Since the first fertilization of a human egg in the laboratory in 1968, scientific and technological breakthroughs have raised ethical dilemmas and generated policy controversies on both sides of the Atlantic. Embryo, stem cell, and cloning research have provoked impassioned political debate about their religious, moral, legal, and practical implications. National governments make rules that govern the creation, destruction, and use of embryos in the laboratory—but they do so in profoundly different ways. In Embryo Politics, Thomas Banchoff provides a comprehensive overview of political struggles about embryo research during four decades in four countries—the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France. Banchoff’s book, the first of its kind, demonstrates the impact of particular national histories and institutions on very different patterns of national governance. Over time, he argues, partisan debate and religious-secular polarization have come to overshadow ethical reflection and political deliberation on the moral status of the embryo and the promise of biomedical research. Only by recovering a robust and public ethical debate will we be able to govern revolutionary life-science technologies effectively and responsibly into the future.
First Published in 1973. This volume seeks to fill the gap in history of finance and investment studies by looking at provincial stock exchanges and their importance in the areas of railway promotion for example.
First Published in 2005. The provincial stock exchanges have long been an area of considerable neglect in the study of the history of finance and investment. They have always been dwarfed by the London Stock Exchange, but at least from 1836 onwards it was not the only market in the country. Those who have traced the development of the English capital market have been careful to point to the importance of provincial capital in railway promotion, yet while the role of provincial capital was emphasized, the praises of the 'vehicle' which helped to mobilize such funds went unsaid. It is difficult to see how provincial investors would have been prepared to commit so much of their capital resources for such purposes without some assurance of being able to liquidate their holdings fairly speedily, since for most of them London was at some distance. This book is an attempt to fill a gap—to trace the origins of the provincial investment 'vehicle' and its progress to the present day.
Enlargement and treaty reform have moved Europe's constitutional debate into the political spotlight. This important new text outlines the main themes of constitutional debate in the EU, analyzes formal and informal constitution-building since the early days of European integration, and introduces the actors and structures behind treaty change.
Due to the explosive global growth in the number of mobile subscribers, as well as the growth predicted in the mobile data segment, the need for improved spectrum efficiency on the radio interface becomes more and more important. Frequency hopping (FH) is an effective method for improving the spectrum efficiency. One of the advantages of FH is that it can be combined with other spectral efficiency improving features like power control, handover and reuse partitioning. Performance Enhancements in a Frequency Hopping GSM Network covers FH and some of the additional features in detail. It begins with an in-depth description of the basic concept of FH on link level as well as on system level. Different methods have been used for analysis, such as link level simulations, network level simulations and classic tele-traffic theory. Special features of Performance Enhancements in a Frequency Hopping GSM Network: Combines the practical experiences of operator and vendor with more theoretical research methods. An in-depth treatment of prevailing problems in GSM networks; Presentation of a new method, computer-aided network design (CAND), which has been developed to analyse the complex network structures of a GSM network. CAND provides the possibility for more realistic performance evaluations than conventional methods; Provides GSM-specific analysis of functionality improvements in power control, discontinuous transmission, and several handover algorithms; Explanation of the quality and capacity gains of features like the combination of FH and reuse partitioning, referred to as intelligent frequency hopping; A frequency planning method for FH GSM networks is presented. This method exploits the benefits from FH directly in the allocation process, increasing the overall frequency plan.
This text treats electronic transport in the regime where conventional textbook models are no longer applicable, including the effect of electronic phase coherence, energy quantization and single-electron charging. This second edition is completely updated and expanded, and now comprises new chapters on spin electronics and quantum information processing, transport in inhomogeneous magnetic fields, organic/molecular electronics, and applications of field effect transistors. The book also provides an overview of semiconductor processing technologies and experimental techniques. With a number of examples and problems with solutions, this is an ideal introduction for students and beginning researchers in the field. "This book is a useful tool, too, for the experienced researcher to get a summary of recent developments in solid state nanostructures. I applaud the author for a marvellous contribution to the scientific community of mesoscopic electronics." Prof. K. Ensslin, Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zurich
Opium and its derivatives morphine and heroin have destroyed, corrupted, and killed individuals, families, communities, and even whole nations. And yet, for most of its long history, opium has also been humanity's most effective means of alleviating physical and mental pain. This extraordinary book encompasses the entire history of the world's most fascinating drug, from the first evidence of poppy cultivation by stone-age man to the present-day opium trade in Afghanistan. Dr. Thomas Dormandy tells the story with verve and insight, uncovering the strange power of opiates to motivate major conflicts yet also inspire great art and medical breakthroughs, to trigger the rise of global criminal networks yet also revolutionize attitudes toward well-being. Opium: Reality's Dark Dream traverses the globe and the centuries, exploring opium's role in colonialism, the Chinese Opium Wars, laudanum-inspired sublime Romantic poetry, American "Yellow Peril" fears, the rise of the Mafia and the black market, 1960s counterculture, and more. Dr. Dormandy also recounts exotic or sad stories of individual addiction. Throughout the book the author emphasizes opium's complex, valuable relationship with developments in medicine, health, and disease, highlighting the perplexing dual nature of the drug as both the cause and relief of great suffering in widely diverse civilizations.
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