Multiple Choice Questions on Oil, Gas and Petrochemicals includes over 1500 questions covering the the exploration of oil and gas, refining of oil, natural gas and petrochemical sectors. The book is useful for students pursuing their Bachelors or Masters Degree in petroleum exploration and for the professionals working in upstream, midstream and downstream sector of oil and gas. The book would also be used by various academic institutions and libraries.
This study was undertaken in recognition of the critical role played by the Energy Resources Program (ERP) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in the energy future of the United States. The ERP performs fundamental research to understand the origin and recoverability of fossil energy resources and conducts assessments of their future availability. The ERP also provides information and expertise on environmental effects.
Multiple Choice Questions on Oil, Gas and Petrochemicals includes over 1500 questions covering the the exploration of oil and gas, refining of oil, natural gas and petrochemical sectors. The book is useful for students pursuing their Bachelors or Masters Degree in petroleum exploration and for the professionals working in upstream, midstream and downstream sector of oil and gas. The book would also be used by various academic institutions and libraries.
The purpose of the United Nations Challenge Badges is to raise awareness, educate and, most of all, motivate young people to change their behaviour and be active agents of change in their local communities. Challenge Badges are appropriate for use with school classes and youth groups, and are endorsed by WAGGGS and WOSM. They include a wide range of activities and ideas that can easily be adapted by teachers or leaders. Additional badges are available or are being developed on a number of other topics, including: Agriculture, Biodiversity, Energy, Forests, Gender, Governance, Hunger, Nutrition, the Ocean, Soils and Water. The CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGE BADGE is designed to help educate children and young people about the vital role the climate plays in supporting life on Earth. The badge looks at how our daily lives impact the Earth’s climate and provides ideas on how individuals can take action to help make this close relationship more sustainable.
The two waves of refugees from the Central African Republic has provoked one of the most severe humanitarian crises in Central Africa and in the South of Chad. The different camps around the city of Goré host a population of more than 90 000 individuals of which 35% are refugees, 21% are repatriates and 44% are autochthones. This population is dependent on woodfuel for cooking, heating and lighting. This has increased pressure on the environment due to tree felling, wood collection and the conversion of forestland to agricultural land. FAO and UNHCR initiated a joint rapid woodfuel assessment in May 2017 to determine the supply and demand of woodfuel resources in the area. The assessment had four components: 1) an assessment of the woodfuel demand for cooking, heating and economic activities 2) an identification of current technologies and practices in use for cooking and potential bioenergy feedstocks in the area of interest 3) an assessment of the potential woodfuel supply in the area of interest 4) and the establishment of recommendations for planning interventions to improve clean energy access, promote sustainable forest management, support afforestation and reforestation measures and contribute to building resilience of affected populations in the area around the city of Goré.
Poetry is an artistic, stylistic expression and reflection of the spirit. Wu Tzu’s poems transcend the preconceived thinking of worldly people, just like a pure lotus amidst the dusty world, a radiant lighthouse in the stormy sea, and a rainbow across a dark cloudy sky. The style of Wu Tzu’s poetry is sometimes soft and gentle as a slow flowing stream, or sometimes vibrant and forceful as a thousand horses racing. Her verses are imbued with graceful and otherworldly qualities. When expressed in the Poet’s simple, conversational words, these verses often belie their profound meanings and pure lyrical beauty. With a refreshing choice of words and harmonious rhythms in Her poems, the Poet has created a beautiful, ethereal world, as well as a poetic style that is at once romantic and splendid. Above all, these poems seem to have been created with total spontaneity, and yet their effect is total enchantment.
This special issue of the Climate Policy journal addresses the following key questions: * What long-term range of policies for climate change adaptation and mitigation should Europe pursue to adequately enhance sustainability on a global level? * What are the implications of long-term European climate strategy for the design of a global post-2012 climate regime? * What are the key concerns of different stakeholders and how will these concerns impact on long-term climate policy? These questions were discussed during two workshops, commissioned by the European Forum on Integrated Environmental Assessment (EFIEA) and jointly organized by the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), The Netherlands and the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, UK. Selected papers from these workshops were adapted and peer-reviewed for publication. International experts offer detailed policy analysis and review the links between policy and economics, sustainable development, technology and adaptation. Also included are introductory and concluding remarks from the guest editors, highlighting key points and offering an expert synthesis of the workshop discussions. This will be invaluable reading for professionals, researchers and academics interested in climate change and climate policy, policy makers, policy analysts, energy consultants, and representatives from industry planning their own long-term energy strategies.
This report presents the results of the implementation of the GBEP indicators to two key bioenergy pathways in Viet Nam: cassava-based ethanol and biogas at household, farm and industrial levels. The environmental, social and economic impacts of these two pathways are discussed, and recommendations are provided on how to improve their sustainability, efficiency and competitiveness. This work provided Viet Nam with an understanding of how to establish the means of a long-term, periodic monitoring of its domestic bioenergy sector based on the GBEP indicators. Such periodic monitoring would enhance the knowledge and understanding of this sector and more generally of the way in which the contribution of the agricultural and energy sectors to national sustainable development could be evaluated. The implementation of the GBEP indicators in Viet Nam also provided a series of lessons learnt about how to apply them as a tool for sustainable development and how to enhance their practicality.
Following a trajectory of high growth, China and India face a common challenge of achievingan environmentally benign pattern of development owing to growing global issues like climatechange, land degradation, and biodiversity loss. In wake of the above, the China Council forInternational Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED) and the India Councilfor Sustainable Development (ICSD) commissioned a joint-study, to be conducted by ChineseAcademy of Environmental Planning (CAEP) and The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI).Thisbook is the outcome of the study and understands the environment and development paradigmsfor both India and China, identifies key issues, and draws commonalities, differences, and lessonsthat can be learnt.
This book covers, in a panoramic sweep, all the formidable environmental challenges that we face. It is a grim reminder of our disquieting environmental reality; yet the stories here inspire hope and provide examples of the building blocks for a sustainable world. Environment Chronicles II is the go-to resource for readers who want to know, in holistic terms, about what's ailing the environment as well as the solutions for a greener future. Backing up its claims with several unassailable facts, this book reinforces the urgency for sustainable development, particularly for conservation, resource-use efficiency, and waste minimization—all ideas that are now picking up the much-needed momentum.
Climate change threatens our ability to ensure global food security, eradicate poverty and achieve sustainable development. About 736 million people live in extreme poverty, and the global response to climate change today will determine how we feed future generations. By 2030, UN member countries have committed to eradicating extreme poverty and hunger for people everywhere. As ending poverty and hunger are at the heart of FAO’s work, the organization is helping countries develop and implement evidence-based pro-poor policies, strategies and programmes that promote inclusive growth and sustainable livelihoods, as well as to increase the resilience, adaptive and coping capacity of poor and vulnerable communities to climate change. In order to achieve this, FAO encourages an integrated Climate-Poverty Approach to support policy development and action by policymakers, government officials, local-level institutions, communities, researchers, and development and humanitarian agencies worldwide. The Approach has been developed with insights from many perspectives, and includes not only climate and poverty aspects, but also indigenous, gender, food security, disaster response, resilience, SIDS and coastal community perspectives, among others. With a series of policy recommendations and tools to improve the design, delivery, and results of synergies and linkages between climate mitigation and adaptation, poverty reduction and food security actions, these synergies and linkages can make significant contributions towards achieving both the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Paris Agreement targets.
All over India, the shortage of power is a reality that affects all walks of life, all kinds of people. Among its most tangible impacts is the shortage of electricity in the domestic sector. Despite the fact that India's capacity to generate power has grown from 1362 MW at the time of Independence to over 100 000 MW in 2001, there is still, on an average, an eight per cent shortfall.Each person in India can use about 350 kW of power every year, and this is among the lowest per capita averages in the world. Hours of load shedding, sweltering summers, and cold winters without enough power are all common experiences for the average Indian. Generators and inverters are fast competing with refrigerators and televisions as hot-selling consumer goods.'Empowering the Indian city: scenarios and solutions' is an attempt to bring into focus the various issues that confront development in the Indian power sector, with special reference to the urban power supply to the domestic sector. It puts forth a multitude of choices that exist before the Indian citizen, the government, and the industry to create a future where electricity can be a resource not so ridden by scarcity and bad quality. Many of us have often thought about what alternatives exist before us, other than buying a cost-intensive, polluting generator, or an inverter that will hike our electricity bills considerably. This concise book tries to list out a few ways of bridging this shortage by focusing on alternative energy sources, energy-efficient lighting, and governmental reform, which is already in the pipeline.It is a book not just about shortage of power. It is also about the theft of power, bad management practices in the sector and the misuse of power, faulty tariff systems, and low quality in what is supplied to the consumer as usable power. It is also about the future of power reforms in the country and which way they are headed.
Globally, the number of conflicts is increasing which is the main cause of much of the recent deterioration of the global food security situation. This situation is exacerbated by climate related shocks. Since 2009, a combination of man-made and natural disasters has disrupted livelihoods, threatened food security and forcibly displaced millions of people in northeast Nigeria. The conflict, in northeast Nigeria, takes on a central role in the ongoing food crisis by severely curtailing the ability of populations to access land and other natural resources such as woodfuel, the central object of this analysis. Access to energy is a precondition to food security, both are often highly constrained during crises. The ways in which energy is produced and used, can aggravate the vulnerability of populations to a number of risks and challenges by exposing them to malnutrition and other health conditions, reduced resilience to natural hazards and to environmental degradation, a disproportionate work burden for women, protection risks, conflicts and unsustainable livelihood activities. FAO, UNHCR and WFP have been promoting the multi-sectoral Safe Access to Fuel and Energy approach (SAFE) in the context of forced displacement to support an effective response and to contribute to building the resilience of vulnerable populations. The starting point of such a response in northeast Nigeria is this woodfuel supply and energy demand assessment, which provides a baseline for designing comprehensive interventions that take into account the energy needs of affected populations. The desired outcome of the SAFE approach is to “satisfy the fuel and energy needs for cooking, heating, lighting, and powering in a safe and sustainable manner, without fear or risk to health, well-being, and personal security of crisis affected populations”. The SAFE approach could make an effective and significant contribution to improve food security and nutrition, and ensure the sustainable management of natural resources. In addition, it will positively affect livelihoods, women and youth empowerment, protection and health risks. By taking adequate climate change mitigation and adaptation measures, the SAFE approach will also help to increase the resilience of vulnerable populations in the face of natural hazards and disasters, and contribute to peaceful coexistence between IDPs and local communities.
This fascinating, readable volume is filled with enticing, detailed information about more than 30 different Incan crops that promise to follow the potato's lead and become important contributors to the world's food supply. Some of these overlooked foods offer special advantages for developing nations, such as high nutritional quality and excellent yields. Many are adaptable to areas of the United States. Lost Crops of the Incas includes vivid color photographs of many of the crops and describes the authors' experiences in growing, tasting, and preparing them in different ways. This book is for the gourmet and gourmand alike, as well as gardeners, botanists, farmers, and agricultural specialists in developing countries.
Indian embarked upon an ambitious electrification goal of 100% household coverage in five years with the introduction of the RGGVY (Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana) in April 2005. A key feature of the RGGVY relates to the franchisee model for the last-mile distribution of electricity in rural areas. This book offers an overview of the RGGVY and the different franchisee models as envisaged under the program. It is a must-read for the franchisers and franchisees, as well as the people associated with capacity building of franchisees for rural electricity distribution management.
When it comes to the climate, we don’t need more marketing or anxiety. We need established facts and a plan for collective action. The climate is the fundamental issue of our time, and now we face a critical decision. Whether to be optimistic or fatalistic, whether to profess skepticism or to take action. Yet it seems we can barely agree on what is really going on, let alone what needs to be done. We urgently need facts, not opinions. Insights, not statistics. And a shift from thinking about climate change as a “me” problem to a “we” problem. The Carbon Almanac is a once-in-a-lifetime collaboration between hundreds of writers, researchers, thinkers, and illustrators that focuses on what we know, what has come before, and what might happen next. Drawing on over 1,000 data points, the book uses cartoons, quotes, illustrations, tables, histories, and articles to lay out carbon’s impact on our food system, ocean acidity, agriculture, energy, biodiversity, extreme weather events, the economy, human health, and best and worst-case scenarios. Visually engaging and built to share, The Carbon Almanac is the definitive source for facts and the basis for a global movement to fight climate change. This isn’t what the oil companies, marketers, activists, or politicians want you to believe. This is what’s really happening, right now. Our planet is in trouble, and no one concerned group, corporation, country, or hemisphere can address this on its own. Self-interest only increases the problem. We are in this together. And it’s not too late for concerted, collective action for change.
It is predicted that over the next two decades, sustained economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region will require energy services in an order of magnitude much larger than today's to meet the energy needs of industrialisation and improved living standards. However, the situation in many rural areas is critically different as local demands for energy often outstrip availability. It is estimated that more than a billion people in rural areas of the Asia-Pacific region lack access to modern energy services, leading to a dependence on non-commercial energy supplies to meet basic needs. Energy is essential for domestic purposes, such as cooking, heating and lighting, as well as for agricultural and rural industry purposes. This means that the objectives of many of the Millennium Development Goals will not be met unless rapid progress is made in extending efficient and affordable energy services to the poor in support of development activities. This publication is largely based on materials and papers presented at the 2004 UNESCAP Expert Group Meeting on Energy Services for Sustainable Development in Rural Areas. However, it also touches on how enhancing eco-efficiency can be a strategy to address the growing pressure on environmental sustainability resulting from the region's rapid economic growth.
The implications of climate change for the environment and society depend on the rate and magnitude of climate change, but also on changes in technology, economics, lifestyles, and policy that will affect the capacity both for limiting and adapting to climate change. Describing Socioeconomic Futures for Climate Change Research and Assessment reviews the state of science for considering socioeconomic changes over long time frames and clarifies definitions and concepts to facilitate communication across research communities. The book also explores driving forces and key uncertainties that will affect impacts, adaptation, vulnerability and mitigation in the future. Furthermore, it considers research needs and the elements of a strategy for describing socioeconomic and environmental futures for climate change research and assessment. Describing Socioeconomic Futures for Climate Change Research and Assessment explores the current state of science in scenario development and application, asserting that while little attention has been given to preparing quantitative and narrative socioeconomic information, advances in computing capacity are making development of such probabilistic scenarios a reality. It also addresses a number of specific methodological challenges and opportunities and discusses opportunities for a next round of assessments.
This is the 8th edition in a series which provides an authoritative assessment of the world's natural resource base. This edition focuses on the relationship between environmental change and human health. Drawing on the latest scientific data, it explores how environmental conditions contribute to death and disease around the world, and how that may change in the coming decades.
Cities are the world's future. Today, more than half of the global population--3.7 billion people--are urban dwellers, and that number is expected to double by 2050. There is no question that cities are growing; the only debate is over how they will grow. Will we invest in the physical and social infrastructure necessary for livable, equitable, and sustainable cities? In the latest edition of State of the World, the flagship publication of the Worldwatch Institute, experts from around the globe examine the core principles of sustainable urbanism and profile cities that are putting them into practice. From Ahmedabad, India to Freiburg, Germany, local people are acting to improve their cities, even when national efforts are stalled. Issues examined range from the nitty-gritty of handling waste and developing public transportation to civic participation and navigating dysfunctional government. The result is a snapshot of cities today and a vision for global urban sustainability tomorrow.
Providing a reliable and resilient supply of electric power to communities across the United States has always posed a complex challenge. Utilities must support daily operations to serve a diverse array of customers across a heterogeneous landscape while simultaneously investing in infrastructure to meet future needs, all while juggling an enormous array of competing priorities influenced by costs, capabilities, environmental and social impacts, regulatory requirements, and consumer preferences. A rapid pace of change in technologies, policies and priorities, and consumer needs and behaviors has further compounded this challenge in recent years. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on February 3, 2020 to explore strategies for incorporating new technologies, planning and operating strategies, business models, and architectures in the U.S. electric power system. Speakers and participants from industry, government, and academia discussed available models for long-term transmission and distribution planning, as well as the broader context of how these models are used and future opportunities and needs. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
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