Suggs, Hawk, Curley, Boozer and McKinney.
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